Background
Nurse-led health promotion program to prevent chronic disease and related cancers
Issues of ABC
Methods
Design, sample and setting
Procedure and ethical considerations
Instruments
Statistical analysis
Results
Demographics and health related behavior
ABC consumption is associated with personal factors and health promoting behavior
Variables | Alcohol | Betel-nut | Cigarette |
---|---|---|---|
Consumption N (%) | |||
Less1/Regular2
| Less1/Regular2
| Less1/Regular2
| |
Mean, median, range | 23, 20, 12 ~ 71 | 24, 21, 13 ~ 65 | 21, 20, 10 ~ 71 |
Gender |
χ
2 =906.7*** |
χ
2 =1077.1*** |
χ
2 =1636.4*** |
Female | 2880 (83.7) 560 (16.3) | 3394 (97.8) 75 (2.2) | 3283 (94.8) 180 (5.2) |
Male | 1160 (46.8) 1319 (53.2) | 1780 (67.3) 866 (32.7) | 1332 (49.8) 1341 (50.2) |
Educational level |
χ
2 =267.6*** |
χ
2 =147.7*** |
χ
2 =131.8*** |
<=middle school | 2542 (76.8) 770 (23.2) | 2849 (82.5) 606 (17.5) | 2652 (76.7) 804 (23.3) |
=high school | 658 (54.2) 557 (45.8) | 1002 (79.4) 260 (20.6) | 810 (63.7) 462 (36.3) |
> = college | 807 (59.6) 546 (40.4) | 1288 (94.8) 70 (5.2) | 1124 (82.3) 242 (17.7) |
Age (years) |
χ
2 =257.5*** |
χ
2 =29.1*** |
χ
2 =57.0*** |
20 ~ 39 | 1229 (59.1) 852 (40.9) | 1826 (86.6) 283 (13.4) | 1541 (72.5) 585(27.5) |
40 ~ 64 | 1683 (66.9) 832 (33.1) | 2167 (81.7) 484 (18.3) | 1945 (73.4) 705 (26.6) |
65~ | 1138 (85.1) 200 (14.9) | 1193 (87.0) 178 (13.3) | 1141 (82.9) 235 (17.1) |
Economic status3
|
χ
2 =20.7*** |
χ
2 =36.9*** |
χ
2 =16.1*** |
Good | 80 (70.8) 33 (29.2) | 103 (88.8) 13 (11.2) | 93 (80.2) 23 (19.8) |
Fair/not bad | 3091 (66.8) 1537 (33.2) | 4092 (85.9) 673 (14.1) | 3646 (76.2) 1137 (23.8) |
Poor/bad | 795 (73.8) 282 (26,2) | 892 (78.8) 240 (21.2) | 802 (70.8) 330 (29.2) |
Physical activity4
|
χ
2 =8.3** |
χ
2 =15.5*** |
χ
2 =14.1*** |
Not often | 2138 (69.9) 919 (30.1) | 2630 (82.8) 545 (17.2) | 2332 (73.2) 853 (26.8) |
Often | 1912 (66.5) 965 (33.5) | 2556 (86.6) 400 (13.5) | 2295 (77.4) 672 (22.6) |
Vegetable and fruit |
χ
2 =34.1*** |
χ
2 =25.5*** |
χ
2 =50.6*** |
Not often | 3506 (67.2) 1709 (32.8) | 4536 (84.0) 863 (16.0) | 4019 (74.2) 1400 (25.8) |
Often | 447 (79.3) 117 (20.7) | 528 (92.0) 46 (8.0) | 502 (87.6) 71 (12.4) |
Dental check-up |
χ
2 =27.2*** |
χ
2 =51.6*** |
χ
2 =23.7*** |
Not regular | 2158 (71.4) 863 (28.6) | 2583 (81.8) 574 (18.2) | 2309 (73.0) 852 (27.0) |
Regular5
| 1584 (64.8) 859 (35.2) | 2203 (88.7) 280 (11.3) | 1963 (78.6) 533 (21.4) |
Tooth brush |
χ
2 =0.4 |
χ
2 =38.4*** |
χ
2 =19.3*** |
Incorrect | 2967 (68.0) 1395 (32.0) | 3754 (82.9) 775 (17.1) | 3356 (73.8) 1193 (26.2) |
Correct | 1083 (68.9) 489 (31.1) | 1432 (89.4) 170 (10.6) | 1271 (79.3) 332 (20.7) |
