Introduction
Materials and methods
Study design and patients
TXA administration protocol
Surgical procedures
Perioperative management
Outcome measurements
Thromboelastography
Parameters | Abbreviation | Definition | Represent |
---|---|---|---|
Reaction time | R | Time until formation of critical mass of thrombin | Enzymatic reaction function |
Kinetics | K | The speed of thrombus formation | Clot kinetics |
Alpha-Angle | α-Angle | The rapidity of fibrin build-up and cross-linking | Fibrinogen level |
Maximum amplitude | MA | Direct function of the maximum dynamic properties of fibrin and platelet bonding via GPIIb/IIIa | Maximum platelet function |
Coagulation Index | CI | Global index of coagulation status | A linear combination of R, K, α-angle, and MA values |
Coagulation status | R (min) | MA (mm) |
---|---|---|
Normal | 5–10 | 50–70 |
Factor hypercoagulability (enzymatic) | < 5 | ≤ 70 |
Factor (enzymatic) and platelet hypercoagulability | < 5 | > 70 |
Platelet hypercoagulability | ≥ 5 | > 70 |
Statistical analysis
Results
Patients characteristics
THA | Multiple-dose TXA (N = 65) | Single-dose TXA (N = 128) | P value |
Age (years) | 65.52 ± 14.30 | 64.84 ± 14.16 | 0.754 |
Gender (male/female) | 29/36 | 54/74 | 0.761 |
Height (m) | 1.62 ± 0.69 | 1.60 ± 0.07 | 0.087 |
Weight (kg) | 61.38 ± 9.36 | 58.74 ± 10.14 | 0.095 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.49 ± 3.26 | 22.94 ± 3.62 | 0.327 |
Drink | 20/65 | 29/128 | 0.294 |
Smoke | 21/65 | 28/128 | 0.161 |
Diagnosis | |||
AVN | 20 | 34 | 0.816 |
DDH | 13 | 28 | |
FNF | 20 | 46 | |
ITF | 2 | 6 | |
OA | 6 | 9 | |
RA | 3 | 5 | |
FAI | 1 | 0 | |
ASA grade | 2.50 ± 0.72 | 2.38 ± 0.65 | 0.215 |
Operated side (left/right) | 29/36 | 74/54 | 0.094 |
Operation time (min) | 84.00 ± 29.32 | 80.34 ± 30.71 | 0.428 |
Length of hospital stay | 14.63 ± 7.08 | 14.93 ± 9.01 | 0.816 |
Postoperative hospital stay | 8.65 ± 6.49 | 9.27 ± 8.15 | 0.595 |
TKA | Multiple-dose TXA (N = 70) | Single-dose TXA (N = 96) | P value |
Age (years) | 68.33 ± 7.40 | 67.28 ± 8.53 | 0.411 |
Gender (male/female) | 11/59 | 26/70 | 0.092 |
Height (m) | 1.57 ± 0.06 | 1.58 ± 0.06 | 0.542 |
Weight (kg) | 63.19 ± 9.44 | 60.97 ± 9.68 | 0.157 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.66 ± 3.34 | 24.48 ± 3.92 | 0.057 |
Diagnosis | |||
OA | 66 | 83 | 0.244 |
RA | 4 | 11 | |
GA | 0 | 2 | |
ASA grade | 2.27 ± 0.48 | 2.17 ± 0.52 | 0.176 |
Operated side (left/right) | 36/34 | 36/60 | 0.083 |
Operation time (min) | 94.61 ± 28.07 | 95.54 ± 28.63 | 0.836 |
Length of hospital stay | 14.87 ± 8.16 | 14.98 ± 6.60 | 0.925 |
Postoperative hospital stay | 8.49 ± 7.40 | 8.94 ± 5.51 | 0.653 |