Background
Review of the Literature
Methods
Design
Sample for the Present Study
Data Collection
Measures
Demographic Variables
Body-Mass Index
Weight Perception
Accuracy of Weight Perception
Weight Perception | |||
---|---|---|---|
BMI Classification | Not Overweight | Slightly overweight | Very overweight |
Overweight or Obese | Inaccurate Underestimation | Accurate Estimation | Accurate Estimation |
Trying to Lose Weight
Engaging in Exercise as a Weight-Loss Method
Data Analysis
Results
Sample Description
Variable (n) | n | % |
---|---|---|
Age at Wave II (2216) | ||
Mean (Standard Deviation) | 15.80 | (1.46) |
Ethnicity (2208) | ||
Hispanic | 263 | 11.91 |
non-Hispanic | 1945 | 88.09 |
Race (2210) | ||
White | 1531 | 69.28 |
Black or African American | 425 | 19.23 |
American Indian or Native American | 44 | 1.99 |
Asian or Pacific Islander | 73 | 3.30 |
Maternal Educational Attainment (1977) | ||
8th grade or less | 90 | 4.55 |
> 8th grade, not high school graduate | 193 | 9.76 |
Business/trade, not high school graduate | 11 | 0.56 |
High school graduate | 560 | 28.33 |
Completed a General Equivalency Diploma | 94 | 4.75 |
Business/trade after HS | 187 | 9.46 |
Non-college graduate | 359 | 18.16 |
College graduate | 282 | 14.26 |
Post-graduate | 201 | 10.17 |
Total Household Income (1742)a
| ||
Mean (Standard Deviation) | 48.90 | (56.5) |
Median | 40.00 | |
Range | 0-900 |
Weight Related Variables
Body-Mass Index
Variables (n) | n | % |
---|---|---|
BMI Percentile (2163) | ||
Mean (Standard Deviation) | 22.90 | (5.18) |
Median | 21.63 | |
Not overweight or obese | 1571 | 72.63 |
Overweight | 336 | 15.53 |
Obese | 256 | 11.84 |
Weight Perception (2215) | ||
Not overweight | 1351 | 60.99 |
Slightly overweight | 757 | 34.18 |
Very overweight | 107 | 4.83 |
Trying to Lose Weight at Wave II (2215) | ||
Not trying to lose weight | 1,175 | 53.05 |
Trying to lose weight | 1,040 | 46.95 |
Exercise as a Weight-Loss Method if Trying to Lose Weight (1040) | ||
No | 244 | 23.46 |
Yes | 796 | 76.54 |
Weight Perception
Accuracy of Weight Perception
Weight Perception | |||
---|---|---|---|
BMI Percentile | Not Overweight | Slightly or Very Overweight | |
n (%) | n (%) | n | |
Not Overweight or Obese (< 85th percentile) | 1206 (76.77%) | 365 (23.23%) | 1,571 (100%) |
Overweight or Obese (< 85th percentile) | 124 (20.95%) | 469 (79.05%) | 592 (100%) |
n | 1,330 (61.49%) | 833 (38.51%) | 2,163 |
Trying to Lose Weight
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable (reference category) | ORa | CI (95%)b
| ORa | CI (95%)b
| ORa | CI (95%)b
|
Age |
1.07
c
|
1.005-1.15
|
1.11
c
|
1.02-1.22
|
1.18
c
|
1.09-1.27
|
Hispanic origin | 1.02 | 0.68-1.52 | 0.89 | 0.57-.139 | 0.99 | 0.63-1.54 |
Race | ||||||
Black/African American | 0.87 | 0.67-1.13 | 0.69 | 0.47-1.01 |
0.64
c
|
0.46-0.89
|
American Indian/Native American | 0.72 | 0.33-1.60 | 0.62 | 0.23-1.65 | 0.52 | 0.22-1.20 |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.93 | 0.50-1.74 | 1.48 | 0.78-2.78 | 1.38 | 0.73-2.61 |
Other | 1.44 | 0.77-2.71 | 1.44 | 0.73-2.85 | 1.42 | 0.72-2.79 |
