Background
Methods
Study design and participants
Procedure and collecting data
Statistical analysis
Results
The socio-demographic characteristics of the parents in the study cohort
Characteristics of participating parents | Parents of CHD children (n = 120) | Parents of children with minor illnesses (n = 80) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
-Age (mean ± SD) | 36.8 ± 9.4 | 33.4 ± 10.2 | 0.01642* |
-Mothers: no. (%) | 68 (56.7%) | 55 (68.8%) | 0.1624 |
-Fathers: no. (%) | 52 (43.3%) | 25 (31.2%) | 0.0705 |
-Married: no. (%) | 106 (88.3%) | 72 (90%) | 0.9156 |
- Education | |||
Elementary: no. (%) | 85 (70.8%) | 62 (77.5%) | 0.4840 |
High school: no. (%) | 28 (23.4%) | 15 (18.7%) | 0.5130 |
University level: no. (%) | 7 (5.8%) | 3 (3.8%) | 0.6563 |
-Unemployed: no. (%) | 42 (35%) | 36 (45%) | 0.1547 |
-Severity class distribution of children with CHD: | |||
Class I: no. (%) | 54 (45%) | NA | NA |
Class II: no. (%) | 31 (25.8%) | NA | NA |
Class III: no. (%) | 23 (19 .2%) | NA | NA |
Class IV: no. (%) | 12 (10%) | NA | NA |
Clinical characteristics of CHD children
HRQOL among parents of CHD children compared to control population
Domains of the questionnaire | Parents of CHD children (n = 120) | Parents of children with minor illnesses (Control group) (n = 80) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class I subgroup (n = 54) | Class II subgroup (n = 31) | Class III subgroup (n = 23) | Class IV subgroup (n = 12) | Total group of parents of CHD children (n = 120) | ||
D1- Physical | 66.31 ± 9.5 | 59.14 ± 12.3 | 54.49 ± 13.4 | 42.76 ± 13.2 | 55.68 ± 12.1 | 88.64 ± 9.02 * |
D2- Psychological | 62.12 ± 7.3 | 50.35 ± 9.8 | 45.87 ± 11.9 | 39.13 ± 9.9 | 49.37 ± 9.7 | 79.56 ± 11.3 * |
D3- Social | 65.4 ± 12.8 | 49.19 ± 11.2 | 52.13 ± 14.2 | 45.67 ± 14.3 | 53.1 ± 13.1 | 89.37 ± 13.7 * |
D4- Environmental | 59.89 ± 11.5 | 56.89 ± 9.2 | 55.18 ± 9.7 | 47.89 ± 11.5 | 54.96 ± 10.5 | 84.61 ± 8.7 * |
-Perception of QOL | 55.39 ± 9.2 | 51.74 ± 10.4 | 52.9 ± 7.9 | 43.12 ± 13.9 | 50.78 ± 10.4 | 86.05 ± 11.8 * |
-Health satisfaction | 54.19 ± 12.4 | 54.91 ± 7.8 | 55.29 ± 9.8 | 48.3 ± 9.4 | 53.17 ± 9.8 | 82.39 ± 12.3 * |
Total score of domains | 60.55 ± 10.5 | 53.7 ± 10.1 # | 52.64 ± 11.2 # | 44.47 ± 12 ### | 52.84 ± 11 | 85.2 ± 11.1 * |
Evaluation of the internal consistency (IC) of HRQOL-BREF questionnaire
α-C parents of CHD children (n = 120) | α-C parents of children with minor illnesses (n = 80) | |
---|---|---|
HRQOL-BREF questionnaire Items | ||
1. How would you rate your quality of life? | 0.84 | 0.87 |
2. How satisfied are you with your health? | 0.84 | 0.87 |
3. Do you feel physical pain prevents you from doing what you need to do? | 0.85 | 0.86 |
4. How much do you need medical treatment to function in your daily life? | 0.85 | 0.88 |
5. How much do you enjoy life? | 0.84 | 0.87 |
6. To what extent do you feel your life to be meaningful? | 0.84 | 0.87 |
7. How well are you able to concentrate? | 0.85 | 0.87 |
8. How safe do you feel in your daily life? | 0.84 | 0.88 |
9. How healthy is your physical environment (climate, noise, pollution, appeals)? | 0.84 | 0.87 |
10. Do you have enough energy for everyday life? | 0.85 | 0.86 |
11. Are you able to accept your physical appearance? | 0.84 | 0.87 |
12. Do you have you enough money to meet your needs? | 0.84 | 0.87 |
13. How available to you is information that you need in your day-to-day life? | 0.85 | 0.87 |
14. Do you have the opportunity for leisure activities? | 0.83 | 0.88 |
15. How well are you able to get around? | 0.85 | 0.88 |
16. Are you satisfied with your sleep? | 0.86 | 0.85 |
17. Are you satisfied with your ability to perform daily living activities? | 0.85 | 0.87 |
18. Are you satisfied with your capacity for work? | 0.84 | 0.88 |
19. Are you satisfied with yourself? | 0.85 | 0.87 |
20. Are you satisfied with your personal relationships? | 0.85 | 0.87 |
21. Are you satisfied with your sex life? | 0.84 | 0.86 |
22. Are you satisfied with the support you get from your friends? | 0.84 | 0.88 |
23. Are you satisfied with the conditions of your living place? | 0.85 | 0.87 |
24. Are you satisfied with your access to health services? | 0.84 | 0.86 |
25. Are you satisfied with your transportation? | 0.85 | 0.87 |
26. Do you have negative feelings e.g. bad mood, anxiety, depression? | 0.85 | 0.88 |
Domain | ||
D1- Physical (Q3,4, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18) | 0.85 | 0.86 |
D2- Psychological (Q5, 6, 7, 11, 19, 26) | 0.84 | 0.87 |
D3- Social (Q20, 21, 22) | 0.84 | 0.87 |
D4- Environmental (Q8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 23, 24, 25) | 0.84 | 0.87 |
Perception of QOL (Q1) | 0.84 | 0.87 |
Health satisfaction (Q2) | 0.84 | 0.87 |
Total Score | 0.84 | 0.87 |