Background
Methods
Study design
STUDY PERIOD | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enrolment | Allocation | Post-allocation | Close-out | ||||||||
TIMEPOINT | Screening | Visit1 | Visit2 | Visit3 | Visit4 | Visit5 | Visit6 | Visit7 | Visit8 | Visit9 | |
Week | 1 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 27 | ||||||
ENROLMENT | |||||||||||
Informed consent | X | ||||||||||
Sociodemographic profile | X | ||||||||||
Medical history | X | ||||||||||
Vital signs | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
Inclusion/exclusioncriteria | X | ||||||||||
Allocation | X | ||||||||||
INTERVENTIONS | |||||||||||
Acupuncture treatment | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||
Acupuncture and Kinesio taping combination treatment | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||
ASSESSMENTS | |||||||||||
Change of medical history | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||
Safety assessment | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||
Visual Analogue Scale of pain | X | X | X | ||||||||
Foot and Ankle Outcome Score | X | X | X | ||||||||
Edema of ankle sprain | X | X | X | ||||||||
European Quality of Life Five Dimension-Five Level Scale | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Number of recurrent ankle injuries | X | X | X | X |
Ethical considerations
Participant recruitment
Participation
Randomization and blinding
Implementation
Intervention
Outcome measurements
Sample size calculation
Statistical analyses
Results
Participants
Baseline characteristics
Dependent variables | AcuKT (n = 27) | Acupuncture (n = 29) | t test or chi-squared test (P) |
---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD or n (%) | Mean ± SD or n (%) | ||
Age (years) | 39.81 ± 15.02 | 39.28 ± 14.23 | 0.14 (0.891)a |
Gender (female) | 17 (63.0%) | 20 (69.0%) | 0.23 (0.635)b |
Lesion side (right) | 14 (51.9%) | 19 (65.5%) | 1.09 (0.299)b |
Sprain injury rating (grade I) | 14 (46.7) | 16 (55.2) | 0.27 (0.599)b |
Duration | 3.30 ± 1.92 | 3.72 ± 1.62 | 0.90 (0.370)b |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.78 ± 3.74 | 24.36 ± 3.55) | 0.44 (0.663)a |
VAS score of pain | 4.11 ± 1.40 | 4.79 ± 2.02 | 1.44 (0.154)a |
Degree of edema (cm) | 0.56 ± 0.64 | 0.48 ± 0.78 | −0.38 (0.706)a |
EQ-5D-5 L | 9.41 ± 2.37 | 9.90 ± 2.83 | 0.70 (0.488)a |
FAOS | 322.11 ± 65.78 | 318.32 ± 76.72 | −0.21 (0.838)a |
FAOS symptom/rigidity | 68.01 ± 14.46 | 69.91 ± 16.52 | 0.46 (0.650)a |
FAOS ache | 69.39 ± 15.52 | 68.24 ± 17.18 | −0.26 (0.794)a |
