Background
Methods
Study area
Study period
Study design
Source population
Sampling technique
Sample size
Data collection method
Ethical consideration
Data analysis
Study variables
Dependent variables
Independent variables
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Age (in years): different age groups: 17-20, 21-23, 24-26, 27-29.
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Religion: Orthodox Christian, Protestant, Muslim, and Others (Catholic, 7th Adventist).
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Ethnicity: Amhara, Oromo, Tigre, and others (Somalia, SNNP, Affar)
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Region: Addis Ababa, Oromo, Amhara, SNNP, Tigri, Harar, Affar
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Department: Health science and non-health science
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Marital status: Unmarried, married, divorced and widowed.
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Family monthly income (in birr): less than 150, 150-249,250-499,500-999, 1000-1499, more than 1500.
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Parents' educational status: Can't write and read, can write and read, primary school (1-8th), secondary school (9-12th), and Higher education.
Operational definitions
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Emergency contraception: A kind of contraception indicated after unprotected sexual intercourse to prevent unintended pregnancy.
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Sexually active: having a previous history of vaginal sexual intercourse.
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Unintended pregnancy: pregnancy occurred with no plan.
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Knowledge: awareness of the existence of EC, its importance and effectiveness.
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Attitude: Intention of using or recommending EC when a need arises. Intending to use or recommend is considered as a positive attitude, and no intention as a negative attitude.
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Practice: Any previous history of EC usage.
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High income: Monthly income of more than 500 Ethiopian birr (33 USD)
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Low income: Monthly income of 150 to 499 Ethiopian Birr (10-32 USD)
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Media: Radio, Television.
Results
Socio demographic characteristics
Variable | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Age | ||
17-20 | 210 | 57.0 |
20-23 | 136 | 37.0 |
23-26 | 15 | 4.1 |
26-29 | 7 | 1.9 |
Religion
| ||
Orthodox | 232 | 63.0 |
Muslim | 49 | 13.3 |
Protestant | 79 | 21.5 |
Other(Adventist, Catholic) | 8 | 2.2 |
Ethnicity
| ||
Amhara | 176 | 47.8 |
Oromo | 85 | 23.1 |
Tigre | 44 | 12.0 |
Other(Somali, Afar, SNNP) | 63 | 17.1 |
Marital Status
| ||
Non- married | 339 | 92.1 |
Married | 29 | 7.9 |
Family monthly income
| ||
< 150 | 6 | 1.6 |
150-1499 | 199 | 54.1 |
> 1500 | 163 | 44.3 |
Mother's educational status
1
| ||
Can't write and read | 51 | 13.9 |
Can write and read | 85 | 23.1 |
Primary School and above(1-8th grade) | 231 | 62.8 |
Father's educational Status
2
| ||
Can't write and read | 19 | 5.2 |
Can write and read | 63 | 17.1 |
Primary School and above | 282 | 76.6 |
Reproductive characteristics
Variable | Number | Percent |
---|---|---|
Sexual Activity | ||
Yes | 86 | 23.4 |
No | 282 | 76.6 |
Unprotected sexual intercourse
1
| ||
Yes | 36 | 9.8 |
No | 50 | 13.5 |
Number of Children
2
| ||
Zero | 69 | 18.74 |
One | 13 | 3.5 |
Two | 4 | 1.1 |
Unintended Pregnancy
3
| ||
Yes | 13 | 3.5 |
No | 73 | 19.83 |
Reason for unintended Pregnancy
4
| ||
Contraceptive failure | 6 | 1.6 |
Forget to take contraceptive | 2 | 0.5 |
Pressure from partner | 3 | 0.8 |
Forced to have sex | 2 | 0.5 |
Knowledge, attitude and practice of EC
Variable | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Ever heard of EC | ||
Yes | 310 | 84.2 |
No | 58 | 15.8 |
Time heard about EC
| ||
< 6 Months ago | 31 | 8.4 |
6 months-5 years | 183 | 49.7 |
Before 5 years | 131 | 35.6 |
Time to take EC
1
| ||
Within 72 hours | 237 | 64.4 |
After 72 hours | 21 | 5.7 |
Don't know | 67 | 18.2 |
Effectiveness of EC
2
| ||
75-99% | 186 | 50.5 |
30-50% | 34 | 9.3 |
Not sure | 102 | l27.7 |
How safe is EC
3
| ||
Safe | 216 | 58.7 |
Unsafe | 19 | 5.2 |
I don't know | 87 | 23.6 |
Source of information
♣
| ||
Formal Education | 108 | 29.3 |
Media | 278 | 75.5 |
Magazine | 15 | 4.1 |
Internet | 29 | 7.9 |
Health facilities | 255 | 69.3 |
Friends/relatives | 7 | 1.9 |
Place to obtain EC
| ||
Health institutes | 288 | 78.3 |
Supermarket | 2 | 0.5 |
Social worker | 2 | 0.5 |
Don't know | 2 | 0.5 |
Impossible to obtain | 13 | 3.5 |
Importance of EC
♠
| ||
Post rape | 302 | 82.1 |
Back up when condom breaks | 182 | 49.5 |
