Background
Methods
Conceptual model
Senperforto project
Population, sampling and data collection
Data analysis
Results
Residents | |||
---|---|---|---|
Living conditions at EARF | Female N (%) | Male N (%) | Total N (%) |
Type of accommodation | |||
Room | 62 (45.3) | 84 (35.4) | 146 (39.0) |
House or apartment | 57 (41.6) | 85 (35.9) | 142 (38.0) |
Shelter | 5 (3.6) | 31 (13.1) | 36 (9.6) |
Studio or container | 11 (8.1) | 20 (8.4) | 31 (8.3) |
Tent or homeless | 0 (0.0) | 10 (4.2) | 10 (2.6) |
Other | 2 (1.5) | 7 (3.0) | 9 (2.4) |
Missing | – | – | 1 |
Place to sleep – size m2 | |||
2–4 | 58 (43.0) | 84 (36.5) | 142 (38.9) |
6–8 | 43 (31.9) | 56 (24.3) | 99 (27.1) |
10–12 | 24 (17.8) | 40 (17.4) | 64 (17.5) |
14–20 | 6 (4.4) | 44 (19.1) | 50 (13.7) |
more 22 | 4 (3.0) | 6 (2.6) | 10 (2.7) |
Missing | – | – | – |
With how many adults do you share this space? | |||
0 | 12 (14.3) | 2 (1.2) | 14 (5.5) |
1 to 2 | 34 (40.5) | 61 (35.9) | 95 (37.4) |
3 to 5 | 24 (28.6) | 50 (29.4) | 74 (29.1) |
> 6 | 14 (16.7) | 57 (33.5) | 71 (27.9) |
Missing | – | – | 121 |
What is their relationship to you? | |||
Not related | 38 (52.8) | 78 (48.4) | 116 (49.8) |
(Co-) resident(s) | 19 (26.4) | 43 (26.7) | 62 (26.6) |
Partner Family or Friend(s) | 15 (20.8) | 40 (24.8) | 55 (23.6) |
Missing | – | – | 142 |
With how many children do you share this space? | |||
0 | 19 (24.1) | 63 (50.4) | 82 (40.2) |
1 to 2 | 44 (55.7) | 41 (32.8) | 85 (41.7) |
3 to 5 | 12 (15.2) | 10 (8.0) | 22 (10.8) |
> 6 | 4 (5.1) | 11 (8.8) | 15 (7.3) |
Missing | – | – | 171 |
What is their relationship to you? | |||
Own Children | 41 (65.1) | 9 (15.5) | 50 (41.3) |
No-Relationship | 17 (27.0) | 38 (65.5) | 55 (45.5) |
Family or friends | 2 (3.2) | 7 (12.1) | 9 (7.5) |
(Co-) residents | 3 (4.8) | 4 (6.9) | 7 (5.8) |
Missing | – | – | 254 |
Reported cases of SGBV
Case report N (%) | No case report N (%) | Case report N (%) | No case report N (%) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residents | Professionals | |||||||||||
Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total | |
First CASEa | 71 (37,8) | 117 (62,2) | 188 (50.1) | 66 (35,3) | 121 (64,7) | 187 (49.9) | 73 (52,5) | 66 (47,5) | 140 (74.9)d | 32 (68,1) | 15 (31,9) | 47 (25.1) |
Second CASEb | 36 (37,5) | 60 (62,5) | 96 (25.6) | 98 (35,8) | 176 (64,2) | 274 (73.1) | 66 (56,9) | 50 (43,1) | 116 (62.4) | 39 (55,7) | 31 (44,3) | 70 (37,6) |
Third CASEc | 14 (38,9) | 22 (61,1) | 36 (9.6) | 123 (36,3) | 216 63,7) | 339 (90.4) | 49 (58,3) | 35 (41,7) | 84 (44.9) | 56 (55,4) | 45 (44,6) | 101 (54,6) |
Fourth CASEa | 4 (50,0) | 4 (50,0) | 8 (2.1) | 133 (36,2) | 243 (63,8) | 367 (97.9) | 19 (63,3) | 11 (36,7) | 30 (16.0) | 86 (55,1) | 70 (44,9) | 156 (83,9) |
Total cases reported | 328 | 370 |
Residents | Professionals | Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country |
N
| Reported cases |
N
| Reported cases |
N
| Total cases |
Belgium | 61 | 67 | 32 | 76 | 93 | 143 |
