Background
Methods
Plant material and extraction
Chemicals for antimicrobial assay
Microbial strains and culture media
INT colorimetric assay for MIC and MBC determinations
Results
Bacterial strains | Tested samples, MIC and MBC (μg/mL) | ||
---|---|---|---|
NPB | NPL | CHL | |
Escherichia coli
| |||
ATCC8739 | 512 (>1024) | 128 (>1024) | 8 (256) |
ATCC10536 | 32 (1024) | 256 (>1024) | 16 (32) |
W 3110 | 1024 (>1024) | >1024 | 64 (128) |
MC4100 | 256 (>1024) | 256 (>1024) | 128 (128) |
AG100 A | 1024 (>1024) | 1024 (>1024) | 64 (64) |
AG100Atet | 256 (256) | 512 (1024) | 64 (128) |
AG102 | 1024 (>1024) | 512 (>1024) | 64 (64) |
AG100 | 64 (256) | 512 (>1024) | 16 (64) |
Enterobacter aerogenes
| |||
ATCC13048 | 1024 (>1024) | 1024 (>1024) | 8 (32) |
EA294 | 1024 (>1024) | >1024 | 16 (128) |
CM64 | 1024 (>1024) | >1024 | 128 (>256) |
EA298 | 64 (1024) | 1024 (1024) | 256 (>256) |
EA27 | 512 (>1024) | 256 (>1024) | >256 |
EA289 | >1024 | 1024 (>1024) | 256 (>256) |
EA3 | 512 (>1024) | 1024 (>1024) | >256 |
Klebsiella pneumoniae
| |||
ATCC11296 | 256 (>1024) | 256 (>1024) | 8 (256) |
KP55 | 128 (>1024) | 128 (>1024) | 32 (128) |
KP63 | 1024 (>1024) | 256 (>1024) | 128 (>256) |
K2 | 512 (>1024) | >1024 | 64 (256) |
K24 | 1024 (>1024) | 512 (>1024) | 32 (256) |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
| |||
PA01 | >1024 | 1024 (>1024) | 128 (>256) |
PA124 | 1024 (>1024) | >1024 | 256 (>256) |
Providencia stuartii
| |||
ATCC29916 | 1024 (>1024) | >1024 | 16 (32) |
PS2636 | 512 (1024) | >1024 | 32 (32) |
PS299645 | 1024 (>1024) | 512 (1024) | 32 (256) |
NEA16 | 512 (>1024) | 512 (>1024) | 256 (>256) |
Enterobacter cloacae
| |||
BM47 | 1024 (>1024) | >1024 | 256 (>256) |
ECCI69 | 256 (512) | 512 (1024) | >256 |
BM67 | >1024 | >1024 | 256 (>256) |
Bacterial strains | Compounds, MIC and MBC (in bracket) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
Escherichia coli
| ||||||
ATCC8739 | 256 (>256) | >256 | >256 | 64 (64) | >256 | >256 |
AG100Atet | >256 | >256 | >256 | 128 (256) | >256 | >256 |
AG102 | >256 | >256 | 1024 (>256) | 32 (32) | >256 | >256 |
Enterobacter aerogenes
| ||||||
CM64 | >256 | >256 | >256 | 64 (>256) | >256 | >256 |
Klebsiella pneumoniae
| ||||||
ATCC11296 | >256 | >256 | >256 | 64 (>256) | >256 | >256 |
KP55 | >256 | >256 | 32 (128) | 16 (32) | >256 | 256 (>256) |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
| ||||||
PA01 | >256 | >256 | >256 | 64 (128) | >256 | 256 (>256) |
PA124 | >256 | >256 | >256 | 256 (>256) | >256 | >256 |
Providencia stuartii
| ||||||
ATCC29916 | >256 | >256 | >256 | 128 (>256) | >256 | >256 |
PS2636 | >256 | >256 | >256 | 256 (>256) | >256 | >256 |
Antibioticsa | Extract and concentration | Bacterial strainsb, MIC (μg/mL ) of antibiotics in the absence and presence of the extract and FIC (in brackets) | PBSS (%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PA124 | CM64 | NAE16 | BM47 | KP55 | KP63 | AG100Atet | ||||
CHL | 0 |
256
|
128
|
256
|
256
|
32
|
128
|
64
| ||
B | MIC/2 | 128(0.5)S | 64(0.5)S | 32(0.125)S | 16(0.06)S | 16(0.5)S | 8(0.06)S | 32(0.5)S |
7/7 (100 %)
| |
MIC/4 | 128(0.5)S | 64(0.5)S | 32(0.13)S | 16(0.06)S | 32(1)I | 8(0.06)S | 32(0.5)S |
6/7 (85.7 %)
| ||
L | MIC/2 | 256(1)I | 128(1)I | 16(0.06)S | 32(0.13)S | 32(1)I | 8(0.06)S | 16(0.25)S | 4/7 (57.1) | |
