Background
Methods
Case and image selection
Identification of typical injury cases from a one-year caseload
Body part | Children (n = 1013) % of cases | Adults (n = 900) % of cases |
---|---|---|
Lower extremities | 13.1 | 13.9 |
Trunk including buttocks | 12.1 | 11.3 |
Upper extremities excluding hands | 9.6 | 9.9 |
Hands | 8.6 | – |
Upper extremities and trunk | – | 7.7 |
Head | 7.9 | 7.1 |
Selection of related images
Consultation with local emergency physician for representativeness
Characteristics | Children (n = 25) | Adults (n = 26) |
---|---|---|
Mean age in years (range) | 2.9 (0–9) | 31.5 (19–59) |
Male/female | 9/16 | 18/8 |
Fitzpatrick skin type (range) | 4–6 | 2–6 |
Mechanism | ||
Hot liquid | 17 | 9 |
Fire | 3 | 16 |
Contact | 4 | – |
Electric | 1 | – |
Unknown | – | 1 |
TBSA range | 0.5–12 | 2–23 |
Depth range | Superficial partial – full | Superficial partial – full |
Participants
Data collection instrument
Data collection procedure
Statistical analyses
Results
Country | All | South Africa | Sweden | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics and use of device | Total n = 26 | EM n = 11 | Burns n = 8 | Burns n = 7 |
Age (in years) | ||||
Mean (range) | 40.9 (29–75) | 37.5 (31–47) | 41.1 (29–75) | 46.1 (30–64) |
Gender | ||||
Female, n | 8 | 1 | 5 | 2 |
Male, n | 18 | 10 | 3 | 5 |
Use of handheld device for image-based assessments | ||||
A few times a week or more | 15 | 6 | 7 | 2 |
Cases | Accuracya
| Inter-rater reliability |
---|---|---|
ICC (95% CI) | ICC (95% CI) | |
Overall | 0.82 (0.81–0.84) | 0.81 (0.74–0.87) |
Children | 0.81 (0.78–0.83) | 0.78 (0.68–0.88) |
Adults | 0.81 (0.78–0.84) | 0.81 (0.72–0.89) |
Cases | Participants | Accuracya
| Inter-rater reliability |
---|---|---|---|
ICC (95% CI) | ICC (95% CI) | ||
Overall | South African EM specialists | 0.80 (0.77–0.83) | 0.81 (0.74–0.87) |
South African burns specialists | 0.87 (0.85–0.89) | 0.81 (0.74–0.87) | |
Swedish burns specialists | 0.87 (0.84–0.89) | 0.85 (0.79–0.90) | |
Children | South African EM specialists | 0.77 (0.72–0.81) | 0.75 (0.64–0.86) |
South African burns specialists | 0.90 (0.87–0.92) | 0.85 (0.77–0.92) | |
Swedish burns specialists | 0.83 (0.78–0.87) | 0.76 (0.64–0.87) | |
Adults | South African EM specialists | 0.79 (0.75–0.83) | 0.81 (0.71–0.89) |
South African burns specialists | 0.85 (0.81–0.89) | 0.79 (0.68–0.88) | |
Swedish burns specialists | 0.87 (0.83–0.90) | 0.88 (0.80–0.93) |
Cases | Accuracya
| Inter-rater reliability |
---|---|---|
ICC (95% CI) | ICC (95% CI) | |
Overall | 0.53 (0.49–0.57) | 0.43 (0.34–0.54) |
Children | 0.61 (0.55–0.65) | 0.51 (0.38–0.67) |
Adults | 0.46 (0.40–0.52) | 0.36 (0.24–0.53) |
Cases | Participants | Accuracya
| Inter-rater reliability |
---|---|---|---|
ICC (95% CI) | ICC (95% CI) | ||
Overall | South African EM specialists | 0.49 (0.43–0.55) | 0.43 (0.33–0.55) |
South African burns specialists | 0.64 (0.58–0.69) | 0.50 (0.39–0.62) | |
Swedish burns specialists | 0.51 (0.43–0.59) | 0.49 (0.38–0.62) | |
Children | South African EM specialists | 0.54 (0.45–0.62) | 0.46 (0.32–0.64) |
South African burns specialists | 0.75 (0.68–0.80) | 0.63 (0.48–0.78) | |
Swedish burns specialists | 0.59 (0.48–0.68) | 0.49 (0.33–0.68) | |
Adults | South African EM specialists | 0.44 (0.35–0.53) | 0.41 (0.27–0.59) |
South African burns specialists | 0.54 (0.43–0.63) | 0.39 (0.24–0.57) | |
Swedish burns specialists | 0.45 (0.33–0.56) | 0.50 (0.34–0.68) |
Cases | Accuracy | Intra-rater reliability |
---|---|---|
ICC (95% CI) | ICC (95% CI) | |
Overall | 0.85 (0.82–0.88) | 0.88 (0.85–0.90) |
Children | 0.90 (0.87–0.92) | 0.85 (0.80–0.88) |
Adults | 0.82 (0.77–0.86) | 0.87 (0.84–0.90) |
Cases | Accuracy | Intra-rater reliability |
---|---|---|
ICC (95% CI) | ICC (95% CI) | |
Overall | 0.48 (0.41–0.55) | 0.63 (0.57–0.69) |
Children | 0.50 (0.39–0.60) | 0.65 (0.56–0.72) |
Adults | 0.46 (0.35–0.56) | 0.62 (0.52–0.69) |