FAOS function everyday life | 75.93 ± 14.75 | 77.38 ± 16.17 | 0.35 (0.729)a |
FAOS features sports/leisure | 50.56 ± 25.34 | 52.17 ± 19.99 | 0.23 (0.818)a |
FAOS quality of life | 58.22 ± 21.23 | 50.63 ± 25.35 | −1.19 (0.233)a |
Efficacy of primary and secondary outcomes
Groups | Dependent variables | Week 0 (mean ± SD) | Week 1 (mean ± SD) | Week 5 (mean ± SD) | Difference (week 1 – week 0) | Z (P)a | Difference (week 5 – week 0) | Z (P)a | Chi-squared test (P)b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AcuKT group (n = 27) | Degree of edema | 0.56 ± 0.64 | 0.26 ± 1.59 | 0.19 ± 0.43 | −0.30 ± 0.54 | −2.53 (0.011) | −0.36 ± 0.68 | −2.43 (0.015) | 4.87 (0.088) |
VAS score of pain | 4.11 ± 1.40 | 1.89 ± 1.44 | 0.97 ± 1.04 | −2.21 ± 1.58 | −4.42 (<0.001) | −3.14 ± 1.34 | 4.55 (<0.001) | 44.83 (<0.001) | |
Total EQ-5D-5 L | 9.41 ± 2.37 | 7.19 ± 1.94 | 6.04 ± 1.45 | −2.22 ± 3.06 | −3.29 (0.001) | − 3.37 ± 2.68 | 4.02 (<0.001) | 30.42 (<0.001) | |
Total FAOS | 322.11 ± 65.78 | 402.44 ± 65.785 | 439.65 ± 50.27 | 80.33 ± 62.74 | −4.54 (<0.001) | 117.54 ± 61.29 | 4.54 (<0.001) | 45.66 (<0.001) | |
FAOS symptom/rigidity | 68.01 ± 14.46 | 81.44 ± 12.16 | 89.01 ± 10.97 | 13.43 ± 12.82 | −3.92 (<0.001) | 21.00 ± 16.70 | 4.11 (<0.001) | 28.95 (<0.001) | |
FAOS ache | 69.39 ± 15.52 | 84.41 ± 11.75 | 91.92 ± 8.96 | 15.02 ± 13.59 | −4.07 (<0.001) | 22.53 ± 14.57 | 4.46 (<0.001) | 41.16 (<0.001) | |
FAOS function everyday life | 75.93 ± 14.75 | 90.03 ± 10.32 | 95.00 ± 6.71 | 14.09 ± 13.20 | −4.14 (<0.001) | 19.07 ± 13.90 | 4.36 (<0.001) | 33.88 (<0.001) | |
FAOS features sports/leisure | 50.56 ± 25.34 | 74.27 ± 17.24 | 84.43 ± 14.57 | 23.72 ± 20.09 | −4.05 (<0.001) | 33.87 ± 20.47 | 4.55 (<0.001) | 41.57 (<0.001) | |
FAOS quality of life | 58.22 ± 21.23 | 72.29 ± 23.30 | 79.28 ± 16.16 | 14.07 ± 22.22 | −2.96 (0.003) | 21.06 ± 21.43 | 3.94 (<0.001) | 18.37 (<0.001) | |
Acupuncture group (n = 29) | Degree of edema | 0.48 ± 0.78 | 0.24 ± 0.74 | 0.26 ± 0.57 | −0.24 ± 0.64 | −1.94 (0.052) | −0.22 ± 0.60 | −1.31 (0.191) | 5.48 (0.065) |
VAS score of pain | 4.79 ± 2.02 | 2.31 ± 1.86 | 1.58 ± 1.89 | −2.47 ± 1.86 | −4.53 (<0.001) | −3.21 ± 1.99 | 4.46 (<0.001) | 39.41 (<0.001) | |
Total EQ-5D-5 L | 9.90 ± 2.83 | 7.76 ± 2.32 | 7.00 ± 2.19 | −2.14 ± 2.50 | −4.00 (<0.001) | −2.90 ± 2.54 | −4.22 (<0.001) | 34.24 (<0.001) | |
Total FAOS | 318.32 ± 76.72 | 385.00 ± 77.90 | 416.25 ± 74.24 | 66.67 ± 49.51 | −4.33 (<0.001) | 97.92 ± 73.06 | −4.27 (<0.001) | 31.74 (<0.001) | |
