Skip to main content
Erschienen in: European Journal of Pediatrics 6/2004

01.06.2004 | Review

Advances in Kawasaki disease

verfasst von: Stanford T. Shulman, Anne H. Rowley

Erschienen in: European Journal of Pediatrics | Ausgabe 6/2004

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Recent studies have increased our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD). The inflammatory infiltrate in KD coronary artery aneurysms has been shown to consist of CD8 T lymphocytes, macrophages, and IgA plasma cells, consistent with an immune response to an intracellular pathogen with a mucosal portal of entry. The identification of an oligoclonal IgA response in the vascular wall and the detection of a KD-associated antigen in inflamed KD tissues using a synthetic antibody derived from KD oligoclonal IgA antibodies have provided new approaches to identification of the etiologic agent. Highly effective therapy has evolved for KD, even in the absence of identification of the etiologic agent. The existence of incomplete KD cases remains a significant diagnostic dilemma for the clinician. Conclusion: the development of a diagnostic test, more specific therapy, and ultimate prevention of this potentially fatal illness of childhood are dependent upon continued advances in determining the etiopathogenesis of this fascinating disorder.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Abe J, Kotzin BL, Jujo K, Melish ME, Glode MP, Kohsaka T, Leung DYM (1992) Selective expansion of T cells expressing T-cell receptor variable regions Vbeta2 and Vbeta8 in Kawasaki disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci 89: 4066–4070PubMed Abe J, Kotzin BL, Jujo K, Melish ME, Glode MP, Kohsaka T, Leung DYM (1992) Selective expansion of T cells expressing T-cell receptor variable regions Vbeta2 and Vbeta8 in Kawasaki disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci 89: 4066–4070PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Amano S, Hazama F, Hamashima Y (1979) Pathology of Kawasaki disease. I. Pathology and morphogenesis of the vascular changes. Jpn Circ J 43: 633–643PubMed Amano S, Hazama F, Hamashima Y (1979) Pathology of Kawasaki disease. I. Pathology and morphogenesis of the vascular changes. Jpn Circ J 43: 633–643PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Amano S, Hazama F, Hamashima Y (1979) Pathology of Kawasaki disease. II. Distribution and incidence of the vascular lesions. Jpn Circ J 43: 741–748PubMed Amano S, Hazama F, Hamashima Y (1979) Pathology of Kawasaki disease. II. Distribution and incidence of the vascular lesions. Jpn Circ J 43: 741–748PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Amano S, Hazama F, Kubagawa H, Tasaka K, Haebara H, Hamashima Y (1980) General pathology of Kawasaki disease. Acta Pathol Jpn 30: 681–694PubMed Amano S, Hazama F, Kubagawa H, Tasaka K, Haebara H, Hamashima Y (1980) General pathology of Kawasaki disease. Acta Pathol Jpn 30: 681–694PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat American Academy of Pediatrics (2003) Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Red Book, 26th edn. American Academy of Pediatrics (2003) Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Red Book, 26th edn.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bell DM, Brink EW, Nitzkin JL, Hall CB, Wulff H, Berkowitz ID, Feorino PM, Holman RC, Huntley CL, Meade RH, Anderson LJ, Cheesman SH, Fiumara NJ, Gilfillan RF, Keim DE, Modlin JF (1981) Kawasaki Syndrome: description of two outbreaks in the United States. N Engl J Med 304: 1568–1575PubMed Bell DM, Brink EW, Nitzkin JL, Hall CB, Wulff H, Berkowitz ID, Feorino PM, Holman RC, Huntley CL, Meade RH, Anderson LJ, Cheesman SH, Fiumara NJ, Gilfillan RF, Keim DE, Modlin JF (1981) Kawasaki Syndrome: description of two outbreaks in the United States. N Engl J Med 304: 1568–1575PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown TJ, Crawford SE, Cornwall M, Garcia F, Shulman ST, Rowley AH (2001) CD8+ T cells and macrophages infiltrate coronary artery aneurysms in acute Kawasaki disease. J Infect Dis 184: 940–943CrossRefPubMed Brown TJ, Crawford SE, Cornwall M, Garcia F, Shulman ST, Rowley AH (2001) CD8+ T cells and macrophages infiltrate coronary artery aneurysms in acute Kawasaki disease. J Infect Dis 184: 940–943CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Burns JC, Shimizu C, Shike H, Bastian JF, Buchanan JA, Yuan J, Newburger J, Sundel RS, Dergun M, Cantor RM (2003) Candidate genes for susceptibility to Kawasaki Disease: analysis of preferentially transmitted alleles inpatient/parent triads. Pediatr Res 53: 325ACrossRef Burns JC, Shimizu C, Shike H, Bastian JF, Buchanan JA, Yuan J, Newburger J, Sundel RS, Dergun M, Cantor RM (2003) Candidate genes for susceptibility to Kawasaki Disease: analysis of preferentially transmitted alleles inpatient/parent triads. Pediatr Res 53: 325ACrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Burns JC, Bastian JF, Mason WH, Janais H, Hauger SB, Wohrley JD (2003) Treatment of refractory Kawasaki syndrome with infliximab. 41st Annual Meeting of Infectious Diseases Society of America, San Diego, CA, Abstract 803 Burns JC, Bastian JF, Mason WH, Janais H, Hauger SB, Wohrley JD (2003) Treatment of refractory Kawasaki syndrome with infliximab. 41st Annual Meeting of Infectious Diseases Society of America, San Diego, CA, Abstract 803