Greece | 36 | 27 | 30 | 60 | 66 | 87 |
Hungary | 68 | 35 | 21 | 66 | 89 | 101 |
Ireland | 63 | 67 | 32 | 55 | 95 | 122 |
Malta | 61 | 61 | 30 | 99 | 91 | 160 |
The Netherlands | 33 | 61 | 5 | 10 | 38 | 71 |
Portugal | 53 | 10 | 37 | 4 | 90 | 14 |
TOTAL | 375 | 328 | 187 | 370 | 562 | 698 |
Total Acts Violence | Residents | Professionals | Total Acts | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | Male | Acts N = 510 (%) | Female | Male | Acts N = 600 (%) | N = 1110 (%) | |
Physical Violence | 207 (40.6) | 259 (43.2) | 466 (42.0) | ||||
Singular non life-threathening | 53 (25.6) | 73 (35.3) | 126 (24.7) | 72 (27.8) | 58 (22.5) | 131a (21.8) | 257 (23.2) |
Multiple non life- threathening | 11 (5.3) | 18 (8.7) | 29 (5.7) | 24 (9.3) | 16 (6.2) | 40 (6.7) | 69 (6.2) |
Singular life- threathening | 13 (6.3) | 23 (11.1) | 36 (7.1) | 34 (13.1) | 25 (9.7) | 59 (9.8) | 95 (8.6) |
Multiple life- threathening | 2 (1.0) | 11 (5.3) | 13 (2.5) | 18 (6.9) | 10 (3.9) | 28 (4.7) | 41 (3.7) |
Killing | 1 (0.5) | 2 (1.0) | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.4) |
Psychological Violence | 192 (37.6) | 260 (43.3) | 452 (40.7) | ||||
Verbal violence | 34 (17.7) | 43 (22.4) | 77 (15.1) | 46 (17.7) | 43 (16.5) | 89 (14.8) | 166 (15.0) |
Humiliation | 23 (12.0) | 52 (27.1) | 75 (14.7) | 23 (8.8) | 22 (8.5) | 45 (7.5) | 120 (10.8) |
Threatening | 9 (4.7) | 20 (10.4) | 29 (5.7) | 46 (17.7) | 39 (15.0) | 85 (14.2) | 114 (10.3) |
Confinement | 1 (0.5) | 3 (1.6) | 4 (0.8) | 3 (1.2) | 3 (1.2) | 6 (1.0) | 10 (0.9) |
Relational violence | 6 (3.1) | 1 (0.5) | 7 (1.4) | 25 (9.6) | 9 (3.5) | 35a (5.8) | 42 (3.8) |
Sexual Violence | 27 (5.3) | 38 (6.3) | 65 (5.9) | ||||
Sexual harrasment | 6 (22.2) | 6 (22.2) | 12 (2.4) | 11 (28.9) | 10 (26.3) | 21 (3.5) | 33 (3.0) |
Sexual abuse | 3 (11.1) | 3 (11.1) | 6 (1.2) | 4 (10.5) | 2 (5.3) | 6 (1.0) | 12 (1.1) |
Attempt to rape | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
Rape | 0 (0.0) | 3 (11.1) | 3 (0.6) | 2 (5.3) | 1 (2.6) | 4a (0.7) | 7 (0.6) |
Sexual exploitation | 2 (7.4) | 3 (11.1) | 5 (1.0) | 5 (13.2) | 2 (5.3) | 7 (1.2) | 12 (1.1) |
Harmfull Cultural Practices | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Socio-economic Violence | 84 (16.5) | 43 (7.2) | 127 (11.4) | ||||
Discrimination | 9 (10.7) | 21 (25.0) | 30 (5.9) | 7 (16.3) | 7 (16.3) | 14 (2.3) | 44 (4.0) |
Refusal of assistance | 18 (21.4) | 27 (32.1) | 45 (8.6) | 9 (20.9) | 16 (37.2) | 25 (4.2) | 68 (6.1) |
Social exclusion | 4 (4.8) | 3 (3.6) | 7 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.7) | 2 (0.3) | 9 (0.8) |
Refusal of legal protection | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.4) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (0.3) | 6 (0.5) |
Causes of reported SGBV cases
Residents | Professionals | TOTAL | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Causes of reported SGBV | Female N (%) | Male N (%) |
p