FAOS symptom/rigidity | 69.91 ± 16.52 | 82.10 ± 13.94 | 86.30 ± 13.51 | 12.19 ± 12.38 | −3.79 (<0.001) | 16.39 ± 14.59 | −4.13 (<0.001) | 21.56 (<0.001) | |
FAOS ache | 68.24 ± 17.18 | 80.90 ± 16.14 | 86.17 ± 16.33 | 12.66 ± 11.09 | −4.20 (<0.001) | 17.93 ± 15.55 | −4.15 (<0.001) | 26.26 (<0.001) | |
FAOS function everyday life | 77.38 ± 16.17 | 87.06 ± 13.84 | 92.37 ± 10.98 | 9.68 11.05 | −3.77 (<0.001) | 14.99 ± 14.05 | −4.43 (<0.001) | 28.71 (<0.001) | |
FAOS features sports/leisure | 52.17 ± 19.99 | 70.52 ± 20.63 | 79.66 ± 17.83 | 18.35 18.75 | −3.88 (<0.001) | 27.49 ± 22.91 | −4.23 (<0.001) | 30.14 (<0.001) | |
FAOS quality of life | 50.63 ± 25.35 | 64.41 ± 24.78 | 71.76 ± 24.30 | 13.79 ± 21.42 | −3.11 (<0.001) | 21.13 ± 22.93 | −3.80 (<0.001) | 20.33 (<0.001) |
Dependent variables | Group (n) | Week 0 (mean ± SD) | Week 1 (mean ± SD) | Week 5 (mean ± SD) | Source | SS | df | Mean square | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VAS score of pain | Acu (n = 29) | 4.79 ± 2.02 | 1.62 ± 0.62 | 1.58 ± 1.89 | Time | 303.30 | 1.66 | 182.28 | 125.67 | <0.001 |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 4.11 ± 1.40 | 1.56 ± 0.64 | 0.97 ± 1.04 | Group×time | 0.50 | 1.66 | 0.30 | 0.21 | 0.774 | |
Degree of edema | Acu (n = 29) | 0.48 ± 0.78 | 2.31 ± 1.86 | 0.26 ± 0.57 | Time | 2.97 | 2 | 1.48 | 8.98 | <0.001 |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 0.56 ± 0.64 | 1.90 ± 1.45 | 0.19 ± 0.43 | Group×time | 0.14 | 2 | 0.07 | 0.41 | 0.662 | |
Total EQ-5D-5 L | Acu (n = 29) | 9.90 ± 2.83 | 7.76 ± 2.32 | 7.00 ± 2.19 | Time | 288.60 | 1.61 | 179.50 | 49.33 | <0.001 |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 9.41 ± 2.37 | 7.19 ± 1.94 | 6.04 ± 1.45 | Group×time | 1.79 | 1.61 | 1.11 | 0.305 | 0.689 | |
Total FAOS | Acu (n = 29) | 318.32 ± 76.72 | 385.00 ± 77.90 | 416.25 ± 74.24 | Time | 338,926.08 | 1.56 | 169,463.04 | 107.76 | <0.001 |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 322.11 ± 65.78 | 402.44 ± 60.10 | 439.65 ± 50.27 | Group×time | 2827.45 | 1.56 | 18,100.11 | 0.90 | 0.389 | |
FAOS symptom/rigidity | Acu (n = 29) | 69.91 ± 16.52 | 82.10 ± 13.94 | 86.30 ± 13.51 | Time | 10,221.41 | 1.69 | 6064.62 | 58.88 | <0.001 |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 68.01 ± 14.46 | 81.44 ± 12.16 | 89.01 ± 10.97 | Group×time | 159.70 | 1.69 | 94.76 | 0.92 | 0.388 | |
FAOS ache | Acu (n = 29) | 68.24 ± 17.18 | 80.90 ± 16.14 | 86.17 ± 16.33 | Time | 11,962.24 | 1.53 | 7832.55 | 78.00 | <0.001 |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 69.39 ± 15.52 | 84.41 ± 11.75 | 91.92 ± 8.96 | Group×time | 147.87 | 1.53 | 96.82 | 0.96 | 0.365 | |
