Background
Methods
Study subjects and period
Anthropometric measurement
Clinical and blood parameters measurement
Specimen preparation and analysis
Data quality assurance
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Data analysis
Results
Study parameters | Sex | Total N = 214(100%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Male N = 107(50%) | Female
N = 107(50%) | |||
Age (years) | Mean (± Std.)a
| 41.89(±13.5) | 44.02(±11.6) | 42.95(±12.6) |
Diabetes duration (years) | Mean (± Std.)a
| 5.66(±3.1) | 5.99(±3.2) | 5.83(±3.1) |
BMI (Kg/m2) | Mean (± Std.)a
| 25.21(±4.2) | 27.1(±4.9)** | 26.1(±4.5) |
Obese | 17(7.9%) | 638(17.8%) | 55(25.7%) | |
Over Wight | 43(20.1%) | 34(15.9%) | 77 (36.0%) | |
Normal | 40(18.7) | 30(14.0%) | 70(32.7%) | |
Under Wight | 7(3.3%) | 5(2.3%) | 12 (3.3%) | |
WH-R (cm) | Mean (± Std.)a
| 1.4(±0.6) | 1.5(±0.6) | 1.4(±0.6) |
High | 85(39.7%) | 84(39.3%) | 169(79.0%) | |
Low | 22(10.3%) | 23(10.7%) | 45(21.0%) | |
SBP (mmHg) | Mean (± Std.)a
| 131.8(±23.4) | 136.5(±21.6) | 134.2(±22.6) |
High | 53(24.8%) | 62(29.0%) | 115(53.7%) | |
Low | 54(25.2%) | 45(21.1%) | 99(46.3%) | |
DBP (mmHg) | Mean (± Std.)a
| 87.5(±13.2) | 89.3(±13.3) | 88.3(±13.2) |
High | 53(24.8%) | 62(29.0%) | 115(53.7%) | |
Low | 54(25.2%) | 45(21.0%) | 99(46.3%) |
Study parameters | Coefficientsa
| Coefficientsb
| Coefficientsc
| Coefficientsd
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta |
p-value | Beta |
p-value | Beta |
p-value | Beta |
p-value | |
Age (years) | 0.04 | 0.54 | −0.11 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.35 | −0.01 | 0.89 |
Diabetes duration (years) | −0.014 | 0.86 | 0.10 | 0.19 | −0.03 | 0.62 | 0.03 | 0.64 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 0.65 | <0.001* | −0.38 | <0.001* | 0.64 | <0.001* | 0.43 | <0.001* |
WH-R(cm) | 0.04 | 0.48 | 0.15 | 0.07 | −0.11 | 0.13 | 0.23 | <0.001* |
Study parameters control for age and sex | TC (mg/dL) | HDL-C (mg/dL) | LDL-C (mg/dL) | TG (mg/dL) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zn+2 (μg/dL) | Correlation | −0.269 | 0.218 | −0.261 | −0.245 |
Significance (2-tailed) | <0.001* | <0.001* | <0.001* | <0.001* | |
Mg+2 (mg/dL) | Correlation | −0.200 | 0.284 | −0.237 | −0.151 |
Significance (2-tailed) | 0.003* | <0.001* | <0.001* | 0.028 | |
Cr+3 (μg/L) | Correlation | −0.173 | 0.226 | −0.204 | −0.096 |
Significance (2-tailed) | 0.012* | <0.001* | 0.003* | 0.162 | |
Ca +2 (mg/dL) | Correlation | −0.176 | 0.140 | −0.103 | −0.225 |
Significance (2-tailed) | <0.01* | 0.041 | 0.133 | <0.001* | |
Po4
_3 (mg/dL) | Correlation | −0.142 | 0.195 | −0.120 | −0.117 |
Significance (2-tailed) | 0.039 | 0.004* | 0.080 | 0.090 | |
Mn+2 (μg/L) | Correlation | −0.091 | 0.023 | −0.117 | −0.017 |
Significance (2-tailed) | 0.189 | 0.742 | 0.088 | 0.809 | |
Cu+2 (μg/dL) | Correlation | −0.031 | 0.021 | −0.077 | 0.096 |
Significance (2-tailed) | 0.658 | 0.761 | 0.264 | 0.165 | |
Fe+3 (μg/dL) | Correlation | −0.186 | −0.005 | −0.162 | −0.092 |
Significance (2-tailed) | 0.007* | 0.940 | 0.020 | 0.183 |
Study parameters | Coefficientsa
| Coefficientsb
| Coefficientsc
| Coefficientsd
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta |
P-value | Beta |
P-value | Beta |
p-value | Beta |
p-value | |
Zn+2 (μg/dL) | −0.25 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.65 | −0.21 | 0.05 | −0.23 | 0.03 |
Mg+2 (mg/dL) | 0.01 | 0.98 | 0.20 | 0.06 | −0.06 | 0.55 | 0.05 | 0.63 |
Cr+3(μg/L) | −0.06 | 0.38 | 0.10 | 0.17 | −0.10 | 0.180 | −0.01 | 0.88 |
Ca+2 (mg/dL) | −0.14 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.46 | −0.06 | 0.41 | −0.21 | 0.01* |
Po4
−3 (mg/dL) | −0.08 | 0.34 | 0.12 | 0.13 | −0.09 | 0.33 | −0.02 | 0.82 |
Mn+2 (μg/L) | −0.07 | 0.32 | −0.01 | 0.89 | −0.07 | 0.32 | −0.04 | 0.53 |
Cu+2 (μg/dL) | −0.05 | 0.51 | 0.07 | 0.34 | −0.09 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.43 |
Fe+3 (μg/dL) | −0.17 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.85 | −0.14 | 0.04 | −0.09 | 0.21 |