Mother's Highest Level of Education | ||||||
> 8th grade, not HS grad | 1.37 | 0.75-2.49 | 1.08 | 0.59-1.98 | 1.57 | 0.91-2.74 |
Business/trade, not HS | 0.77 | 0.16-3.58 | 2.04 | 0.40-10.48 | 1.74 | 0.39-7.85 |
HS graduate | 0.86 | 0.44-1.68 | 0.95 | 0.53-1.73 | 1.23 | 0.72-2.10 |
Completed a GED | 0.64 | 0.27-.155 | 0.62 | 0.27-1.41 | 0.87 | 0.41-1.81 |
Business/trade after HS | 0.97 | 0.48-1.97 | 1.01 | 0.47-2.17 | 1.16 | 0.59-2.28 |
Non-college graduate | 0.88 | 0.46-1.68 | 1.04 | 0.55-1.98 | 1.32 | 0.75-2.33 |
College graduate | 0.81 | 0.41-1.63 | 0.74 | 0.36-1.51 | 1.07 | 0.57-2.00 |
Post-graduate | 0.62 | 0.30-1.31 | 0.57 | 0.29-1.13 | 0.87 | 0.47-1.62 |
Total Household Income | 1.00 | 0.99-1.001 | 1.00 | 0.99-1.001 | 1.00 | 0.99-1.001 |
Actual Weight/BMI | ||||||
Overweight |
1.82
c
|
1.15-2.88
| ||||
Obese |
4.14
c
|
2.30-7.46
| ||||
Weight Perception (WP) | ||||||
Slightly Overweight |
13.10
c
|
9.59-17.88
| ||||
Very Overweight |
23.75
c
|
7.68-73.42
| ||||
WP Accuracy | ||||||
Overweight or Obese, Not Overweight WP |
1.84
c
|
1.15-2.94
| ||||
Overweight or Obese, Slightly Overweight WP |
13.59
c
|
8.51-21.69
| ||||
Overweight or Obese, Very Overweight WP |
22.62
c
|
7.30-70.07
|
Engaging in Exercise as a Weight-Loss Method
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | ORa | CI (95%)b
| ORa | CI (95%)b
| ORa | CI (95%)b
|
Age | 0.90 | 0.79-1.01 | 0.96 | 0.84-1.09 | 0.95 | 0.83-1.08 |
Hispanic origin | 0.84 | 0.36-1.95 | 0.77 | 0.33-1.82 | 0.80 | 0.35-1.85 |
Race | ||||||
Black/African American | 0.75 | 0.37-1.54 | 0.73 | 0.36-1.47 | 0.76 | 0.36-1.58 |
Native American | 1.53 | 0.47-4.99 | 1.50 | 0.45-5.00 | 1.49 | 0.41-5.37 |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.45 | 0.14-1.46 | 0.41 | 0.12-1.37 | 0.43 | 0.13-1.45 |
Other | 1.71 | 0.76-3.85 |
2.22
c
|
1.03-4.79
|
2.26
c
|
1.05-4.88
|
Mother's Education | ||||||
> 8th grade, not HS grad | 0.58 | 0.25-1.32 | 0.53 | 0.22-1.28 | 0.52 | 0.21-1.32 |
Business/trade, not HS | 0.52 | 0.05-5.28 | 0.39 | 0.04-4.07 | 0.39 | 0.04-4.03 |
HS graduate | 0.87 | 0.36-2.14 | 0.81 | 0.30-2.17 | 0.81 | 0.29-2.25 |
Completed a GED | 0.34c
| 0.11-0.99 | 0.28c
| 0.08-0.93 | 0.30 | 0.09-1.02 |
Business/trade after HS | 1.27 | 0.46-3.48 | 1.00 | 0.34-2.96 | 1.01 | 0.33-3.10 |
Non-college graduate | 0.98 | 0.39-2.45 | 0.88 | 0.32-2.40 | 0.93 | 0.32-2.64 |
College graduate | 1.13 | 0.43-3.00 | 0.92 | 0.32-2.63 | 0.92 | 0.31-2.73 |
Post-graduate | 0.90 | 0.28-2.88 | 0.70 | 0.21-2.30 | 0.66 | 0.19-2.32 |
Total Household Income | 1.01 | 0.99-1.01 | 1.01 | 0.99-1.01 | 1.01 | 0.99-1.01 |
Actual Weight/BMI | ||||||
Overweight | 1.15 | 0.68-1.93 | ||||
Obese | 0.75 | 0.44-1.28 | ||||
Weight Perception (WP) | ||||||
Slightly Overweight | 1.01 | 0.63-1.61 | ||||
Very Overweight | 0.96 | 0.43-2.14 | ||||
WP Accuracy | ||||||
Overweight or Obese, Not Overweight WP | 0.58 | 0.25-1.35 | ||||
Overweight or Obese, Slightly Overweight WP | 0.93 | 0.59-1.45 | ||||
Overweight or Obese, Very Overweight Weight WP | 1.23 | 0.52-2.93 |