Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 1/2009

01.02.2009 | Original Paper

Association Between Anxiety and Smoking in a Sample of Urban Black Men

verfasst von: Bradley N. Collins, Stephen J. Lepore

Erschienen in: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health | Ausgabe 1/2009

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background Anxiety and smoking associations have been examined previously, but not in high risk populations of smokers, such as black males, who bear an excess burden of smoking-related illnesses. Methods This study assessed the relation between self-reported smoking status and anxiety using data collected by structured telephone interviews with a sample of 430 black, middle-aged males participating in an ongoing cancer prevention trial. Results There was a significant association between anxiety caseness and smoking (p = .006), with more probable cases among current smokers. A priori t-tests showed that current smokers had greater anxiety than former and nonsmokers (p’s = 0.02). Among current smokers, greater anxiety was associated with heavier smoking (p = .008), an association not present among former smokers. Discussion This study could guide future experimental studies examining smoking-anxiety associations and inform intervention strategies addressing anxiety in underserved nicotine dependent populations with high tobacco-related risks.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Morissette SB, Tull MT, Gulliver SB, Kamholz BW, Zimering RT. Anxiety, anxiety disorders, tobacco use, and nicotine: a critical review of interrelationships. Psychol Bull. 2007;133(2):245–72.PubMedCrossRef Morissette SB, Tull MT, Gulliver SB, Kamholz BW, Zimering RT. Anxiety, anxiety disorders, tobacco use, and nicotine: a critical review of interrelationships. Psychol Bull. 2007;133(2):245–72.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahluwalia JS, Dang KS, Choi WS, Harris KJ. Smoking behaviors and regular source of health care among African Americans. Prev Med. 2002;34(3):393–6.PubMedCrossRef Ahluwalia JS, Dang KS, Choi WS, Harris KJ. Smoking behaviors and regular source of health care among African Americans. Prev Med. 2002;34(3):393–6.PubMedCrossRef
4.
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Carter JS, Pugh JA, Monterrosa A. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in minorities in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125(3):221–32.PubMed Carter JS, Pugh JA, Monterrosa A. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in minorities in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125(3):221–32.PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Hodgson DC, Zhang W, Zaslavsky AM, Fuchs CS, Wright WE, Ayanian JZ. Relation of hospital volume to colostomy rates and survival for patients with rectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95(10):708–16.PubMedCrossRef Hodgson DC, Zhang W, Zaslavsky AM, Fuchs CS, Wright WE, Ayanian JZ. Relation of hospital volume to colostomy rates and survival for patients with rectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95(10):708–16.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Kabat GC, Morabia A, Wynder EL. Comparison of smoking habits of blacks and whites in a case–control study. Am J Public Health. 1991;81(11):1483–6.PubMedCrossRef Kabat GC, Morabia A, Wynder EL. Comparison of smoking habits of blacks and whites in a case–control study. Am J Public Health. 1991;81(11):1483–6.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Bennett GG, Wolin KY, Okechukwu CA, et al. Nativity and cigarette smoking among lower income blacks: results from the healthy directions study. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008;10(4):305–11.PubMedCrossRef Bennett GG, Wolin KY, Okechukwu CA, et al. Nativity and cigarette smoking among lower income blacks: results from the healthy directions study. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008;10(4):305–11.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Lwegaba A. Excess healthcare cost associated with a low smoking prevalence, Barbados. West Indian Med J. 2004;53(1):12–6.PubMed Lwegaba A. Excess healthcare cost associated with a low smoking prevalence, Barbados. West Indian Med J. 2004;53(1):12–6.PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Klonoff EA, Landrine H. Acculturation and cigarette smoking among African Americans: replication and implications for prevention and cessation programs. J Behav Med. 1999;22(2):195–204.PubMedCrossRef Klonoff EA, Landrine H. Acculturation and cigarette smoking among African Americans: replication and implications for prevention and cessation programs. J Behav Med. 1999;22(2):195–204.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Clark PI, Gautam S, Gerson LW. Effect of menthol cigarettes on biochemical markers of smoke exposure among black and white smokers. Chest. 1996;110(5):1194–8.PubMedCrossRef Clark PI, Gautam S, Gerson LW. Effect of menthol cigarettes on biochemical markers of smoke exposure among black and white smokers. Chest. 1996;110(5):1194–8.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Giovino GA, Schooley MW, Zhu BP, et al. Surveillance for selected tobacco-use behaviors – United States, 1900–1994. MMWR Surveill Summ. 1994;43(3):1–43. Giovino GA, Schooley MW, Zhu BP, et al. Surveillance for selected tobacco-use behaviors – United States, 1900–1994. MMWR Surveill Summ. 1994;43(3):1–43.