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Choi IH, Chwae YJ, Shim WP, Kim DS, Kwon DH, Kim JD, Kim SJ (1997) Clonal expansion of CD8+ T cells in Kawasaki disease. J Immunol 159: 481–486PubMed Choi IH, Chwae YJ, Shim WP, Kim DS, Kwon DH, Kim JD, Kim SJ (1997) Clonal expansion of CD8+ T cells in Kawasaki disease. J Immunol 159: 481–486PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Curtis N, Zheng R, Lamb JK, Levin M (1995) Evidence for a superantigen mediated process in Kawasaki disease. Arch Dis Child 72: 308–311PubMed Curtis N, Zheng R, Lamb JK, Levin M (1995) Evidence for a superantigen mediated process in Kawasaki disease. Arch Dis Child 72: 308–311PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Dajani AS, Taubert KA, Gerber MA, Shulman ST, Ferrieri P, Freed M (1993) Diagnosis and therapy of Kawasaki disease in children. Circulation 87: 1776–1780 Dajani AS, Taubert KA, Gerber MA, Shulman ST, Ferrieri P, Freed M (1993) Diagnosis and therapy of Kawasaki disease in children. Circulation 87: 1776–1780
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Dale RC, Saleem MA, Daw S, Dillon MJ (2000) Treatment of severe complicated Kawasaki disease with oral prednisolone and aspirin. J Pediatr 137: 723–726CrossRefPubMed Dale RC, Saleem MA, Daw S, Dillon MJ (2000) Treatment of severe complicated Kawasaki disease with oral prednisolone and aspirin. J Pediatr 137: 723–726CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Dean AG, Melish ME, Hicks R (1982) An epidemic of Kawasaki syndrome in Hawaii. J Pediatr 100: 552–557PubMed Dean AG, Melish ME, Hicks R (1982) An epidemic of Kawasaki syndrome in Hawaii. J Pediatr 100: 552–557PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Durongpisitkul K, Soongswang J, Laohaprasitiporn D, Nana A, Prachuabmoh C, Kangkagate C (2003) Immunoglobulin failure and retreatment in Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Cardiol 24: 145–148CrossRefPubMed Durongpisitkul K, Soongswang J, Laohaprasitiporn D, Nana A, Prachuabmoh C, Kangkagate C (2003) Immunoglobulin failure and retreatment in Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Cardiol 24: 145–148CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Freeman AF, Crawford SE, Finn LS, Lopez-Andreu JA, Ferrando-Monleon S, Perez-Tamarit D, Cornwall M, Shulman ST, Rowley AH (2003) Inflammatory pulmonary nodules in Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 36: 102–106CrossRefPubMed Freeman AF, Crawford SE, Finn LS, Lopez-Andreu JA, Ferrando-Monleon S, Perez-Tamarit D, Cornwall M, Shulman ST, Rowley AH (2003) Inflammatory pulmonary nodules in Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 36: 102–106CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Fujiwara H, Fujiwara T, Kao T, Ohshio G, Hamashima Y (1986) Pathology of Kawasaki disease in the healed stage. Relationships between typical and atypical cases of Kawasaki disease. Acta Pathol Jpn 36: 857–867PubMed Fujiwara H, Fujiwara T, Kao T, Ohshio G, Hamashima Y (1986) Pathology of Kawasaki disease in the healed stage. Relationships between typical and atypical cases of Kawasaki disease. Acta Pathol Jpn 36: 857–867PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Furukawa S, Matsubara T, Umezawa Y, Motohashi T, Ino T, Yabuta K (1994) Pentoxifylline and intravenous gamma globulin combination therapy for acute Kawasaki disease. Eur J Pediatr 153: 663–667CrossRefPubMed Furukawa S, Matsubara T, Umezawa Y, Motohashi T, Ino T, Yabuta K (1994) Pentoxifylline and intravenous gamma globulin combination therapy for acute Kawasaki disease. Eur J Pediatr 153: 663–667CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Furusho K, Kamiya T, Nakano H, Kiyosawa N, Shinomiya K, Hayashidera T (1984) High-dose intravenous gamma globulin for Kawasaki disease. Lancet 2: 1055–1058CrossRefPubMed Furusho K, Kamiya T, Nakano H, Kiyosawa N, Shinomiya K, Hayashidera T (1984) High-dose intravenous gamma globulin for Kawasaki disease. Lancet 2: 1055–1058CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Gavin PJ, Crawford SE, Shulman ST, Garcia FL, Rowley AH (2003) Systemic arterial expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in acute Kawasaki disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23: 576–581CrossRefPubMed Gavin PJ, Crawford SE, Shulman ST, Garcia FL, Rowley AH (2003) Systemic arterial expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in acute Kawasaki disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23: 576–581CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Han RK, Silverman ED, Newman A, McCrindle BW (2000) Management and outcome of persistent or recurrent fever after initial intravenous gamma globulin therapy in acute Kawasaki disease. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 154: 694–699PubMed Han RK, Silverman ED, Newman A, McCrindle BW (2000) Management and outcome of persistent or recurrent fever after initial intravenous gamma globulin therapy in acute Kawasaki disease. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 154: 694–699PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Hashino K, Ishii M, Lemura M, Akagi T, Kato H (2001) Re-treatment for immune globulin-resistant Kawasaki disease: a comparative study of additional immune globulin and steroid pulse therapy. Pediatr Int 43: 211–217CrossRefPubMed Hashino K, Ishii M, Lemura M, Akagi T, Kato H (2001) Re-treatment for immune globulin-resistant Kawasaki disease: a comparative study of additional immune globulin and steroid pulse therapy. Pediatr Int 43: 211–217CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirao J, Hibi S, Andoh T, Ichimura T (1997) High levels of circulating interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 in Kawasaki disease. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 112: 152–156PubMed Hirao J, Hibi S, Andoh T, Ichimura T (1997) High levels of circulating interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 in Kawasaki disease. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 112: 152–156PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Kawasaki T (1967) Acute febrile mucocutaneous syndrome with lymphoid involvement with specific desquamation of the fingers and toes in children (in Japanese). Jpn J Allerg 16: 178–222 Kawasaki T (1967) Acute febrile mucocutaneous syndrome with lymphoid involvement with specific desquamation of the fingers and toes in children (in Japanese). Jpn J Allerg 16: 178–222
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Koren G, Lavi S, Rose V, Rowe R (1986) Kawasaki disease: review of risk factors for coronary aneurysms. J Pediatr 108: 388–392PubMed Koren G, Lavi S, Rose V, Rowe R (1986) Kawasaki disease: review of risk factors for coronary aneurysms. J Pediatr 108: 388–392PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Kusakawa S, Heiner DC (1976) Elevated levels of imunoglobulin E in the acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. Pediatr Res 10: 108–111PubMed Kusakawa S, Heiner DC (1976) Elevated levels of imunoglobulin E in the acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. Pediatr Res 10: 108–111PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Landing BH, Larson EJ (1977) Are infantile periarteritis nodosa with coronary artery involvement and fatal mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome the same: comparison of 20 patients from North America with patients from Hawaii and Japan. Pediatrics 59: 651–662PubMed Landing BH, Larson EJ (1977) Are infantile periarteritis nodosa with coronary artery involvement and fatal mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome the same: comparison of 20 patients from North America with patients from Hawaii and Japan. Pediatrics 59: 651–662PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Larkin SM, Williams DN, Osterholm MT, Tofte RW, Posalaky Z (1982) Toxic shock syndrome: clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings in nine fatal cases. Ann Internal Med 96: 858–864 Larkin SM, Williams DN, Osterholm MT, Tofte RW, Posalaky Z (1982) Toxic shock syndrome: clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings in nine fatal cases. Ann Internal Med 96: 858–864
