nach oben

European Journal of Ageing

Erschienen in:

01.12.2012 | Original Investigation

Associations between received social support and positive and negative affect: evidence for age differences from a daily-diary study

verfasst von: Urte Scholz, Matthias Kliegel, Aleksandra Luszczynska, Nina Knoll

Erschienen in: European Journal of Ageing | Ausgabe 4/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests negative associations between received social support and emotional well-being. So far, these studies mainly focused on younger adults. Quantity and quality of social support changes with age; therefore, this study investigated whether there are age differences regarding the association between received social support and positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Moreover, it was tested whether these age effects might be due to a differential effectiveness of different sources of support for younger and older individuals. Forty-two individuals (21 younger adults, aged 21–40 and 21 older adults, aged 61–73) completed 30-daily diaries on their received social support, PA/NA and the sources of support provision. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Results indicated age-related differential effects: for younger individuals, received social support was negatively associated with indicators of emotional well-being, whereas these associations were positive for older respondents. Regarding NA, these effects held when testing lagged predictions and controlling for previous-day affect. No age differences emerged regarding the associations between different sources of support and indicators of affect. Conceptual implications of these age-differential findings are discussed.

Almeida DM, Wethington E, Kessler RC (2002) The daily inventory of stressful events: an interview-based approach for measuring daily stressors. Assessment 9(1):41–55

Antonucci TC, Jackson JS (1990) The role of reciprocity in social support. In: Sarason BR, Sarason IG, Pierce GR (eds) Social support: an interactional view. Wiley, New York, pp 173–198

Bolger N, Amarel D (2007) Effects of social support visibility on adjustment to stress: experimental evidence. J Pers Soc Psychol 92(3):458–475. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.458 CrossRef

Bolger N, Zuckerman A, Kessler RC (2000) Invisible support and adjustment to stress. J Pers Soc Psychol 79(6):953–961CrossRef

Carstensen LL, Isaacowitz DM, Charles ST (1999) Taking time seriously. A theory of socioemotional selectivity. Am Psychol 54(3):165–181CrossRef

Charles ST, Reynolds CA, Gatz M (2001) Age-related differences and change in positive and negative affect over 23 years. J Pers Soc Psychol 80(1):136–151CrossRef

Cohen S (2004) Social relationships and health. Am Psychol 59(8):676–684. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.59.8.676 CrossRef

Cohen S, Karmarck T, Mermelstein R (1983) A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav 24:385–396CrossRef

Fingerman KL, Miller L, Charles S (2008) Saving the best for last: how adults treat social partners of different ages. Psychol Aging 23(2):399–409. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.23.2.399 CrossRef

Fung HH, Carstensen LL (2004) Motivational changes in response to blocked goals and foreshortened time: testing alternatives to socioemotional selectivity theory. Psychol Aging 19(1):68–78. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.19.1.682004-11614-007 CrossRef

Graham JW (2009) Missing data analysis: making it work in the real world. Annu Rev Psychol 60:549–576. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085530 CrossRef

Gross JJ, Carstensen LL, Pasupathi M, Tsai J, Skorpen CG, Hsu AYC (1997) Emotion and aging: experience, expression, and control. Psychol Aging 12(4):590–599CrossRef

Hays JC, Steffens DC, Flint EP, Bosworth HB, George LK (2001) Does social support buffer functional decline in elderly patients with unipolar depression? Am J Psychiatry 158(11):1850–1855CrossRef

Keyes CL (2002) The exchange of emotional support with age and its relationship with emotional well-being by age. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 57(6):518–525CrossRef

Kleiboer AM, Kuijer RG, Hox JJ, Schreurs KMG, Bensing JM (2006) Receiving and providing support in couples dealing with multiple sclerosis: a diary study using an equity perspective. Pers Relatsh 13(4):485–501CrossRef

Knoll N, Kienle R, Bauer K, Pffueller B, Luszczynska A (2007a) Affect and enacted support in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization: when providing is better than receiving. Soc Sci Med 64(9):1789–1801. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.01.004 CrossRef

