Background
Methods
Questionnaire design
Data collection
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics of respondents
Doctor (n = 295) | Nurse (n = 268) | Pharmacist (n = 288) | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
Male | 145(49.15) | 9(3.36) | 129(44.79) | 283(33.25) |
Female | 150(50.85) | 259(96.64) | 159(55.21) | 568(66.75) |
Age | ||||
18~30 | 119(40.34) | 95(35.45) | 115(39.93) | 329(38.66) |
31~40 | 63(21.36) | 44(16.42) | 61(21.18) | 168(19.74) |
41~50 | 62(21.02) | 103(38.43) | 80(27.78) | 245(28.79) |
51~60 | 51(17.28) | 26(9.70) | 32(11.11) | 109(12.81) |
Education | ||||
Senior high school | 7(2.37) | 50(18.66) | 40(13.89) | 97(11.40) |
Associate degree | 43(14.58) | 87(32.46) | 54(18.75) | 184(21.62) |
Baccalaureate | 197(66.78) | 125(46.64) | 153(53.13) | 475(55.82) |
Master degree | 36(12.20) | 6(2.24) | 38(13.19) | 80(9.40) |
Doctorate | 12(4.07) | 0(0.00) | 3(1.04) | 15(1.76) |
Professional title | ||||
Primary | 135(45.76) | 138(51.49) | 143(49.65) | 416(48.88) |
Secondary | 85(28.81) | 108(40.30) | 119(41.32) | 312(36.66) |
Senior | 75(25.43) | 22(8.21) | 26(9.03) | 123(14.46) |
Hospital nature | ||||
Public | 275(93.22) | 253(94.40) | 275(95.49) | 803(94.36) |
Private | 20(6.78) | 15(5.60) | 13(4.51) | 48(5.64) |
Hospital type | ||||
Comprehensive | 265(89.83) | 228(85.07) | 259(89.93) | 752(88.37) |
Specialized | 30(10.17) | 40(14.93) | 29(10.07) | 99(11.63) |
Hospital grade | ||||
Grade-one | 27(9.15) | 49(18.28) | 17(5.90) | 93(10.93) |
Secondary | 123(41.69) | 136(50.75) | 106(36.81) | 365(42.89) |
Tertiary | 145(49.15) | 83(30.97) | 165(57.29) | 393(46.18) |
The awareness of respondents regarding PPI knowledge
No | Questions (right answer) | Doctor (n = 295) | Nurse (n = 268) | Pharmacist (n = 288) | Total | χ2 | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Is PPI inactive prodrug? (yes) | 202(68.47) | 141(52.61) | 215(74.65) | 558(65.57) | 31.559 | 0.000 |
2 | Do PPIs include omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, esomeprazole, etc.? (yes) | 226(76.61) | 178(66.42) | 224(77.78) | 628(73.80) | 11.114 | 0.004 |
3 | Do PPI cure acid-related diseases by suppressing hydrochloric acid secretion? (yes) | 275(93.22) | 241(89.93) | 266(92.36) | 782(91.89) | 2.175 | 0.337 |
4 | Can PPI be used to prevent stress ulcer? (yes) | 199(67.46) | 156(58.21) | 203(70.49) | 558(65.57) | 9.981 | 0.007 |
5 | Can PPI be used to treat acute pancreatitis? (yes) | 130(44.07) | 88(32.84) | 125(43.40) | 343(40.31) | 9.099 | 0.011 |
6 | Does omeprazole have the largest individual difference compared with other PPIs? (yes) | 131(44.41) | 104(38.81) | 152(52.78) | 387(45.48) | 11.137 | 0.004 |
7 | Does omeprazole have the largest interaction compared with other PPIs? (no) | 148(50.17) | 99(36.94) | 156(54.17) | 403(47.36) | 17.958 | 0.000 |
8 | Does esomeprazole have the longest acid inhibition time compared with other PPIs? (yes) | 140(47.46) | 79(29.48) | 159(55.21) | 378(44.42) | 38.917 | 0.000 |