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Leung DYM, Siegel RL, Grady S, Krensky A, Meade R, Reinherz EL, Geha RS (1982) Immunoregulatory abnormalities in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 23: 100–112PubMed Leung DYM, Siegel RL, Grady S, Krensky A, Meade R, Reinherz EL, Geha RS (1982) Immunoregulatory abnormalities in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 23: 100–112PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Leung DYM, Meissner HC, Fulton DR, Murray DL, Kotzin BL, Schlievert PM (1993) Toxic shock syndrome toxin-secreting Staphylococcus aureus in Kawasaki syndrome. Lancet 342: 1385–1388CrossRefPubMed Leung DYM, Meissner HC, Fulton DR, Murray DL, Kotzin BL, Schlievert PM (1993) Toxic shock syndrome toxin-secreting Staphylococcus aureus in Kawasaki syndrome. Lancet 342: 1385–1388CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Leung DY, Meissner HC, Shulman ST, Mason WH, Gerber MA, Glode MP, Myones BL, Wheeler JG, Ruthazer R, Schlievert PM (2002) Prevalence of superantigen-secreting bacteria in patients with Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr 140: 742–746CrossRefPubMed Leung DY, Meissner HC, Shulman ST, Mason WH, Gerber MA, Glode MP, Myones BL, Wheeler JG, Ruthazer R, Schlievert PM (2002) Prevalence of superantigen-secreting bacteria in patients with Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr 140: 742–746CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin CY, Hwang B (1987) Serial immunologic studies in patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease). Ann Allergy 59: 291–297PubMed Lin CY, Hwang B (1987) Serial immunologic studies in patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease). Ann Allergy 59: 291–297PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin CY, Lin CC, Hwang B, Chiang B (1992) Serial changes of serum interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha among patients with Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr 121: 924–926PubMed Lin CY, Lin CC, Hwang B, Chiang B (1992) Serial changes of serum interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha among patients with Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr 121: 924–926PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Linderholm M, Ahlm C, Settergren B, Waage A, Tarnvik A (1996) Elevated plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble TNF receptors, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. J Infect Dis 173: 38–43PubMed Linderholm M, Ahlm C, Settergren B, Waage A, Tarnvik A (1996) Elevated plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble TNF receptors, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. J Infect Dis 173: 38–43PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Mancia L, Wahlstrom J, Schiller B, Chini L, Elinder G, D’Argenio P,Gigliotti D, Wigzell H, Rossi P, Grunewald J (1998) Characterization of the T-cell receptor V-beta repertoire in Kawasaki disease. Scand J Immunol 48: 443–449CrossRefPubMed Mancia L, Wahlstrom J, Schiller B, Chini L, Elinder G, D’Argenio P,Gigliotti D, Wigzell H, Rossi P, Grunewald J (1998) Characterization of the T-cell receptor V-beta repertoire in Kawasaki disease. Scand J Immunol 48: 443–449CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Melish ME, Hicks RM, Larson EJ (1976) Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in the United States. Am J Dis Child 130: 599–607PubMed Melish ME, Hicks RM, Larson EJ (1976) Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in the United States. Am J Dis Child 130: 599–607PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Melish ME, Parsonett J, Marchette N (1994) Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is not caused by toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1)+ staphylococci. Pediatr Res 35: 187A Melish ME, Parsonett J, Marchette N (1994) Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is not caused by toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1)+ staphylococci. Pediatr Res 35: 187A
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Burns JC, Beiser AS, Duffy CE, Glode MP (1986) The treatment of Kawasaki syndrome with intravenous gamma globulin. N Engl J Med 315: 341–347PubMed Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Burns JC, Beiser AS, Duffy CE, Glode MP (1986) The treatment of Kawasaki syndrome with intravenous gamma globulin. N Engl J Med 315: 341–347PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Beiser AS, Burns JC, Bastian J, Chung KJ, Colan SD, Duffy CE, Fulton DR, Glode MP, Mason WH, Meissner HC, Rowley AH, Shulman ST, Reddy V, Sundel RP, Wiggins JW, Colton T, Melish ME, Rosen FS (1991) A single intravenous infusion of gamma globulin as compared with four infusions in the treatment of acute Kawasaki syndrome. N Engl J Med 324: 1633–1639PubMed Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Beiser AS, Burns JC, Bastian J, Chung KJ, Colan SD, Duffy CE, Fulton DR, Glode MP, Mason WH, Meissner HC, Rowley AH, Shulman ST, Reddy V, Sundel RP, Wiggins JW, Colton T, Melish ME, Rosen FS (1991) A single intravenous infusion of gamma globulin as compared with four infusions in the treatment of acute Kawasaki syndrome. N Engl J Med 324: 