FAOS function everyday life | Acu (n = 29) | 77.38 ± 16.17 | 87.06 ± 13.84 | 92.37 ± 10.98 | Time | 8533.93 | 1.57 | 5428.96 | 61.82 | <0.001 |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 75.93 ± 14.75 | 90.03 ± 10.32 | 95.00 ± 6.71 | Group×time | 168.90 | 1.57 | 107.45 | 1.22 | 0.292 | |
FAOS features sports/ leisure | Acu (n = 29) | 52.17 ± 19.99 | 70.52 ± 20.63 | 79.66 ± 17.83 | Time | 27,533.87 | 1.55 | 17,764.44 | 81.35 | <0.001 |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 50.56 ± 25.34 | 74.27 ± 17.24 | 84.43 ± 14.57 | Group×time | 329.04 | 1.55 | 212.29 | 0.97 | 0.363 | |
FAOS quality of life | Acu (n = 29) | 50.63 ± 25.35 | 64.41 ± 24.78 | 71.76 ± 24.30 | Time | 12,868.12 | 2 | 6364.06 | 28.09 | <0.001 |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 58.22 ± 21.23 | 72.29 ± 23.30 | 79.28 ± 16.16 | Group×time | 0.96 | 2 | 1.97 | 0.002 | 0.998 |
Dependent variables | Group (n) | Week 0 (mean ± SD) | Difference (week 1 – week 0) | Z (P)a | Difference (week 5 – week 0) | Z (P)a | Difference (week 5 – week 1) | Z (P)a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VAS score of pain | Acu (n = 29) | 4.79 ± 2.02 | −2.47 ± 1.86 | −0.25 (0.804) | −3.21 ± 1.99 | −0.52 (0.603) | − 0.74 ± 1.23 | −0.72 (0.471) |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 4.11 ± 1.40 | −2.21 ± 1.58 | −3.14 ± 1.34 | − 0.93 ± 1.07 | ||||
Degree of edema | Acu (n = 29) | 0.48 ± 0.78 | −0.24 ± 0.64 | −0.50 (0.620) | − 0.22 ± 0.60 | −1.11 (0.269) | 0.02 ± 0.44 | −0.87 (0.386) |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 0.56 ± 0.64 | −0.30 ± 0.54 | − 0.36 ± 0.68 | − 0.07 ± 0.52 | ||||
Total EQ-5D-5 L | Acu (n = 29) | 9.90 ± 2.83 | −2.14 ± 2.50 | −0.11 (0.914) | − 2.90 ± 2.54 | −0.95 (0.341) | − 0.76 ± 1.81 | −0.58 (0.561) |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 9.41 ± 2.37 | −2.22 ± 3.06 | −3.37 ± 2.68 | −1.15 ± 1.66 | ||||
Total FAOS | Acu (n = 29) | 318.32 ± 76.72 | 66.67 ± 49.51 | −0.30 (0.762) | 97.92 ± 73.06 | −0.71 (0.476) | 31.25 ± 40.88 | −0.86 (0.389) |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 322.11 ± 65.78 | 80.33 ± 62.74 | 117.54 ± 61.29 | 37.21 ± 41.42 | ||||
FAOS symptom/rigidity | Acu (n = 29) | 69.91 ± 16.52 | 12.19 ± 12.38 | −0.67 (0.948) | 16.39 ± 14.59 | −0.97 (0.332) | 4.19 ± 10.65 | −1.05 (0.295) |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 68.01 ± 14.46 | 13.43 ± 12.82 | 21.00 ± 16.70 | 7.57 ± 11.04 | ||||