| Female N (%) | Male N (%) |
p
| Resid N (%) | Profs N (%) |
p
|
Coping (frustration & stress management) | 14 (8.7) | 24 (14.9) | 0.709 | 30 (22.6) | 20 (15.0) | 0.369 | 38 (23.6) | 50 (37.6) |
0.008
|
Different cultural/ethnic backgrounds & practices | 15 (9.3) | 16 (9.9) | 0.310 | 14 (10.5) | 13 (9.8) | 0.831 | 31 (19.3) | 27 (20.3) | 0.884 |
Communication problem | 8 (5.0) | 8 (5.0) | 0.426 | 8 (6.0) | 7 (5.3) | 1.000 | 16 (9.9) | 15 (11.3) | 0.849 |
Asylum procedure related | 5 (3.1) | 17 (10.6) | 0.102 | 1 (0.8) | 4 (3.0) | 0.179 | 22 (13.7) | 5 (3.8) |
0.004
|
Bad accommodation | 8 (5.0) | 6 (3.7) | 0.252 | 5 (3.8) | 1 (0.8) | 0.218 | 14 (8.7) | 6 (4.5) | 0.170 |
Multifactorial | 1 (0.6) | 8 (5.0) | 0.088 | 4 (3.0) | 5 (3.8) | 0.732 | 9 (5.6) | 9 (6.8) | 0.808 |
Competence staff | 0 (0.0) | 9 (5.6) |
0.012
| 7 (5.3) | 5 (3.8) | 0.774 | 9 (5.6) | 12 (9.0) | 0.363 |
Alcohol Abuse | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 1.000 | 2 (1.5) | 5 (3.8) | 0.246 | 2 (1.2) | 7 (5.3) | 0.084 |
Food | 3 (1.9) | 4 (2.5) | 1.000 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 7 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) |
0.017
|
I don’t know | 7 (4.3) | 3 (1.9) | 0.053 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 10 (6.2) | 0 (0.0) |
0.002
|
Others | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | 0.563 | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.8) | 1.000 | 3 (1.9) | 2 (1.5) | 1.000 |
Missing | – | – | – | – | – | – | 214 | 54 | – |
TOTAL | 64 (39.8) | 97 (60.2) |
0.013
| 72 (54.1) | 61 (45.9) | 0.501 | 375 (66.7) | 187 (33.3) |
0.000
|
Preventable measures of SGBV
Residents | Professionals | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female N (%) | Male N (%) |
p
| Female N (%) | Male N (%) |
p
| Resid N (%) | Profs N (%) |
p
| |
Improved SGBV /Intervention measures | 16 (28.6) | 29 (33.3) | 1.000 | 13 (26.0) | 8 (22.9) | 0.803 | 45 (31.5) | 21 (24.7) | 0.293 |
Improved accomodation & living conditions | 12 (21.4) | 19 (21.8) | 1.000 | 8 (16.0) | 5 (14.3) | 1.000 | 31 (21.7) | 13 (15.3) | 0.232 |
Improved competence staff/ communication with residents | 8 (14.3) | 15 (17.2) | 0.653 | 12 (24.0) | 12 (34.3) | 0.335 | 23 (16.1) | 24 (28.2) |
0.042
|
Coping (frustration & stress management) | 6 (10.7) | 9 (10.3) | 1.000 | 6 (12.0) | 4 (11.4) | 1.000 | 15 (10.5) | 10 (11.8) | 0.829 |
Improved asylum procedure | 7 (12.5) | 5 (5.7) | 0.217 | 3 (6.0) | 1 (2.9) | 0.640 | 12 (8.4) | 4 (4.7) | 0.606 |
Intercultural respect & tolerance | 4 (7.1) | 5 (5.7) | 0.737 | 3 (6.0) | 3 (8.6) | 0.687 | 9 (6.3) | 6 (7.1) | 1.000 |
Improved communication between residents | 2 (3.6) | 3 (3.4) | 1.000 | 1 (2.0) | 1 (2.9) | 1.000 | 5 (3.5) | 2 (2.4) | 0.714 |
Other | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.1) | 1.000 | 4 (8.0) | 1 (2.9) | 0.644 | 2 (1.4) | 5 (5.9) | 0.106 |
I don’t know | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 1.000 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
