Background
Methods
Study design and patient population
Survey instrument
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient characteristics
Total respondents | Willing to participate | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
N | % | ||
Total
|
297
| 49.8 | |
Age
| |||
≤55 | 71 | 60.6 |
0.037
|
56-65 | 130 | 50.8 | |
>65 | 96 | 40.6 | |
Race/Ethnicity
| |||
White | 250 | 51.2 | 0.28 |
Non-White | 47 | 42.6 | |
Educational level
| |||
High school or less | 121 | 35.5 |
<0.001
|
College | 76 | 69.7 | |
Graduate/professional school | 99 | 51.5 | |
Employment
| |||
Full-time | 112 | 50.9 | 0.54 |
Part-time | 40 | 42.5 | |
Not currently | 141 | 52.5 | |
Stage
| 0.70 | ||
I | 99 | 45.4 | |
II | 141 | 49.6 | |
III | 32 | 53.1 | |
Chemotherapy
| 0.17 | ||
No | 118 | 44.9 | |
Yes | 179 | 53.1 | |
Radiation therapy
|
0.017
| ||
No | 106 | 40.6 | |
Yes | 191 | 55.0 | |
Type of AI
|
0.056
| ||
Exemestane | 57 | 43.9 | |
Anastrazole | 171 | 46.8 | |
Letrozole | 69 | 62.3 | |
Months on AI
| 23.5 | 21.7 | 0.11 |
Prior acupuncture use
|
0.004
| ||
No | 271 | 47.2 | |
Yes | 26 | 76.9 | |
CAM user
|
<0.001
| ||
No | 114 | 36.8 | |
Yes | 183 | 57.9 | |
Co-morbidity
|
0.037
| ||
None | 86 | 59.3 | |
Yes | 211 | 46.0 | |
Joint pain during past 7 days
|
0.038
| ||
None | 54 | 35.2 | |
Mild/moderate | 189 | 51.8 | |
Severe or more | 53 | 58.5 | |
Mean for WTP
|
Std Dev.
| ||
Acupuncture expectancy scale
| 11.5 | 4.07 |
<0.001
|
Socio-demographic, clinical, and psychological factors related to WTP
Barriers to participating in an acupuncture trial
Travel difficulty | Concern with experimentation | Don’t want placebo | Demanding job | Home responsibilities | No interest in acupuncture | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | p-value | N | % | p-value | N | % | p-value | N | % | p-value | N | % | p-value | N | % | p- value | |
Age
| 0.90 |
<0.001
|
0.063
|
<0.001
|
0.003
|
0.008
| ||||||||||||
≤55 | 34 | 47.9 | 13 | 18.3 | 29 | 40.9 | 42 | 59.2 | 44 | 62.0 | 14 | 19.4 | ||||||
56-65 | 58 | 45.0 | 23 | 18.1 | 53 | 41.4 | 46 | 36.5 | 54 | 42.5 | 30 | 23.1 | ||||||
>65 | 42 | 44.7 | 37 | 40.2 | 52 | 55.9 | 15 | 16.3 | 33 | 35.5 | 37 | 38.5 | ||||||
Race
|
0.018
|
0.024
| 0.27 | 0.42 | 0.96 | 0.43 | ||||||||||||
White | 120 | 48.6 | 55 | 22.6 | 109 | 44.5 | 89 | 36.6 | 110 | 45.1 | 66 | 26.3 | ||||||
Non-White | 14 | 29.8 | 18 | 38.3 | 25 | 53.2 | 14 | 30.4 | 21 | 44.7 | 15 | 31.9 | ||||||
Education
| 0.54 |
<0.001
|
0.005
| 0.18 | 0.40 |
0.001
| ||||||||||||
High school** | 59 | 48.8 | 49 | 40.8 | 68 | 56.2 | 35 | 29.7 | 57 | 47.5 | 47 | 38.5 | ||||||
College | 30 | 40.5 | 9 | 12.3 | 24 | 32.9 | 28 | 38.4 | 28 | 38.4 | 15 | 19.7 | ||||||
Graduate | 45 | 45.9 | 15 | 15.6 | 42 | 43.3 | 40 | 41.2 | 46 | 47.4 | 19 | 19.2 | ||||||
Employment
| 0.24 |
0.037
|
0.100
|
<0.001
|
0.031
| 0.17 | ||||||||||||
Full-time | 53 | 48.2 | 21 | 19.1 | 45 | 40.9 | 79 | 71.2 | 59 | 53.2 | 27 | 23.9 | ||||||