FAOS ache | Acu (n = 29) | 68.24 ± 17.18 | 12.66 ± 11.09 | −0.49 (0.622) | 17.93 ± 15.55 | −1.03 (0.301) | 5.27 ± 9.16 | −0.85 (0.396) |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 69.39 ± 15.52 | 15.02 13.59 | 22.53 ± 14.57 | 7.51 ± 8.68 | ||||
FAOS function everyday life | Acu (n = 29) | 77.38 ± 16.17 | 9.68 11.05 | −0.85 (0.398) | 14.99 ± 14.05 | −1.31 (0.189) | 5.31 ± 10.05 | −0.33 (0.736) |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 75.93 ± 14.75 | 14.09 13.20 | 19.07 ± 13.90 | 4.98 ± 6.32 | ||||
FAOS features sports/leisure | Acu (n = 29) | 52.17 ± 19.99 | 18.35 18.75 | −0.87 (0.382) | 27.49 ± 22.91 | −0.86 (0.388) | 9.14 ± 12.11 | −0.35 (0.728) |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 50.56 ± 25.34 | 23.72 ± 20.09 | 33.87 ± 20.47 | 10.16 ± 13.59 | ||||
FAOS quality of life | Acu (n = 29) | 50.63 ± 25.35 | 13.79 ± 21.42 | −0.03 (0.974) | 21.13 ± 22.93 | −0.17 (0.869) | 7.34 ± 16.47 | −0.23 (0.817) |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 58.22 ± 21.23 | 14.07 ± 22.22 | 21.06 ± 21.43 | 6.99 ± 23.42 |
Dependent variables | Group (n) | Week 0 (mean ± SD) | Week 1 (mean ± SD) | Week 5 (mean ± SD) | Difference (week 1 – week 0) | Z (P)a | Difference (week 5 – week 0) | Z (P)a | Difference (week 5 – week 1) | Z (P)a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VAS score of pain | Acu (n = 16) | 4.33 ± 1.82 | 2.32 ± 1.91 | 1.79 ± 2.07 | −2.01 ± 1.96 | −0.84 (0.400) | −2.54 ± 2.13 | − 0.80 (0.426) | − 0.53 ± 1.38 | −0.73 (0.463) |
AcuKT (n = 13) | 4.34 ± 1.56 | 1.97 ± 1.85 | 1.12 ± 1.13 | −2.37 ± 1.84 | −3.08 ± 1.45 | −0.85 ± 1.13 | ||||
Degree of edema | Acu (n = 16) | 0.44 ± 0.89 | 0.31 ± 0.79 | 0.28 ± 0.74 | −0.13 ± 0.72 | −0.38 (0.704) | − 0.16 ± 0.64 | −0.53 (0.600) | − 0.03 ± 0.26 | −0.24 (0.893) |
AcuKT (n = 13) | 0.23 ± 0.60 | 0.08 ± 0.49 | 0.11 ± 0.29 | −0.15 ± 0.38 | −0.11 ± 0.51 | 0.03 ± 0.51 | ||||
Total EQ-5D-5 L | Acu (n = 16) | 9.19 ± 1.60 | 7.69 ± 2.47 | 6.81 ± 2.11 | −1.50 ± 2.34 | −0.45 (0.655) | −2.38 ± 2.45 | −0.33 (0.739) | − 0.88 ± 1.96 | −0.48 (0.630) |
AcuKT (n = 13) | 8.77 ± 2.39 | 6.85 ± 2.08 | 6.31 ± 1.75 | −1.92 ± 3.12 | −2.50 ± 2.62 | −0.54 ± 1.13 | ||||
Total FAOS | Acu (n = 16) | 331.69 ± 43.64 | 395.62 ± 74.82 | 411.52 ± 81.83 | 63.93 ± 59.95 | −0.44 (0.661) | 79.83 ± 71.06 | −0.44 (0.661) | 15.90 ± 22.40 | −0.66 (0.511) |
AcuKT (n = 13) | 349.06 ± 43.64 | 429.66 ± 48.30 | 440.15 ± 48.82 | 81.37 ± 61.03 | 95.26 ± 43.07 | 10.49 ± 37.59 | ||||