9 | Should omeprazole be selected for pediatric patients? (yes) | 136(46.10) | 92(34.33) | 116(40.28) | 344(40.42) | 8.086 | 0.018 |
10 | Should rabeprazole be selected for pregnant patients? (no) | 183(62.03) | 65(24.25) | 223(77.43) | 471(55.35) | 167.007 | 0.000 |
11 | Do you think the more expensive or newer PPI will produce better and safer effect? (no) | 257(87.12) | 226(84.33) | 253(87.85) | 736(86.49) | 1.625 | 0.444 |
12 | Is PPI usually available as enteric-coated capsules or tablets? (yes) | 234(79.32) | 185(69.03) | 227(78.82) | 646(75.91) | 10.149 | 0.006 |
13 | Should PPI usually be taken at breakfast? (yes) | 133(45.08) | 42(15.67) | 244(84.72) | 419(49.24) | 267.932 | 0.000 |
14 | Should PPI be taken after meal? (no) | 198(67.12) | 151(56.34) | 242(84.03) | 591(69.45) | 51.299 | 0.000 |
15 | Should PPI be swallowed as whole piece? (yes) | 253(85.76) | 205(76.49) | 260(90.28) | 718(84.37) | 20.669 | 0.000 |
16 | Is it advisable to increase thedose frequency rather than a single dose to improve effect? (yes) | 174(58.98) | 94(35.07) | 155(53.82) | 423(49.71) | 35.055 | 0.000 |
17 | Should patients take PPI for only 7 days in the Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy? (no) | 215(72.88) | 159(59.33) | 204(70.83) | 578(67.92) | 13.534 | 0.001 |
18 | DoesPPI treatment of gastric ulcer take 2 weeks to 4 weeks? (no) | 168(56.95) | 127(47.39) | 157(54.51) | 452(53.11) | 5.497 | 0.064 |
19 | Is duration of PPI prophylaxis until no high risk factors, or able to tolerate enteral feeding? (yes) | 40(13.56) | 24(8.96) | 42(14.58) | 106(12.46) | 4.537 | 0.103 |
20 | Do you think long-term use of PPI may cause adverse reactions such as osteoporosis, pneumonia, etc.? (yes) | 202(68.47) | 179(66.79) | 219(76.04) | 600(70.51) | 6.608 | 0.037 |
Doctor | Nurse | Pharmacist | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Awareness | 61.78 ± 12.90# | 49.14 ± 14.40* | 66.70 ± 14.59*# | 59.47 ± 15.75 |
Attitude | 22.14 ± 4.10 | 21.91 ± 3.69 | 23.93 ± 3.49*# | 22.68 ± 3.88 |
Behavior | 20.68 ± 2.25# | 18.35 ± 2.65* | 20.93 ± 2.50# | 20.04 ± 2.72 |
Score | F | P | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | 12.713 | 0.000 | |
Male | 62.17 ± 14.28 | ||
Female | 58.12 ± 16.27 | ||
Age | 6.633 | 0.000 | |
18~30 | 57.80 ± 15.23 | ||
31~40 | 64.14 ± 16.62 | ||
41~50 | 58.45 ± 15.47 | ||
51~60 | 59.59 ± 15.28 | ||
Occupation | 115.849 | 0.000 | |
Doctor | 61.78 ± 12.90 | ||
Nurse | 49.14 ± 14.40 | ||
Pharmacist | 66.70 ± 14.59 | ||
Education | 9.065 | 0.000 | |
Senior high school | 56.91 ± 13.45 | ||
Associate degree | 56.93 ± 16.94 | ||
Baccalaureate | 59.34 ± 15.36 | ||
Master degree | 68.63 ± 14.65 | ||
Doctorate | 62.33 ± 15.45 | ||
Professional title | 3.067 | 0.047 | |
Primary | 58.33 ± 14.67 | ||
Secondary | 59.90 ± 16.61 | ||
Senior | 62.20 ± 16.72 | ||
Hospital nature | 3.916 | 0.048 | |
Public | 59.73 ± 15.74 | ||
Private | 55.10 ± 15.35 | ||
Hospital type | 0.007 | 0.935 | |
Comprehensive | 59.48 ± 15.83 | ||
