Background
Methods
Setting
Participants
Instruments
Analysis
Results
Characteristics | N (%) |
---|---|
Diagnosis | |
Hemophilia A | 169 (77.5) |
Hemophilia B | 49 (22.5) |
Gender | |
Male | 174 (79.5) |
Female | 24 (11.0) |
Age, mean (sd) | 35.45 (12.3) |
Race/Ethnicity | |
White/Caucasian | 150 (68.5) |
Othera | 47 (21.5) |
Marital Status | |
Never Married | 66 (30.1) |
Married | 98 (44.7) |
Otherb | 34 (20.1) |
Education level | |
Less than high school | 9 (4.1) |
High school or technical school | 30 (13.7) |
College degree | 128 (58.4) |
Masters degree | 17 (7.8) |
Doctoral degree | 6 (2.7) |
Professional degree | 8 (3.7) |
Employment Status | |
Employed/self–employed full time | 103 (47.0) |
Employed part–time | 23 (10.5) |
On disability | 16 (7.3) |
Otherc | 56 (25.6) |
Region of the country | |
Northeast | 46 (21.0) |
Midwest | 40 (18.3) |
South | 54 (24.7) |
West | 58 (26.5) |
Health Insurance | |
Public | 61 (27.9) |
Private | 113 (51.6) |
Both | 6 (2.7) |
None | 18 (8.2) |
Symptom Severitye | |
No symptoms | 31 (14.2) |
Mild symptoms | 67 (30.6) |
Moderate symptoms | 61 (27.9) |
Severe symptoms | 39 (17.8) |
Treatment Regimen | |
Always received on prophylaxis therapy | 121 (55.3) |
Received both prophylaxis and on-demand therapy | 31 (14.2) |
Always received on on-demand therapy | 45 (20.5) |
Number of bleeding episodes in the past year, mean (sd) | 11.69 (19.1) |
Hemophilia-related surgery | |
Yes | 73 (33.3) |
No | 124 (56.6) |
Comorbidities | |
Hepatitis C | 80 (36.5) |
HIVd | 26 (11.9) |
Depression | 84 (38.4) |
Inhibitors to clotting factor | 41 (18.7) |
Annual number of hemophilia-related visits, mean (sd) | |
Hemophilia Treatment Center (HTC) | 2.23 (3.1) |
Hematologist outside a HTC | 0.83 (1.8) |
Primary Care Practitioner | 2.42 (4.2) |
Items | N | Missing | Mean (SD) | Skewness | Kurtosis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statistic | Std. error | Statistic | Std. error | ||||
Health in general (GH01) | 218 | 0 | 2.89 (0.94) | 0.28 | 0.164 | −0.22 | 0.327 |
Limitation in moderate activities (PF02) | 218 | 0 | 2.25 (0.68) | −0.36 | 0.164 | −0.86 | 0.327 |
Limitation in climbing stairs (PF03) | 218 | 0 | 2.17 (0.78) | −0.3 | 0.164 | −1.00 | 0.327 |
Accomplished less due to physical health (RP04) | 218 | 0 | 3.32 (1.27) | −0.24 | 0.164 | −0.88 | 0.327 |
Limited in health due to physical health (RP05) | 218 | 0 | 3.25 (1.26) | −0.12 | 0.164 | −0.96 | 0.327 |
Pain interfered with work (BP08) | 218 | 0 | 2.91 (1.18) | 0.09 | 0.164 | −0.94 | 0.327 |
Have a lot of energy (VT10) | 218 | 0 | 3.09 (1.03) | 0.1 | 0.164 | −0.50 | 0.327 |
Physical health or emotional problems interfered with social activities (SF12) | 218 | 0 | 3.57 (1.12) | −0.43 | 0.164 | −0.42 | 0.327 |
Accomplished less due to emotional problems (RE06) | 218 | 0 | 3.55 (1.29) | −0.46 | 0.164 | −0.95 | 0.327 |
Less careful due to emotional problems (RE07) | 218 | 0 | 3.80 (1.20) | −0.63 | 0.164 | −0.62 | 0.327 |
Felt calm and peaceful (MH09) | 218 | 0 | 2.62 (0.98) | 0.42 | 0.164 | −0.36 | 0.327 |
Felt downhearted and depressed (MH11) | 218 | 0 | 3.65 (1.10) | −0.55 | 0.164 | −0.47 | 0.327 |
PCS score | 218 | 0 | 43.68 (10.20) | −0.62 | 0.164 | 0.61 | 0.327 |
MCS score | 218 | 0 | 46.48 (10.09) | −0.72 | 0.165 | 1.23 | 0.328 |