1633–1639PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Peters RJ, Mehta SR, Fox KA, Zhao F, Lewis BS, Kopecky SL (2003) Effects of aspirin dose when used alone or in combination with clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes: observations from the Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events (CURE) study. Circulation 108: 1682–1687CrossRefPubMed Peters RJ, Mehta SR, Fox KA, Zhao F, Lewis BS, Kopecky SL (2003) Effects of aspirin dose when used alone or in combination with clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes: observations from the Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events (CURE) study. Circulation 108: 1682–1687CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Pietra BA, DeInocencio J, Giannini EH, Hirsch R (1994) TCR Vbeta family repertoire and T cell activation markers in Kawasaki disease. J Immunol 153: 1881–1888PubMed Pietra BA, DeInocencio J, Giannini EH, Hirsch R (1994) TCR Vbeta family repertoire and T cell activation markers in Kawasaki disease. J Immunol 153: 1881–1888PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenfeld EA, Corydon K, Shulman ST (1995) Kawasaki disease in infants under one year of age. J Pediatr 126: 4 Rosenfeld EA, Corydon K, Shulman ST (1995) Kawasaki disease in infants under one year of age. J Pediatr 126: 4
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Rowley AH, Gonzalez-Crussi F, Gidding SS, Duffy CE, Shulman ST (1987) Incomplete Kawasaki syndrome with coronary artery disease. J Pediatr 110: 409–413PubMed Rowley AH, Gonzalez-Crussi F, Gidding SS, Duffy CE, Shulman ST (1987) Incomplete Kawasaki syndrome with coronary artery disease. J Pediatr 110: 409–413PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Rowley AH, Eckerley CA, Jack H-M, Shulman ST, Baker SC (1997) IgA plasma cells in vascular tissue of patients with Kawasaki syndrome. J Immunol 159: 5946–5955PubMed Rowley AH, Eckerley CA, Jack H-M, Shulman ST, Baker SC (1997) IgA plasma cells in vascular tissue of patients with Kawasaki syndrome. J Immunol 159: 5946–5955PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Rowley AH, Shulman ST, Mask CA, Finn LS, Terai M, Baker SC, Galliani CA, Takahashi K, Naoe S, Kalelkar MB, Crawford SE (2000) IgA plasma cell infiltration of proximal respiratory tract, pancreas, kidney, and coronary artery in acute Kawasaki disease. J Infect Dis 182: 1183–1191PubMed Rowley AH, Shulman ST, Mask CA, Finn LS, Terai M, Baker SC, Galliani CA, Takahashi K, Naoe S, Kalelkar MB, Crawford SE (2000) IgA plasma cell infiltration of proximal respiratory tract, pancreas, kidney, and coronary artery in acute Kawasaki disease. J Infect Dis 182: 1183–1191PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Rowley AH, Shulman ST, Spike BT, Mask CA, Baker SC (2001) Oligoclonal IgA response in the vascular wall in acute Kawasaki disease. J Immunol 166: 1334–1343PubMed Rowley AH, Shulman ST, Spike BT, Mask CA, Baker SC (2001) Oligoclonal IgA response in the vascular wall in acute Kawasaki disease. J Immunol 166: 1334–1343PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Rowley AH, Guzman-Cottrill JA, Garcia FL, Crawford SE, Shulman ST (2003) Synthetic Kawasaki Disease (KD) antibodies bind to acute fatal KD tissues. Ped Res 53: 308A Rowley AH, Guzman-Cottrill JA, Garcia FL, Crawford SE, Shulman ST (2003) Synthetic Kawasaki Disease (KD) antibodies bind to acute fatal KD tissues. Ped Res 53: 308A
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Shulman ST (2003) Kawasaki disease. In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, Demmler GJ, Kaplan SL (eds) Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases, 5th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1055–1074 Shulman ST (2003) Kawasaki disease. In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, Demmler GJ, Kaplan SL (eds) Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases, 5th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1055–1074
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Shulman ST (2003) Is there a role for corticosteroids in Kawasaki Disease? J Pediatr 142: 601–603CrossRefPubMed Shulman ST (2003) Is there a role for corticosteroids in Kawasaki Disease? J Pediatr 142: 601–603CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Shulman ST, Melish M, Inoue O, Kato H, Tomita S (1993) Immunoglobulin allotypic markers in Kawasaki disease. J Pediatrics 122: 84–86 Shulman ST, Melish M, Inoue O, Kato H, Tomita S (1993) Immunoglobulin allotypic markers in Kawasaki disease. J Pediatrics 122: 84–86