Missing values | – | – | – | – | – | – | 232 | 102 | – |
TOTAL answers | 56 (39.2) | 87 (60.8) | 0.940 | 50 (58.8) | 35 (41.2) | 0.944 | 375 (66.7) | 187 (33.3) | 0.226 |
Residents | Professionals | Total | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | Male | Female | Male | Resid N 375 (66.7) | Profs N 187 (33.3) | |||||||||||
N | % | N | % |
p
| N | % | N | % |
p
| N | % | N | % |
p
| ||
Existing preventive measures in the hosting country? | Yes | 41 | 31.3 | 59 | 25.5 | 61 | 58.7 | 55 | 68.8 | 100 | 27.6 | 117 | 63.2 | |||
No | 90 | 68.7 | 172 | 74.5 | 43 | 41.3 | 25 | 31.3 | 262 | 72.4 | 68 | 36.8 | ||||
Total | 131 | 36.2 | 231 | 63.8 | 0.271 | 104 | 56.5 | 80 | 43.5 | 0.169 | 362 | 66.2 | 185 | 33.8 |
0.000
| |
Missing | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13 | – | 2 | – | ||||
Any preventive measures in the reception/asylum facility? | Yes | 54 | 43.2 | 91 | 40.8 | 66 | 62.9 | 53 | 68.8 | 145 | 41.7 | 119 | 65.0 | |||
No | 71 | 56.8 | 132 | 59.2 | 39 | 37.1 | 24 | 31.2 | 203 | 58.3 | 63 | 35.0 | ||||
Total | 125 | 35.9 | 223 | 64.1 | 0.734 | 105 | 57.7 | 77 | 42.3 | 0.434 | 348 | 65.5 | 183 | 34.5 |
0.000
| |
Missing | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 27 | 5 |
Residents | Professionals | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female N 57 (%) | Male N 110(%) |
p
| Female n 54(%) | Male N 47 (%) |
p
| Resid | Profs |
p
| |
More SGBV sensitization & awareness | 9 (15.8) | 17 (15.5) | 1.000 | 15 (27.8) | 13 (27.7) | 1.000 | 26 (15.6) | 28 (27.7) |
0.019
|
Improve accommodation & living conditions | 14 (24.6) | 10 (9.1) |
0.010
| 9 (16.7) | 9 (19.1) | 0.798 | 24 (14.4) | 18 (17.8) | 0.490 |
Improve communication between staff and residents | 9 (15.8) | 19 (17.3) | 0.832 | 8 (14.8) | 4 (8.5) | 0.373 | 28 (16.8) | 12 (11.9) | 0.295 |
Improve prevention measures | 4 (7.0) | 14 (12.7) | 0.304 | 8 (14.8) | 8 (17.0) | 0.791 | 18 (10.8) | 16 (15.8) | 0.258 |
More adequate interventions & sanctions after SGBV | 6 (10.5) | 6 (5.5) | 0.343 | 4 (7.4) | 5 (10.6) | 0.730 | 12 (7.2) | 9 (8.9) | 0.643 |
More security & surveillance | 2 (3.5) | 8 (7.3) | 0.497 | 4 (7.4) | 3 (6.4) | 1.000 | 10 (6.0) | 7 (6.9) | 0.799 |
Cohesion and empowerment of residents | 0 (0.0) | 9 (8.2) |
0.029
| 1 (1.9) | 2 (4.3) | 0.596 | 9 (5.4) | 3 (3.0) | 0.544 |
Nothing | 1 (1.8) | 6 (5.5) | 0.424 | 4 (7.4) | 3 (6.4) | 1.000 | 7 (4.2) | 7 (6.9) | 0.398 |
Not specified | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.5) | 0.167 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 5 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.160 |
I don’t know | 12 (21.1) | 16 (14.5) | 0.382 | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 | 28 (16.8) | 1 (1.0) |
0.000
|
Missing
| 208 | 86 | |||||||
Total | 57 (34.1) | 110 (65.9) | 0.024 | 54 (53.5) | 47 (46.5) | 0.979 | 375 (66.7) | 187 (33.3) |
0.001
|