FAOS symptom/rigidity | Acu (n = 16) | 73.61 ± 11.58 | 83.67 ± 11.66 | 85.23 ± 13.18 | 10.06 ± 11.46 | −0.88 (0.378) | 11.61 ± 12.27 | −1.92 (0.055) | 1.56 ± 8.56 | −1.24 (0.216) |
AcuKT (n = 13) | 69.19 ± 14.04 | 84.03 ± 12.53 | 90.90 ± 8.20 | 14.84 ± 9.09 | 21.35 ± 13.48 | 6.87 ± 9.52 | ||||
FAOS ache | Acu (n = 16) | 70.78 ± 13.97 | 83.47 ± 14.85 | 85.91 ± 18.06 | 12.69 ± 12.23 | −0.07 (0.947) | 15.13 ± 15.23 | −0.04 (0.965) | 2.44 ± 7.17 | −0.58 (0.562) |
AcuKT (n = 13) | 75.80 ± 16.68 | 88.22 ± 11.42 | 90.79 ± 10.43 | 12.42 ± 10.61 | 15.79 ± 12.04 | 2.56 ± 7.74 | ||||
FAOS function everyday life | Acu (n = 16) | 79.36 ± 9.95 | 90.31 ± 11.54 | 90.88 ± 12.74 | 10.9 ± 9.79 | −0.22 (0.826) | 11.52 ± 10.87 | −0.42 (0.677) | 0.57 ± 3.54 | −0.42 (0.673) |
AcuKT (n = 13) | 79.48 ± 17.97 | 92.83 ± 10.15 | 94.66 ± 7.64 | 13.35 ± 14.40 | 14.33 ± 16.08 | 1.83 ± 5.41 | ||||
FAOS features sports/ leisure | Acu (n = 16) | 52.50 ± 13.29 | 72.19 ± 19.06 | 78.44 ± 20.31 | 19.69 ± 22.02 | −0.86 (0.390) | 25.94 ± 24.51 | −0.18 (0.860) | 6.25 ± 9.75 | −1.03 (0.304) |
AcuKT (n = 13) | 54.62 ± 17.61 | 80.77 ± 17.89 | 83.08 ± 16.01 | 26.92 ± 17.97 | 29.23 ± 14.41 | 2.31 ± 12.18 | ||||
FAOS quality of life | Acu (n = 16) | 55.45 ± 25.10 | 65.99 ± 26.21 | 71.08 ± 28.86 | 10.54 ± 22.56 | −0.22 (0.826) | 15.63 ± 24.36 | −0.13 (0.895) | 5.09 ± 8.60 | −1.09 (0.278) |
AcuKT (n = 13) | 69.98 ± 14.42 | 83.81 ± 20.45 | 80.73 ± 13.41 | 13.83 ± 23.40 | 12.79 ± 19.00 | −3.08 ± 27.89 |
Dependent variables | Group (n) | Week 0 (mean ± SD) | Week 1 (mean ± SD) | Week 5 (mean ± SD) | Difference (week 1 – week 0) | Z (P)a | Difference (week 5 – week 0) | Z (P)a | Difference (week 5 – week 1) | Z (P)a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VAS score of pain | Acu (n = 13) | 5.35 ± 2.17 | 2.31 ± 1.89 | 1.32 ± 1.70 | − 3.04 ± 1.61 | −1.37 (0.170) | −4.03 ± 1.51 | −1.73 (0.083) | −0.99 ± 1.01 | −0.22 (0.825) |
AcuKT (n = 14) | 3.90 ± 1.26 | 1.83 ± 1.01 | 0.83 ± 0.96 | −2.07 ± 1.34 | −3.07 ± 1.32 | −1.00 ± 1.05 | ||||
Degree of edema | Acu (n = 13) | 0.54 ± 0.66 | 0.15 ± 0.69 | 0.23 ± 0.27 | −0.38 ± 0.51 | −0.36 (0.720) | − 0.31 ± 0.56 | −1.18 (0.240) | 0.08 ± 0.60 | −1.06 (0.287) |
AcuKT (n = 14) | 0.86 ± 0.53 | 0.43 ± 0.65 | 0.27 ± 0.52 | 0.43 ± 0.65 | −0.59 ± 0.75 | −0.16 ± 0.53 | ||||
Total EQ-5D-5 L | Acu (n = 13) | 10.77 ± 3.75 | 7.85 ± 2.23 | 7.23 ± 2.35 | −2.92 ± 2.56 | −0.79 (0.430) | −3.54 ± 2.60 | −0.88 (0.378) | − 0.62 ± 1.66 | −1.30 (0.193) |
AcuKT (n = 14) | 10.00 ± 2.29 | 7.50 ± 1.83 | 5.79 ± 1.12 | −2.50 ± 3.08 | −4.21 ± 2.42 | −1.71 ± 1.90 | ||||