Knoll N, Rieckmann N, Kienle R (2007b) The other way around: does health predict perceived support? Anxiety Stress Coping 20(1):3–16. doi:10.1080/10615800601032823 CrossRef

Krause N (2005) Exploring age differences in the stress-buffering function of social support. Psychol Aging 20(4):714–717. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.20.4.714 CrossRef

Kreft I, DeLeeuw J (1998) Introducing multilevel modeling. SAGE, London

Lang FR (2001) Regulation of social relationships in later adulthood. J Gerontol B 56(6):321–326CrossRef

Levitt MJ, Weber RA, Guacci N (1993) Convoys of social support: an intergenerational analysis. Psychol Aging 8(3):323–326CrossRef

Li LW, Liang J (2007) Social exchanges and subjective well-being among older Chinese: does age make a difference? Psychol Aging 22(2):386–391. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.22.2.386 CrossRef

Martire LM, Stephens MA, Druley JA, Wojno WC (2002) Negative reactions to received spousal care: predictors and consequences of miscarried support. Health Psychol 21(2):167–176CrossRef

Norris FH, Kaniasty K (1996) Received and perceived social support in times of stress: a test of the social support deterioration deterrence model. J Pers Soc Psychol 71(3):498–511CrossRef

Okun MA, Keith VM (1998) Effects of positive and negative social exchanges with various sources on depressive symptoms in younger and older adults. J Gerontol B 53(1):P4–20CrossRef

Radloff LS (1977) The CES-D scale. A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. J Appl Psychol Meas 1:385–401CrossRef

Raudenbush SW, Bryk AS (2002) Hierarchical linear models. Application and data analysis methods. SAGE, Thousand Oaks

Rook KS (1984) The negative side of social interaction: impact on psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol 46(5):1097–1108CrossRef

Rook KS (1987) Reciprocity of social-exchange and social satisfaction among older women. J Pers Soc Psychol 52(1):145–154CrossRef

Sarason IG, Pierce GR, Sarason BR (1990) Social support and interactional processes—a triadic hypothesis. J Soc Pers Relat 7(4):495–506CrossRef

Schulz U, Schwarzer R (2003) Social support in coping with illness: the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS). Diagnostica 49(2):73–82. doi:10.1026//0012-1924.49.2.73 CrossRef

Schwarz N (2007) Retrospective and concurrent self-reports: the rationale for real-time data capture. In: Stone AA, Shiffman S, Atienza AA, Nebeling L (eds) The science of real-time data capture self-reports in health research. University Press, Oxford, pp 11–27

Schwarzer R, Knoll N (2010) Social support. In: Kaptein A, Vedhara K, Weinman J (eds) Health psychology. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 283–293

Seidman G, Shrout PE, Bolger N (2006) Why is enacted social support associated with increased distress? Using simulation to test two possible sources of spuriousness. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 32(1):52–65. doi:10.1177/0146167205279582 CrossRef

Uchino BN, Cacioppo JT, Kiecolt-Glaser JK (1996) The relationship between social support and physiological processes: a review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health. Psychol Bull 119(3):488–531CrossRef

Walster E, Walster G, Berscheid E (1978) Equity. Allyn & Bacon, Boston

Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A (1988) Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol 54(6):1063–1070CrossRef

Titel: Associations between received social support and positive and negative affect: evidence for age differences from a daily-diary study
verfasst von: Urte Scholz
Matthias Kliegel
Aleksandra Luszczynska
Nina Knoll
Publikationsdatum: 01.12.2012
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: European Journal of Ageing / Ausgabe 4/2012
Print ISSN: 1613-9372
Elektronische ISSN: 1613-9380
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-012-0236-6

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2012

‘Who is going to explain it to me so that I understand?’ Health care needs and experiences of older patients with advanced heart failure

Adolescent grandchildren’s perceptions of grandparents’ involvement in UK: an interpretation from life course and evolutionary theory perspective

The moderating role of age in the relationship between volunteering motives and well-being

Dementia worry: a psychological examination of an unexplored phenomenon

The relationship between older adults’ self-management abilities, well-being and depression

Loneliness in old age in Eastern and Western European societies: theoretical perspectives