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Kabat GC, Hebert JR. Use of mentholated cigarettes and lung cancer risk. Cancer Res. 1991;51(24):6510–3.PubMed Kabat GC, Hebert JR. Use of mentholated cigarettes and lung cancer risk. Cancer Res. 1991;51(24):6510–3.PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Okuyemi KS, Ebersole-Robinson M, Nazir N, Ahluwalia JS. African-American menthol and nonmenthol smokers: differences in smoking and cessation experiences. J Natl Med Assoc. 2004;96(9):1208–11.PubMed Okuyemi KS, Ebersole-Robinson M, Nazir N, Ahluwalia JS. African-American menthol and nonmenthol smokers: differences in smoking and cessation experiences. J Natl Med Assoc. 2004;96(9):1208–11.PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Okuyemi KS, Richter KP, Ahluwalia JS, Mosier MC, Nazir N, Resnicow K. Smoking reduction practices among African American smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2002;4 Suppl 2:S167–73.PubMedCrossRef Okuyemi KS, Richter KP, Ahluwalia JS, Mosier MC, Nazir N, Resnicow K. Smoking reduction practices among African American smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2002;4 Suppl 2:S167–73.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Perez-Stable EJ, Herrera B, Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz NL. Nicotine metabolism and intake in black and white smokers. JAMA. 1998;280(2):152–6.PubMedCrossRef Perez-Stable EJ, Herrera B, Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz NL. Nicotine metabolism and intake in black and white smokers. JAMA. 1998;280(2):152–6.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Wagenknecht LE, Cutter GR, Haley NJ, et al. Racial differences in serum cotinine levels among smokers in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults study. Am J Public Health. 1990;80(9):1053–6.PubMedCrossRef Wagenknecht LE, Cutter GR, Haley NJ, et al. Racial differences in serum cotinine levels among smokers in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults study. Am J Public Health. 1990;80(9):1053–6.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Benowitz NL. Clinical pharmacology of nicotine: implications for understanding, preventing, and treating tobacco addiction. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008;83(4):531–41.PubMedCrossRef Benowitz NL. Clinical pharmacology of nicotine: implications for understanding, preventing, and treating tobacco addiction. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008;83(4):531–41.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Mwenifumbo JC, Sellers EM, Tyndale RF. Nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 activity in a population of black African descent: impact of gender and light smoking. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;89(1):24–33.PubMedCrossRef Mwenifumbo JC, Sellers EM, Tyndale RF. Nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 activity in a population of black African descent: impact of gender and light smoking. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;89(1):24–33.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Fiore MC, Novotny TE, Pierce JP, Hatziandreu EJ, Patel KM, Davis RM. Trends in cigarette smoking in the United States. The changing influence of gender and race. JAMA. 1989;261(1):49–55.PubMedCrossRef Fiore MC, Novotny TE, Pierce JP, Hatziandreu EJ, Patel KM, Davis RM. Trends in cigarette smoking in the United States. The changing influence of gender and race. JAMA. 1989;261(1):49–55.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Trinidad DR, Gilpin EA, White MM, Pierce JP. Why does adult African-American smoking prevalence in California remain higher than for non-Hispanic whites. Ethn Dis. 2005;15(3):505–11.PubMed Trinidad DR, Gilpin EA, White MM, Pierce JP. Why does adult African-American smoking prevalence in California remain higher than for non-Hispanic whites. Ethn Dis. 2005;15(3):505–11.PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking cessation during previous year among adults – United States, 1990 and 1991. MMWR. 1998;42(26):504–7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking cessation during previous year among adults – United States, 1990 and 1991. MMWR. 1998;42(26):504–7.
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Brandon TH, Tiffany ST, Obremski KM, Baker TB. Postcessation cigarette use: the process of relapse. Addict Behav. 1990;15(2):105–14.PubMedCrossRef Brandon TH, Tiffany ST, Obremski KM, Baker TB. Postcessation cigarette use: the process of relapse. Addict Behav. 1990;15(2):105–14.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Shiffman S. Relapse following smoking cessation: a situational analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1982;50(1):71–86.PubMedCrossRef Shiffman S. Relapse following smoking cessation: a situational analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1982;50(1):71–86.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat McLaughlin GH. SMOG grading – a new readability formula. J Read. 1969;22:639–46. McLaughlin GH. SMOG grading – a new readability formula. J Read. 1969;22:639–46.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Weinrich SP, Boyd M, Herman J. Tool adaptation to reduce health disparities. In: Stromborg M, Olsen S, editors. Instruments for clinical health-care research. Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers; 2003. p. 20–32. Weinrich SP, Boyd M, Herman J. Tool adaptation to reduce health disparities. In: Stromborg M, Olsen S, editors. Instruments for clinical health-care research. Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers; 2003. p. 20–32.