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Sundel RP, Baker AL, Fulton DR, Newburger JW (2003) Corticosteroids in the initial treatment of Kawasaki disease: report of a randomized trial. J Pediatr 142: 611–616CrossRefPubMed Sundel RP, Baker AL, Fulton DR, Newburger JW (2003) Corticosteroids in the initial treatment of Kawasaki disease: report of a randomized trial. J Pediatr 142: 611–616CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Takagi N, Kihara M, Yamaguchi S, Tamura K, Yabana M, Tokita Y (1995) Plasma exchange in Kawasaki disease. Lancet 346: 1307CrossRef Takagi N, Kihara M, Yamaguchi S, Tamura K, Yabana M, Tokita Y (1995) Plasma exchange in Kawasaki disease. Lancet 346: 1307CrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Taubert KA, Rowley AH, Shulman ST (1991) Nationwide survey of Kawasaki disease and acute rheumatic fever. J Pediatr 119: 279-282PubMed Taubert KA, Rowley AH, Shulman ST (1991) Nationwide survey of Kawasaki disease and acute rheumatic fever. J Pediatr 119: 279-282PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Terai M, Shulman ST (1997) Prevalence of coronary artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease is highly dependent on gamma globulin dose but independent of salicylate dose. J Pediatr 131: 888–893PubMed Terai M, Shulman ST (1997) Prevalence of coronary artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease is highly dependent on gamma globulin dose but independent of salicylate dose. J Pediatr 131: 888–893PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Terai M, Kohno Y, Niwa K, Toba T, Sakurai N, Nakajima H (1987) Imbalance among T-cell subsets in patients with coronary arterial aneurysms in Kawasaki disease. Am J Cardiol 60: 555–559PubMed Terai M, Kohno Y, Niwa K, Toba T, Sakurai N, Nakajima H (1987) Imbalance among T-cell subsets in patients with coronary arterial aneurysms in Kawasaki disease. Am J Cardiol 60: 555–559PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Terai M, Miwa K, Williams T, Kabat W, Fukuyama M, Okajima Y, Igarashi H, Shulman ST (1995) The absence of evidence of staphylococcal toxin involvement in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease. J Infect Dis 172: 558–561PubMed Terai M, Miwa K, Williams T, Kabat W, Fukuyama M, Okajima Y, Igarashi H, Shulman ST (1995) The absence of evidence of staphylococcal toxin involvement in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease. J Infect Dis 172: 558–561PubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Ueno Y, Takano N, Kanegane H, Yokoi T, Yachie A, Miyawaki T, Taniguchi N (1989) The acute phase nature of interleukin 6: studies in Kawasaki disease and other febrile illnesses. Clin Exp Immunol 76: 337–342PubMed Ueno Y, Takano N, Kanegane H, Yokoi T, Yachie A, Miyawaki T, Taniguchi N (1989) The acute phase nature of interleukin 6: studies in Kawasaki disease and other febrile illnesses. Clin Exp Immunol 76: 337–342PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Wallace CA, French JW, Kahn SJ, Sherry DD (2000) Initial intravenous gamma globulin treatment failure in Kawasaki disease. Pediatrics 105: E78PubMed Wallace CA, French JW, Kahn SJ, Sherry DD (2000) Initial intravenous gamma globulin treatment failure in Kawasaki disease. Pediatrics 105: E78PubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Williams RV, Wilke VM, Tani LY, Minich LL (2002) Does abciximab enhance regression of coronary aneurysms resulting from Kawasaki disease? Pediatrics 109: E4PubMed Williams RV, Wilke VM, Tani LY, Minich LL (2002) Does abciximab enhance regression of coronary aneurysms resulting from Kawasaki disease? Pediatrics 109: E4PubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Wright DA, Newburger JW, Baker A, Sundel RP (1996) Treatment of immune globulin-resistant Kawasaki disease with pulsed doses of corticosteroids. J Pediatr 128: 146–149PubMed Wright DA, Newburger JW, Baker A, Sundel RP (1996) Treatment of immune globulin-resistant Kawasaki disease with pulsed doses of corticosteroids. J Pediatr 128: 146–149PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Yanagawa H, Nakamura Y, Yashiro M, Oki I, Hirata S, Zhang T (2001) Incidence survey of Kawasaki disease in 1997 and 1998 in Japan. Pediatrics 107: E33PubMed Yanagawa H, Nakamura Y, Yashiro M, Oki I, Hirata S, Zhang T (2001) Incidence survey of Kawasaki disease in 1997 and 1998 in Japan. Pediatrics 107: E33PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Advances in Kawasaki disease
verfasst von
Stanford T. Shulman
Anne H. Rowley
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2004
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
European Journal of Pediatrics / Ausgabe 6/2004
Print ISSN: 0340-6199
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1076
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-004-1431-z

