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12.08.2016 | Original Article

Application of a standardized screening protocol for diagnosis of invasive mold infections in children with hematologic malignancies

verfasst von: Shannon M. Cohn, Hanumantha R. Pokala, Jane D. Siegel, John E. McClay, David Leonard, Jeannie Kwon, Charles F. Timmons, Naomi J. Winick

Erschienen in: Supportive Care in Cancer | Ausgabe 12/2016

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Abstract

Purpose

This study describes a standardized screening protocol for diagnosis of invasive mold infections in pediatric oncology patients with neutropenia and prolonged or recurrent fever.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed of children receiving intensive chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies who developed invasive mold infections from 2004 to 2011. Characteristics and outcomes were compared before and after implementation of the screening protocol in November 2006. The screen includes direct nasal endoscopy performed at the bedside by an otorhinolaryngologist, noncontrast computed tomography (CT) of the chest, and abdominal ultrasound in patients with neutropenia and prolonged or recurrent fever.

Results

Fifty patients had proven, probable, or possible invasive mold infections. Before routine use of direct nasal endoscopy, invasive nasosinal disease was detected in 5 of 19 patients (26 %) and all had a compatible clinical presentation. Thirteen of 31 patients (42 %) in the post-screen group had nasosinal disease, and fever was the only sign for 8 patients (62 %). Twenty-four patients with nasosinal disease had a sinus CT, and radiologic findings of bony erosion or peri-sinus invasion were never detected. Eight of 19 patients in the pre-screen group died from mold infection (42.1 %) versus 4 of 31 (12.9 %) in the post-screen group (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

A screening protocol including direct nasal endoscopy, noncontrast chest CT, and abdominal ultrasound was effective in detecting invasive mold infections in at-risk patients. Nasosinal involvement often occurs before specific symptoms develop, and sinus CTs are insensitive and nonspecific. Bedside nasal endoscopy precludes radiation exposure associated with sinus CT and was associated with decrease in mold-related mortality, likely due to earlier diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy.

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Titel: Application of a standardized screening protocol for diagnosis of invasive mold infections in children with hematologic malignancies
verfasst von: Shannon M. Cohn
Hanumantha R. Pokala
Jane D. Siegel
John E. McClay
David Leonard
Jeannie Kwon
Charles F. Timmons
Naomi J. Winick
Publikationsdatum: 12.08.2016
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Supportive Care in Cancer / Ausgabe 12/2016
Print ISSN: 0941-4355
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-7339
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-016-3367-z

Springer Medizin

Application of a standardized screening protocol for diagnosis of invasive mold infections in children with hematologic malignancies