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67(6):361–70.PubMedCrossRef Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67(6):361–70.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Carlson LE, Bultz BD. Cancer distress screening. Needs, models, and methods. J Psychosom Res. 2003;55(5):403–9.PubMedCrossRef Carlson LE, Bultz BD. Cancer distress screening. Needs, models, and methods. J Psychosom Res. 2003;55(5):403–9.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Sellick SM, Edwardson AD. Screening new cancer patients for psychological distress using the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Psychooncology. 2007;16(6):534–42.PubMedCrossRef Sellick SM, Edwardson AD. Screening new cancer patients for psychological distress using the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Psychooncology. 2007;16(6):534–42.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Hatziandreu EJ, Pierce JP, Fiore MC, Grise V, Novotny TE, Davis RM. The reliability of self-reported cigarette consumption in the United States. Am J Public Health. 1989;79(8):1020–3.PubMedCrossRef Hatziandreu EJ, Pierce JP, Fiore MC, Grise V, Novotny TE, Davis RM. The reliability of self-reported cigarette consumption in the United States. Am J Public Health. 1989;79(8):1020–3.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Grant BF. About 26% of people in the U.S. have an anxiety, mood, impulse control, or substance disorder. Evid Based Ment Health. 2006;9(1):27.PubMedCrossRef Grant BF. About 26% of people in the U.S. have an anxiety, mood, impulse control, or substance disorder. Evid Based Ment Health. 2006;9(1):27.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Collins BN, Brandon TH. Effects of extinction context and retrieval cues on alcohol cue reactivity among nonalcoholic drinkers. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002;70(2):390–7.PubMedCrossRef Collins BN, Brandon TH. Effects of extinction context and retrieval cues on alcohol cue reactivity among nonalcoholic drinkers. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002;70(2):390–7.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Conklin CA. Environments as cues to smoke: implications for human extinction-based research and treatment. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006;14(1):12–9.PubMedCrossRef Conklin CA. Environments as cues to smoke: implications for human extinction-based research and treatment. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006;14(1):12–9.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee JH, Kwon H, Choi J, Yang BH. Cue-exposure therapy to decrease alcohol craving in virtual environment. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2007;10(5):617–23.PubMedCrossRef Lee JH, Kwon H, Choi J, Yang BH. Cue-exposure therapy to decrease alcohol craving in virtual environment. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2007;10(5):617–23.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Marissen MA, Franken IH, Blanken P, van den Brink W, Hendriks VM. Cue exposure therapy for the treatment of opiate addiction: results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2007;76(2):97–105.PubMedCrossRef Marissen MA, Franken IH, Blanken P, van den Brink W, Hendriks VM. Cue exposure therapy for the treatment of opiate addiction: results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2007;76(2):97–105.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Thewissen R, Snijders SJ, Havermans RC, van den Hout M, Jansen A. Renewal of cue-elicited urge to smoke: implications for cue exposure treatment. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44(10):1441–9.PubMedCrossRef Thewissen R, Snijders SJ, Havermans RC, van den Hout M, Jansen A. Renewal of cue-elicited urge to smoke: implications for cue exposure treatment. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44(10):1441–9.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat West R, Hajek P. What happens to anxiety levels on giving up smoking? Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154(11):1589–92.PubMed West R, Hajek P. What happens to anxiety levels on giving up smoking? Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154(11):1589–92.PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Okuyemi KS, Powell JN, Savage CR, et al. Enhanced cue-elicited brain activation in African American compared with Caucasian smokers: an fMRI study. Addict Biol. 2006;11(1):97–106.PubMedCrossRef Okuyemi KS, Powell JN, Savage CR, et al. Enhanced cue-elicited brain activation in African American compared with Caucasian smokers: an fMRI study. Addict Biol. 2006;11(1):97–106.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Association Between Anxiety and Smoking in a Sample of Urban Black Men
verfasst von
Bradley N. Collins
Stephen J. Lepore
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2009
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health / Ausgabe 1/2009
Print ISSN: 1557-1912
Elektronische ISSN: 1557-1920
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-008-9164-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2009

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 1/2009 Zur Ausgabe