Total FAOS | Acu (n = 13) | 301.87 ± 104.02 | 371.92 ± 82.61 | 422.07 ± 66.53 | 70.05 ± 34.70 | −0.05 (0.961) | 120.20 ± 71.90 | −0.44 (0.662) | 50.15 ± 50.70 | −1.02 (0.308) |
AcuKT (n = 14) | 297.09 ± 63.25 | 377.16 ± 60.33 | 439.18 ± 53.42 | 78.74 ± 67.66 | 140.75 ± 68.84 | 62.01 ± 27.40 | ||||
FAOS symptom/rigidity | Acu (n = 13) | 2.62 ± 0.87 | 80.18 ± 16.62 | 87.62 ± 14.33 | 14.82 ± 13.42 | −0.63 (0.527) | 22.26 ± 15.51 | −0.37 (0.715) | 7.44 ± 12.34 | −0.20 (0.845) |
AcuKT (n = 14) | 2.29 ± 0.61 | 79.04 ± 11.74 | 87.26 ± 13.10 | 12.13 ± 15.77 | 20.35 ± 19.42 | 8.22 ± 12.61 | ||||
FAOS ache | Acu (n = 13) | 65.35 ± 20.69 | 77.75 ± 17.68 | 86.50 ± 14.65 | 12.62 ± 9.99 | −0.75 (0.451) | 21.38 ± 15.85 | −1.31 (0.189) | 8.75 ± 10.38 | −1.10 (0.273) |
AcuKT (n = 14) | 66.91 ± 15.28 | 80.87 ± 11.31 | 92.98 ± 7.59 | 17.43 ± 15.89 | 29.54 ± 13.37 | 12.11 ± 6.94 | ||||
FAOS function everyday life | Acu (n = 13) | 65.12 ± 20.62 | 83.06 ± 15.78 | 94.21 ± 8.48 | 8.12 ± 12.65 | −0.80 (0.423) | 19.26 ± 16.65 | −1.07 (0.285) | 11.15 ± 12.38 | −0.17 (0.865) |
AcuKT (n = 14) | 63.44 ± 12.07 | 87.42 ± 10.15 | 95.32 ± 5.99 | 14.78 ± 12.49 | 22.68 ± 10.44 | 7.90 ± 5.81 | ||||
FAOS features sports/leisure | Acu (n = 13) | 51.75 ± 26.67 | 68.46 ± 23.04 | 81.15 ± 14.88 | 16.71 ± 14.47 | −0.39 (0.697) | 29.40 ± 21.59 | −1.07 (0.284) | 12.69 ± 14.09 | −1.10 (0.271) |
AcuKT (n = 14) | 46.79 ± 23.42 | 68.24 ± 14.74 | 85.69 ± 13.57 | 21.46 ± 21.55 | 38.90 ± 24.48 | 17.44 ± 10.66 | ||||
FAOS quality of life | Acu (n = 13) | 44.69 ± 25.36 | 62.48 ± 23.80 | 72.59 ± 18.32 | 17.78 ± 20.08 | −0.34 (0.733) | 27.90 ± 19.88 | −0.05 (0.961) | 10.12 ± 22.91 | −0.57 (0.558) |
AcuKT (n = 14) | 47.30 ± 21.06 | 61.59 ± 21.06 | 77.93 ± 18.77 | 14.29 ± 23.81 | 29.29 ± 22.52 | 16.34 ± 13.54 |
Dependent variables | AcuKT (n = 27) (mean ± SD) | Acu (n = 29) (mean ± SD) | Z (P)a |
---|---|---|---|
Total relapse | 0.33 ± 1.62 | 1.03 ± 2.86 | −1.11 (0.268) |
Week 5 relapse | −0.04 ± 1.06 | 0.31 ± 1.07 | −1.33 (0.185) |
Week 9 relapse | 0.00 ± 0.48 | 0.34 ± 0.86 | −1.44 (0.149) |
Week 13 relapse | 0.22 ± 0.64 | 0.31 ± 0.76 | −0.31 (0.758) |
Week 27 relapse | 0.15 ± 0.82 | 0.07 ± 0.75 | −0.62 (0.535) |
Dependent variables | Group (n) | Week 0 (mean ± SD) | Week 27 (mean ± SD) | Difference (week 27 – week 0) | Z (P)a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total EQ-5D-5 L | Acu (n = 29) | 9.90 ± 2.83 | 6.07 ± 2.48 | −3.83 ± 3.43 | −0.58 |
AcuKT (n = 27) | 9.41 ± 2.37 | 5.52 ± 1.37 | −3.89 ± 2.79 | (0.954) |