Background
Methods
Section/Topic | # | Checklist item |
---|---|---|
Title | ||
Title | 1 | Identify the report as a systematic review, meta-analysis, or both. |
Abstract | ||
Structured summary | 2 | Provide a structured summary including, as applicable: background; objectives; data sources; study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions; study appraisal and synthesis methods; results; limitations; conclusions and implications of key findings; systematic review registration number. |
Introduction | ||
Rationale | 3 | Describe the rationale for the review in the context of what is already known. |
Objectives | 4 | Provide an explicit statement of questions being addressed with reference to participants, interventions, comparisons, outcomes, and study design. |
Methods | ||
Protocol and registration | 5 | Indicate if a review protocol exists, if and where it can be accessed [e.g., Web address], and, if available, provide registration information including registration number. |
Eligibility criteria | 6 | Specify study characteristics [e.g., PICOS, length of follow-up] and report characteristics [e.g., years considered, language, publication status] used as criteria for eligibility, giving rationale. |
Information sources | 7 | Describe all information sources [e.g., databases with dates of coverage, contact with study authors to identify additional studies] in the search and date last searched. |
Search | 8 | Present full electronic search strategy for at least one database, including any limits used, such that it could be repeated. |
Study selection | 9 | State the process for selecting studies [i.e., screening, eligibility, included in systematic review, and, if applicable, included in the meta-analysis]. |
Data collection process | 10 | Describe method of data extraction from reports [e.g., piloted forms, independently, in duplicate] and any processes for obtaining and confirming data from investigators. |
Data items | 11 | List and define all variables for which data were sought [e.g., PICOS, funding sources] and any assumptions and simplifications made. |
Risk of bias in individual studies | 12 | Describe methods used for assessing risk of bias of individual studies [including specification of whether this was done at the study or outcome level], and how this information is to be used in any data synthesis. |
Summary measures | 13 | State the principal summary measures [e.g., risk ratio, difference in means]. |
Synthesis of results | 14 | Describe the methods of handling data and combining results of studies, if done, including measures of consistency [e.g., I2] for each meta-analysis. |
Risk of bias across studies | 15 | Specify any assessment of risk of bias that may affect the cumulative evidence [e.g., publication bias, selective reporting]. |
Additional analyses | 16 | Describe methods of additional analyses [e.g., sensitivity or subgroup analyses, meta-regression]. |
Results | ||
Study selection | 17 | Give numbers of studies screened, assessed for eligibility, and included in the review, with reasons for exclusions at each stage, ideally with a flow diagram. |
Study characteristics | 18 | For each study, present characteristics for which data were extracted [e.g., study size, PICOS, follow-up period] and provide the citations. |
Risk of bias within studies | 19 | Present data on risk of bias of each study and, if available, any outcome level assessment [see item 12]. |
Results of individual studies | 20 | For all outcomes considered [benefits or harms], present, for each study: [a] simple summary data for each intervention group [b] effect estimates and confidence intervals, ideally with a forest plot. |
Synthesis of results | 21 | Present results of each meta-analysis done, including confidence intervals and measures of consistency. |
Risk of bias across studies | 22 | Present results of any assessment of risk of bias across studies [see Item 15]. |
Additional analysis | 23 | Give results of additional analyses, if done [e.g., sensitivity or subgroup analyses, meta-regression [see Item 16]]. |
Discussion | ||
Summary of evidence | 24 | Summarize the main findings including the strength of evidence for each main outcome; consider their relevance to key groups [e.g., healthcare providers, users, and policy makers]. |
Limitations | 25 | Discuss limitations at study and outcome level [e.g., risk of bias], and at review-level [e.g., incomplete retrieval of identified research, reporting bias]. |
Conclusions | 26 | Provide a general interpretation of the results in the context of other evidence, and implications for future research. |
Funding | ||
Funding | 27 | Describe sources of funding for the systematic review and other support; role of funders for the systematic review. |
Results
Biomechanical studies
Clinical studies
Study | Publication year | Type of study | Level of evidence |
---|---|---|---|
Wang et al. [28] | 2004 | Prospectively randomized study | II |
Houe et al. [29] | 2004 | Retrospective comparative study | III |
Fanelli et al. [30] | 2008 | Retrospective comparative study | V |
Kim et al. [32] | 2009 | Retrospective comparative study | III |
Shon OJ et al. [33] | 2010 | Retrospective comparative study | III |
Yoon et al. [2] | 2011 | Randomized controlled study | II |
Fanelli et al. [31] | 2012 | Retrospective comparative study | V |
Li et al. [34] | 2014 | Lesser-quality randomized controlled study | II |
Study | No. of patients (S/D) | Graft choice(S/D) | Follow-up (mo) (S/D) |
---|---|---|---|
Wang et al. [28] | 35(19/16) | Semitendinosus and gracilis | 41.0/28.2 |
Houe et al. [29] | 16(6/10) | Patellar tendon autograft/semitendinosus and gracilis autograft | 31 |
Fanelli et al. [30] | 90(45/45) | Achilles tendon and tibialis anterior allograft | ≥24 |
Kim et al. [32] | 29(G1: 8/ G2: 11/G3:10) | Achilles tendon allograft | 32.4/31.9/33.6 |
Shon OJ et al. [33] | 30(14/16) | Bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) allograft and achilles tendon allograft/achilles tendon allograft | 34/36 |
Yoon et al. [2] | 53(25/28) | Achilles tendon allograft | 28.5/27.4 |
Fanelli et al. [31] | 90(45/45) | Achilles tendon and tibialis anterior allograft | ≥24 |
Li et al. [34] | 46(22/24) | Tibialis anterior allograft | 25.1/23.5 |