Part-time | 21 | 53.9 | 6 | 15.8 | 14 | 35.9 | 13 | 33.3 | 20 | 51.3 | 15 | 38.5 | ||||||
Not currently | 57 | 40.4 | 43 | 31.2 | 72 | 51.8 | 10 | 7.4 | 51 | 37.2 | 35 | 24.7 |
Multivariate analyses: factors related to WTP
Model 1* | Model 2+
| Model 3++
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bivariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
Pseudo R2 = 0.20 | Pseudo R2 = 0.25 | Pseudo R2 = 0.36 | ||||||
O.R. (95% C.I.) |
p-value | A.O.R. (95% C.I.) |
p-value | A.O.R. (95% C.I.) |
p-value | A.O.R. (95% C.I.) |
p-value | |
Age
| ||||||||
≤55 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
56-65 | 0.67 (0.37-1.21) | 0.18 | 0.77 (0.38-1.58) | 0.48 | ||||
>65 | 0.44 (0.24-0.83) |
0.011
| 0.85 (0.40-1.83) | 0.68 | ||||
Education
| ||||||||
High school or less | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
College | 4.18 (2.26-7.73) | <0.001
| 4.07 (1.97-8.42) |
<0.001
| 4.24 (1.77-10.17) |
0.001
| ||
Graduate | 1.93 (1.12-3.31) |
0.018
| 1.86 (0.97-3.56) | 0.062 | 1.27 (0.62-2.61) | 0.51 | ||
Radiation therapy
| ||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Yes | 1.79 (1.10-2.89) |
0.017
| 2.09 (1.16-3.76) |
0.014
| 2.72 (1.39-5.32) |
0.004
| ||
CAM use
| ||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Yes | 2.36 (1.46-3.82) |
<0.001
| 1.26 (0.71-2.24) | 0.43 | ||||
Joint pain during past 7 days
| ||||||||
None | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Mild/moderate | 1.98 (1.06-3.71) |
0.032
| 2.06 (0.96-4.44) | 0.064 | 1.48 (0.61-3.57) | 0.38 | ||
Severe or more | 2.60 (1.19-5.67) |
0.017
| 3.49 (1.34-9.04) |
0.01
| 2.77 (0.89-8.59) | 0.078 | ||
Co-morbidity
| ||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Yes | 0.58 (0.35-0.97) |
0.038
| 0.65 (0.34-1.23) | 0.19 | ||||
Acupuncture expectancy scale
| 1.19 (1.12-1.26) |
<0.001
| 1.20 (1.12-1.28) |
<0.001
| 1.17 (1.08-1.26) |
<0.001
| ||
Travel difficulty
| ||||||||
Disagree | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Agree | 0.27 (0.16-0.44) |
<0.001
| 0.41 (0.23-0.75) |
0.003
| 0.36 (0.19-0.68) |
0.002
| ||
Concern with experimentation
| ||||||||
Disagree | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Agree | 0.13 (0.069-0.26) |
<0.001
| 0.34 (0.14-0.81) |
0.015
| 0.31 (0.13-0.78) |
0.013
| ||
Don't want placebo
| ||||||||
Disagree | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Agree | 0.40 (0.24-0.64) |
<0.001
| 0.96 (0.50-1.83) | 0.90 | ||||
Demanding job
| ||||||||
Disagree | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Agree | 0.73 (0.45-1.18) | 0.196 | 1.10 (0.58-2.09) | 0.77 | ||||
Home responsibilities
| ||||||||
Disagree | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Agree | 0.39 (0.24-0.62) |
<0.001
| 0.77 (0.41-1.42) | 0.40 | ||||
Not interested in acupuncture
| ||||||||
Disagree | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Agree | 0.051(0.022-0.12) |
<0.001
| 0.098 (0.040-0.24) |
<0.001
| 0.12 (0.043-0.35) |
<0.001
|