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2004

European Journal of Pediatrics 6/2004 Zur Ausgabe

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

07.05.2024 Medizinstudium Nachrichten

Extreme Arbeitsverdichtung und kaum Supervision: Dr. Andrea Martini, Sprecherin des Bündnisses Junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte (BJÄ) über den Frust des ärztlichen Nachwuchses und die Vorteile des Rucksack-Modells.

Häufigste Gründe für Brustschmerzen bei Kindern

06.05.2024 Pädiatrische Diagnostik Nachrichten

Akute Brustschmerzen sind ein Alarmsymptom par exellence, schließlich sind manche Auslöser lebensbedrohlich. Auch Kinder klagen oft über Schmerzen in der Brust. Ein Studienteam ist den Ursachen nachgegangen.

Endlich: Zi zeigt, mit welchen PVS Praxen zufrieden sind

IT für Ärzte Nachrichten

Darauf haben viele Praxen gewartet: Das Zi hat eine Liste von Praxisverwaltungssystemen veröffentlicht, die von Nutzern positiv bewertet werden. Eine gute Grundlage für wechselwillige Ärzte und Psychotherapeuten.

Durch übermäßige Internetnutzung wird oft die Schule verpasst

Häufige Fehlzeiten in der Schule können durch physische und psychische Probleme verursacht werden. Wie in einer Studie aus Finnland nun belegt wird, führt auch die exzessive Nutzung des Internets gehäuft zu Abwesenheiten.

Update Pädiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.