When oral contraceptive pill is forgotten | 41 | 11.1 |
Variables | Awareness | 95% Crude OR | 95% CI Adjusted OR | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | |||
Age
| ||||
26-29 | 6 | 1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
23-26 | 13 | 2 | 0.92(0.06-12.28) | 0.66(0.04-9.73) |
20-23 | 115 | 21 | 1.09(0.12-9.57) | 0.90(0.09-8.93) |
17-20 | 176 | 34 | 1.15(0.13-9.93) | 0.88(0.09-8.65) |
Religion
| ||||
Muslim | 37 | 12 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Christian | 273 | 46 | 1.92(0.93-3.96) | 0.26(0.04-1.53) |
Department
| ||||
Health science | 45 | 3 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Non Health Science | 265 | 55 | 0.32(0.09-1.07) | 7.85(0.84-73.39) |
Region
| ||||
Addis Ababa | 143 | 23 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Out of Addis Ababa | 167 | 35 | 0.76(0.43-1.35) | 1.35(0.43-4.24) |
Marital Status
| ||||
Married | 25 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Non-Married | 285 | 54 | 0.84(0.28-2.52) | 0.56(0.14-2.14) |
Family Monthly Income
| ||||
> 500 | 253 | 47 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
150-499 | 57 | 11 | 1.03(0.50-2.12) | 1.18(0.23-5.92) |
Mother's education
| ||||
> 8th grade | 145 | 26 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
< 8th grade | 164 | 32 | 1.08(0.61-1.91) | 2.046(0.47-8.87) |
Father's education
| ||||
> 8th grade | 197 | 37 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
< 8th grade | 110 | 20 | 0.96(0.53-1.75) | 0.77(0.34-1.74) |
Variables | Attitude | 95% CI Crude OR | 95% CI adjusted OR | |
---|---|---|---|---|
positive | negative | |||
Age
| ||||
26-29 | 5 | 1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
23-26 | 8 | 2 | 1.25(0.08-17.65) | 1.37(0.08-21.22) |
20-23 | 44 | 22 | 2.50(0.27-22.72) | 2.80(0.27-28.45) |
17-20 | 52 | 55 | 4.43(0.50-39.14) | 4.22(0.42-41.73) |
Religion
| ||||
Muslim | 11 | 11 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Christian | 108 | 69 | 1.56(0.64-3.80) | 1.89(0.70-5.15) |
Department
| ||||
Health science | 26 | 13 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Non Health Science | 93 | 67 | 0.69(0.33-1.44) | 0.95(0.43-2.09) |
Region
| ||||
Addis Ababa | 53 | 34 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Out of Addis Ababa | 66 | 46 | 0.92(0.51-1.63) | 1.07(0.56-2.04) |
Marital Status
| ||||
Married | 13 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Non-Married | 106 | 76 | 0.42(0.13-1.36) | 0.72(0.18-2.74) |
Family Monthly Income
| ||||
> 500 | 99 | 56 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
150-499 | 20 | 24 | 2.12(1.07-4.17)* | 2.47(1.06-5.78)** |
Mother's education
| ||||
> 8th grade | 57 | 33 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
< 8th grade | 61 | 47 | 1.33(0.75-2.36) | 1.34(0.58-3.08) |
Father's education
| ||||
> 8th grade | 76 | 52 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
< 8th grade | 41 | 27 | 0.96(0.52-1.75) | 0.57(0.24-1.36) |
Variables | Usage | 95% CI Crude OR | 95% CI Adjusted OR | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | |||
Age
| ||||
26-29 | 2 | 3 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
23-26 | 2 | 9 | 3.00(0.28-31.63) | 3.57(0.22-56.58) |
20-23 | 11 | 27 | 1.63(0.24-11.18) | 1.89(0.15-22.60) |
17-20 | 12 | 21 | 1.16(0.17-7.99) | 0.92(0.07-11.71) |
Religion
| ||||
Christian | 23 | 57 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Muslim | 4 | 2 | 0.41(0.09-1.78) | 0.26(0.04-1.53) |
Department
| ||||
Health science | 1 | 11 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Non Health Science | 26 | 50 | 5.83(0.71-47.74) | 7.85(0.84-73.39) |
Region
| ||||
Addis Ababa | 7 | 20 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Out of Addis Ababa | 20 | 41 | 1.32(0.47-3.66) | 1.35(0.43-4.24) |
Marital Status
| ||||
Married | 7 | 15 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Non-Married | 20 | 46 | 0.87(0.30-2.48) | 0.56(0.14-2.14) |
Family Monthly Income
| ||||
> 500 | 23 | 52 | 1 | 1 |
150-499 | 4 | 9 | 1.01(0.28-3.63) | 1.18(0.23-5.92) |
Mother's education
| ||||
> 8th grade | 13 | 29 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
< 8th grade | 14 | 31 | 0.96(0.38-2.389) | 2.04(0.472-8.872) |
Father's education
| ||||
> 8th grade | 17 | 43 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
< 8th grade | 10 | 18 | 0.67(0.25-1.75) | 0.38(0.09-1.62) |
Variables | Sexual activity | 95% CI Crude OR | 95% CI Adjusted OR | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | |||
Heard of EC
| ||||
Yes | 77 | 233 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
No | 9 | 49 | 0.55(0.26-1.18) | 0.42(0.17-1.03) |
Attitude
| ||||
Positive | 36 | 83 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Negative | 10 | 70 | 0.33(0.15-0.71)* | 0.36(0.15-0.86)** |
Usage
| ||||
Yes | 27 | 0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
No | 55 | 6 | ns | nsβ
|