Tooth brush6
| t value = 5.4*** | t value = 7.0*** | t value = 8.2*** |
(mean, sd) | 1.82 (0.7) 1.69 (0.6) | 1.80 (0.7) 1.60 (0.7) | 1.82 (0.7) 1.62 (0.6) |
95% CI | .08 ~ .17 | .15 ~ .27 | .16 ~ .26 |
Variables | Number of betel-nut and/or cigarette consumption1
|
χ
2
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | ||
B3user: 17% C4user: 26% | BC user: 14% | |||
Gender | 1761.2*** | |||
Female | 3228 (93.4) | 206 (6.0) | 23 (0.7) | |
Male | 1214 (46.1) | 670 (25.5) | 748 (28.4) | |
Educational level | 169.9*** | |||
<=middle school | 2517 (73.2) | 448 (13.0) | 472 (13.7) | |
=high school | 784 (62.4) | 238 (18.9) | 235 (18.7) | |
> = college | 1113 (82.1) | 182 (13.4) | 60 (4.4) | |
Age (years) | 44.5*** | |||
20 ~ 39 | 1513 (72.2) | 327 (15.6) | 257 (12.3) | |
40 ~ 64 | 1854 (70.3) | 391 (14.8) | 393 (14.9) | |
65~ | 1086 (79.3) | 160 (11.7) | 124 (9.1) | |
Economic status | 34.4*** | |||
Good | 89 (76.7) | 18 (15.5) | 9 (7.8) | |
Not bad | 3522 (74.2) | 674 (14.2) | 551 (11.6) | |
Difficult/very bad | 759 (67.5) | 168 (14.9) | 198 (17.6) | |
Physical activity2
| 20.1*** | |||
Not often | 2242 (71.0) | 458 (14.5) | 457 (14.5) | |
Often | 2211 (75.0) | 420 (14.2) | 317 (10.8) | |
Vegetable and fruit | 56.3*** | |||
Not often | 3858 (71.8) | 813 (15.1) | 706 (13.1) | |
Often | 494 (86.4) | 40 (7.0) | 38 (6.6) | |
Dental check-up | 44.4*** | |||
Not regular | 2199 (70.0) | 479 (15.2) | 463 (14.7) | |
Regular | 1911 (77.1) | 334 (13.5) | 233 (9.4) | |
Tooth brush- | 32.9*** | |||
Incorrect | 3209 (71.2) | 670 (14.9) | 630 (14.0) | |
Correct | 1244 (77.9) | 208 (13.0) | 144 (9.0) | |
Frequency of tooth brush | F = 38.6*** | |||
(mean, SD) | 1.83 (0.7) | 1.64 (0.6) | 1.58 (0.6) | Scheffe |
95% CI | 1.80 ~ 1.85 | 1.58 ~ 1.70 | 1.53 ~ 1.64 | 0 > 1 > 2 |
Correlation of betel nut and cigarette consumption
Variables | β | Odds ratio | 95% CI |
P
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
Male | 2.28 | 9.77 | 8.08 ~ 11.82 | <.001 |
Female* | ||||
Educational level | ||||
<=middle school | .50 | 1.65 | 1.25 ~ 2.18 | <.001 |
=high school | .91 | 2.49 | 1.93 ~ 3.22 | <.001 |
> = college* | ||||
Age (years) | ||||
20 ~ 39 | .85 | 2.34 | 1.72 ~ 3.19 | <.001 |
40 ~ 64 | .61 | 1.85 | 1.45 ~ 2.34 | <.001 |
65 ~ * | ||||
Economic status | ||||
Poor/bad | .56 | 1.75 | 0.93 ~ 3.29 | .08 |
Fair/not bad | .26 | 1.30 | 0.72 ~ 2.34 | .39 |
Good * | ||||
Physical activity | ||||
Not often | .22 | 1.25 | 1.04 ~ 1.49 | .013 |
Often* | ||||
Dental check-up | ||||
Not regular | .31 | 1.29 | 1.02 ~ 1.63 | .001 |
Regular* | ||||
Tooth brush | ||||
Incorrect | .35 | 1.42 | 1.12 ~ 1.80 | .004 |
Correct* |