MIC/4 | 256(1)I | 128(1)I | 16(0.06)S | 64(0.25)S | 32(1)I | 8(0.06)S | 16(0.25)S | 4/7 (57.1) | ||
KAN | 0 |
128
|
64
|
64
|
32
|
64
|
64
|
32
| ||
B | MIC/2 | 64(0.5)S | 4(0.06)S | 8(0.13)S | 4(0.13)S | 32(0.5)S | 8(0.13)S | 16(0.5)S |
7/7 (100 %)
| |
MIC/4 | 64(0.5)S | 4(0.06)S | 8(0.13)S | 4(0.13)S | 32(0.5)S | 8(0.13)S | 16(0.5)S |
7/7 (100 %)
| ||
L | MIC/2 | 64(0.5)S | 4(0.06)S | 8(0.13)S | 4(0.13)S | 64(1)I | 16(0.25)S | 16(0.5)S |
6/7 (85.7 %)
| |
MIC/4 | 64(0.5)S | 4(0.06)S | 8(0.13)S | 4(0.13)S | 64(1)I | 16(0.25)S | 16(0.5)S |
6/7 (85.7 %)
| ||
STR | 0 |
64
|
64
|
32
|
16
|
64
|
16
|
128
| ||
B | MIC/2 | 64(1)I | 4(0.06)S | 16(0.5)S | 4(0.25)S | 32(0.5)S | 2(0.13)S | −(≥2)na |
5/6 (83.3 %)
| |
MIC/4 | 256(4)A | 4(0.06)S | 16(0.5)S | 4(0.25)S | 32(0.5)S | 8(0.5)S | −(≥2)na |
5/6 (83.3 %)
| ||
L | MIC/2 | 256(4)A | 2(0.03)S | 8(0.25)S | 2(0.13)S | 16(0.25)S | 4(0.25)S | 128(1)I |
5/7 (71.4 %)
| |
MIC/4 | 256(4)A | 4(0.06)S | 16(0.5)S | 4(0.25)S | 64(1)I | 4(0.25)S | −(≥2)na | 4/6 (66.7 %) | ||
CIP | 0 |
64
|
16
|
8
|
16
|
16
|
8
|
64
| ||
B | MIC/2 | 32(0.5)S | 64(4)A | 8(1)I | 8(0.5)S | 16(1)I | 4(0.5)S | 64(1)I | 3/7 (42.9 %) | |
MIC/4 | 32(0.5)S | 64(4)A | 8(1)I | 16(1)I | 32(2)A | 8(1)I | 64(1)I | 1/7 (14.3 %) | ||
L | MIC/2 | 64(1)I | 64(4)A | 16(2)A | 16(1)I | 16(1)I | 4(0.5)S | 64(1)I | 1/7 (14.3 %) | |
MIC/4 | 64(1)I | 64(4)A | 16(2)A | 16(1)I | 16(1)I | 4(0.5)S | 64(1)I | 1/7 (14.3 %) | ||
TET | 0 |
64
|
64
|
128
|
32
|
32
|
64
|
256
| ||
B | MIC/2 | 32(0.5)S | 4(0.06)S | 32(0.25)S | 16(0.5)S | 64(2)I | 32(0.5)S | 4(0.02)S |
6/7 (85.7 %)
| |
MIC/4 | 32(0.5)S | 2(0.03)S | 32(0.25)S | 16(0.5)S | 64(2)I | 64(1)I | 4(0.02)S |
5/7 (71.4 %)
| ||
L | MIC/2 | 64(1)I | 2(0.03)S | 128(1)I | 32(1)I | −(≥8)A | 64(1)I | 4(0.02)S | 2/7 (28.6 %) | |
MIC/4 | 64(1)I | 2(0.03)S | 128(1)I | 32(1)I | −(≥8)A | 64(1)I | 4(0.02)S | 2/7 (28.6 %) |
Antibioticsa | Concentration of 4 | Bacteria strainsb, MIC of antibiotics alone and in presence of 4 (Resveratrol), FIC (in bracket ) | PBSS (%)c | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PA124 | CM64 | KP55 | AG102 | AG100Atet | PS2636 | |||
CHL
|
0
|
256
|
128
|
32
|
64
|
64
|
256
| |
MIC/2 | 32 (0.25)S | 2(0.02)S | 16(0.5)S | 64(1)I | <2(<0.03)S | 64(0.25)S |
5/6 (83.3 %)
| |
MIC/4 | 32(0.25)S | 4(0.03)S | 16(0.5)S | 64(1)I | <2 (<0.03)S | 64(0.25)S |
5/6(83.3 %)
| |
KAN
|
0
|
128
|
64
|
64
|
4
|
32
|
4
| |
MIC/2 | 64(0.5)S | <2 (<0.03)S | 32(0.5)S | <2 (<0.5)S | <2(0.06)S | 4(1)I |
5/6(83.3 %)
| |
MIC/4 | 64(0.5)S | <2 (<0.03)S | 32(0.5)S | <2 (<0.5)S | <2(0.06)S | 4(1)I |
5/6(83.3 %)
| |
STR
|
0
|
64
|
128
|
64
|
≤2
|
−
|
≤2
| |
MIC/2 | 32(0.5)S | 64(0.5)S | 16(0.25)S | <2 na | 64(≤0.5)S | <2 na |
4/4 (100 %)
| |
MIC/4 | 32(0.5)S | 64(0.5)S | 32(0.5)S | 4(>2) na | 128(≤0.5)S | <2 na |
4/4 (100 %)
| |
CIP
|
0
|
64
|
8
|
4
|
1
|
64
|
4
| |
MIC/2 | 4(0.06)S | <2(0.25)S | <2(<0.5)S | <0.5(<0.5)S | <2(<0.03)S | 8(2)I |
5/6(83.3 %)
| |
MIC/4 | 16(0.25)S | <2(0.25)S | <2(<0.5)S | <0.5(<0.5)S | <2(<0.03)S | <0.5(<0.13)S |
6/6 (100 %)
| |
TET
|
0
|
64
|
64
|
32
|
4
|
256
|
64
| |
MIC/2 | 4(0.06)S | 64(1)I | 32(1)I | <2(<0.5)S | 256(1)I | 32(0.5)S | 3/6 (50 %) | |
MIC/4 | 4(0.06)S | 128(2)I | 16(0.5)S | <2(<0.5)S | 256(1)I | 16(0.25)S | 4/6 (66.7 %) |