Fit Statistics | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Chi-square (df) | 531.807 (53) | 340.418 (49) | 172.778 (48) |
CFI | 0.896 | 0.936 | 0.972 |
TLI | 0.870 | 0.914 | 0.962 |
RMSEA (90% CI) | 0.203 (0.188–0.219) | 0.165 (0.149–0.182) | 0.109 (0.092–0.127) |
WRMR | 2.011 | 1.409 | 0.947 |
Items | Estimateˠ (SE) |
---|---|
Latent Physical Factor | |
Health in general (GH01) | −0.734 (0.040) |
Limitation in moderate activities (PF02) | 0.848 (0.028) |
Limitation in climbing stairs (PF03) | 0.758 (0.038) |
Accomplished less due to physical health (RP04) | 0.842 (0.025) |
Limited in health due to physical health (RP05) | 0.831 (0.026) |
Pain interfered with work (BP08) | −0.785 (0.030) |
Latent Mental Factor | |
Accomplished less due to emotional problems (RE06) | 0.766 (0.044) |
Less careful due to emotional problems (RE07) | 0.726 (0.037) |
Felt calm and peaceful (MH09) | −0.443 (0.054) |
Have a lot of energy (VT10) | −0.575 (0.048) |
Felt downhearted and depressed (MH11) | 0.627 (0.040) |
Physical health or emotional problems interfered with social activities (SF12) | 0.878 (0.028) |
Latent Factor Correlation | |
Latent Physical Factor with Latent Mental Factor | 0.829 (0.039) |
Correlated Residuals | |
Item PF02 with PF03 | 0.355 (0.091) |
Item RP04 with RP05 | 0.591 (0.047) |
Item RE06 with RE07 | 0.627 (0.041) |
Item MH09 with VT10 | 0.552 (0.054) |
Item MH09 with MH 11 | −0.323 (0.049) |
GH | PF | RP | RE | BP | MH | VT | SF | PCS | MCS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GH | ||||||||||
GH01 | −.990** | −.592** | −.575** | −.292** | −.455** | −.323** | −.502** | −.418** | −.737** | −.266** |
PF | ||||||||||
PF02 | .525** | .892** | .651** | .469** | .555** | .335** | .339** | .588** | .759** | .282** |
PF03 | .540** | .918** | .587** | .291** | .514** | .285** | .338** | .444** | .791** | .137* |
RP | ||||||||||
RP04 | .541** | .642** | .955** | .554** | .600** | .315** | .302** | .554** | .761** | .321** |
RP05 | .543** | .659** | .955** | .522** | .575** | .315** | .327** | .539** | .769** | .304** |
RE | ||||||||||
RE06 | .258** | .383** | .562** | .945** | .431** | .472** | .300** | .584** | .258** | .742** |
RE07 | .275** | .394** | .495** | .936** | .457** | .450** | .287** | .546** | .258** | .717** |
BP | ||||||||||
BP08 | −.454** | −.588** | −.615** | −.472** | − 1.00** | −.376** | −.391** | −.577** | −.736** | −.350** |
MH | ||||||||||
MH09 | −.364** | −.261** | −.210** | −.285** | −.342** | −.834** | −.599** | −.376** | −.159* | −.671** |
MH11 | .173* | .318** | .346** | .538** | .303** | .872** | .313** | .490** | .095 | .761** |
VT | ||||||||||
VT10 | −.485** | −.374** | −.329** | −.312** | −.391** | −.524** | − 1.00** | −.425** | −.371** | −.592** |
SF | ||||||||||
SF12 | .414** | .554** | .573** | .602** | .577** | .511** | .425** | 1.00** | .494** | .662** |
Component | Group 1 No symptoms (N = 31) | Group 2 Mild Symptoms (N = 67) | Group 3 Moderate Symptoms (N = 61) | Group 4 Severe Symptoms (N = 39) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p-value | |
Physical Component Summary Score (PCS) | 50.10 (7.92)ˠ | 47.39 (8.25)* | 40.79 (8.59)ˠ*¥ | 35.24 (10.78)ˠ*¥ | < 0.0001 |
Mental Component Summary Score (MCS) | 50.61 (8.23)√ | 46.80 (9.53) | 46.96 (9.27) | 42.29 (12.28)√ | 0.007 |