Specialized | 59.34 ± 15.19 | ||
Hospital grade | 4.453 | 0.012 | |
Grade-one | 56.45 ± 15.56 | ||
Secondary | 58.51 ± 15.47 | ||
Tertiary | 61.07 ± 15.90 |
The attitude of respondents regarding PPI use
Questions (completely agree, almost agree) | Doctor (n = 295) | Nurse (n = 268) | Pharmacist (n = 288) | Total | χ2 | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overuse of PPI is common at presentin China. | 258(87.46) | 220(82.09) | 254(90.97) | 732(86.02) | 5.081 | 0.079 |
The main cause of PPI overuse is doctors’ or patients’ abuse of PPI. | 190(64.41) | 192(71.64) | 208(72.22) | 590(69.33) | 5.169 | 0.075 |
The main purpose of PPI overuse is SUP. | 133(45.08) | 68(25.37) | 154(53.47) | 355(41.72) | 47.188 | 0.000 |
Overuse of PPI will cause an increase in adverse drug reaction and medical cost. | 197(66.78) | 188(70.15) | 224(77.78) | 609(71.56) | 9.046 | 0.011 |
Necessary to carry out large scale education on rational use of PPI for medical staff and the public. | 208(70.51) | 172(64.18) | 233(80.90) | 613(72.03) | 19.793 | 0.000 |
Necessary to strengthen the management of community pharmacy. | 124(42.03) | 84(31.34) | 107(37.15) | 315(37.02) | 6.888 | 0.032 |
The behavior of respondents toward PPI use
Used | Unused | usage rate(%) | χ2/Z | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.601 | 0.438 | |||
Male | 132 | 151 | 46.64 | ||
Female | 249 | 319 | 43.84 | ||
Age | 0.554 | 0.580 | |||
18~30 | 134 | 195 | 40.73 | ||
31~40 | 93 | 75 | 55.36 | ||
41~50 | 108 | 137 | 44.08 | ||
51~60 | 46 | 63 | 42.20 | ||
Occupation | 6.823 | 0.033 | |||
Doctor | 150 | 145 | 50.85 | ||
Nurse | 113 | 155 | 42.16 | ||
Pharmacist | 118 | 170 | 40.97 | ||
Education | 0.127 | 0.899 | |||
Senior high school | 45 | 52 | 46.39 | ||
Associate degree | 82 | 102 | 44.57 | ||
Baccalaureate | 208 | 267 | 43.79 | ||
Master degree | 38 | 42 | 47.50 | ||
Doctorate | 8 | 7 | 53.33 | ||
Professional title | 2.395 | 0.017 | |||
Primary | 169 | 247 | 40.63 | ||
Secondary | 150 | 162 | 48.08 | ||
Senior | 62 | 61 | 50.41 | ||
Hospital nature | 0.563 | 0.453 | |||
Public | 357 | 446 | 44.46 | ||
Private | 24 | 24 | 50.00 | ||
Hospital type | 0.13 | 0.719 | |||
Comprehensive | 335 | 417 | 44.55 | ||
Specialized | 46 | 53 | 46.46 | ||
Hospital grade | 1.596 | 0.111 | |||
Grade-one | 51 | 42 | 54.84 | ||
Secondary | 162 | 203 | 44.38 | ||
Tertiary | 168 | 225 | 42.75 |
Questions (always, often) | Doctor (n = 295) | Nurse (n = 268) | Pharmacist (n = 288) | Total | χ2 | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Use PPI when abdominal pain | 13(4.41) | 45(16.79) | 21(7.29) | 79(9.28) | 27.625 | 0.000 |
Use PPI when ventosity | 24(8.14) | 47(17.54) | 36(12.50) | 107(12.57) | 11.294 | 0.004 |
Use PPI when nausea | 12(4.07) | 22(8.21) | 20(6.94) | 54(6.35) | 4.315 | 0.116 |
Use PPI when vomiting | 20(6.78) | 41(15.30) | 29(10.07) | 90(10.58) | 10.894 | 0.004 |
Use PPI when acid reflux | 30(10.17) | 50(18.66) | 42(14.58) | 104(14.34) | 8.258 | 0.016 |