Background
Methods
Design
Participants
Procedure
Instruments
Assessment of risk of ED and diagnoses
Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT) [31]
Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) [32]
Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA)
Anthropometric measurements and assessment of energy intake
Food record
24-hour recall
Anthropometric assessment
DNA extraction and genotyping
Statistical analysis
Results
ED severity | Val/Vala
| Val/Metb
| Met/Metc
| p-value | p-value a vs b+c | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n % (95% CI) | n % (95% CI) | n % (95% CI) | |||||||
Risk | 32 | 76.2 (60.6-87.9) | 9 | 21.4 (10.3-36.8) | 1 | 2.4 (0.0-12.6) | |||
Male | Diagnosis | 7 | 43.8 (19.8-70.1) | 7 | 43.8 (19.8-70.1) | 2 | 12.5 (1.6-38.3) | 0.181 | 0.099 |
Control | 22 | 64.7 (46.5-80.3) | 9 | 2 6.5 (12.9-44.4) | 3 | 8.8 (1.9-23.7) | |||
Risk | 28 | 68.3 (51.9-81.9) | 12 | 29.3 (16.1-45.5) | 1 | 2.4 (0.1-12.9) | |||
Female | Diagnosis | 17 | 73.9 (51.6-89.8) | 6 | 26.1 (10.2-48.4) | 0 | - | 0.562 | 0.527 |
Control | 25 | 61.0 (44.5-75.8) | 13 | 31.7 (18.1-48.1) | 3 | 7.3 (1.5-19.9) | |||
Risk | 60 | 72.3 (61.4-81.5) | 21 | 25.3 (16.4-36.0) | 2 | 2.4 (0.3-8.4) | |||
All | Diagnosis | 24 | 61.5 (44.6-76.6) | 13 | 33.3 (19.1-50.2) | 2 | 5.1 (0.6-17.3) | 0.433 | 0.199 |
Control | 47 | 62.7 (50.7-73.6) | 22 | 29.3 (19.4-41.0) | 6 | 8.0 (3.0-16.6) |
Evolution of risk | Evolution of diagnosis | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Val/Vala
| Val/Metb
| Met/Metc
| Val/Vala
| Val/Metb
| Met/Metc
| |||||
n % (95% CI) | n % (95% CI) | n % (95% CI) | p-value | p-value a vs b+c | n % (95% CI) | n % (95% CI) | n % (95% CI) | p-value | p-value a vs b+c | |
No→No
| 42 66.7 (53.7-78.0) | 16 25.4 (15.3-37.9) | 5 7.9 (2.6-17.6) | 89 68.5 (60.5-76.4) | 35 26.9 (19.3-34.5) | 6 4.6 (1.7-9.8) | ||||
Yes→No
| 49 66.2 (54.3-76.8) | 23 31.1 (20.8-42.9) | 2 2.7 (0.3-9.4) | 0.381 | 0.343 | 9 50.0 (26.0-74.0) | 8 44.4 (21.5-69.2) | 1 5.6 (0.1-27.3) | 0.797 | 0.298 |
No→Yes
| 5 41.7 (15.2-72.3) | 6 50.0 (21.1-78.9) | 1 8.3 (0.2-38.5) | 18 64.3 (44.1-81.4) | 8 28.6 (13.2-48.7) | 2 7.1 (0.9-23.5) | ||||
Yes→Yes
| 35 72.9 (58.2-84.7) | 11 22.9 (12.0-37.3) | 2 4.2 (0.5-14.3) | 15 71.4 (47.8-88.7) | 5 23.8 (8.2-47.2) | 1 4.8 (0.1-23.8) |
Females | Males | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Preadolescence | Adolescence | p-value | Preadolescence | Adolescence | p-value | ||||||
n | Median(IQR) | n | Median(IQR) | n | Median(IQR) | n | Median(IQR) | ||||
Controla
| 37 | 2305(678) | 50 | 2266(804) | 0.216 | 30 | 2601(650) | 68 | 2610(1194) | 0.347 | |
Riskb
| 38 | 2193(599) | 9 | 1871(780) | 0.079 | 36 | 2554(734) | 2 | 1913(-) | 0.191 | |
Energy intake (Kcal/day)
| Diagnosisc
| 20 | 2070(617) | 36 | 1621(745) | 0.058 | 10 | 2468(963) | 6 | 2267(946) | 0.588 |
p-valuea-b
| 0.203 | 0.15 | 0.807 | 0.225 | |||||||
adjusted p-valuea-b
| 0.406 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.45 | |||||||
p-valuea-c
| 0.032 | 0.003 | 0.656 | 0.137 | |||||||
adjusted p-valuea-c
| 0.064 | 0.006 | 1 | 0.274 | |||||||
BMI (kg/m
2
)
| Controla
| 36 | 18.6(4.2) | 50 | 20.5(5) | 0.001 | 30 | 14.3(3.9) | 68 | 20.2(5) | 0.002 |
Riskb
| 38 | 19.9(5.3) | 9 | 24.9(11) | 0.027 | 35 | 19.5(4.5) | 2 | 23.9(-) | 0.077 | |
Diagnosisc
| 20 | 23.7(5.3) | 36 | 23.5(6) | 0.758 | 10 | 22.7(1.9) | 6 | 24.5(3) | 0.039 | |
p-valuea-b
| 0.016 | 0.007 | 0.276 | 0.174 | |||||||
adjusted p-valuea-b
| 0.032 | 0.14 | 0.552 | 0.348 | |||||||
p-valuea-c
| <0.001 | 0.006 | <0.001 | 0.006 | |||||||
adjusted p-valuea-c
| <0.001 | 0.012 | <0.001 | 0.012 |
BMI (kg/m2) | Energy intake (Kcal/day) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Preadolescence Median(IQR) | Adolescence Median(IQR) | p-value | Preadolescence Median(IQR) | Adolescence Median(IQR) | p-value | ||
No→No
| V/V | 36 | 18.4(4.2) | 20.5(5) | <0.001 | 2357(717) | 2659(1340) | 0.102 |
V/M + M/M | 21 | 18.4(4.3) | 21(6) | <0.001 | 2418(682) | 2448(871) | 0.274 | |
Yes→No
| V/V | 41 | 19.4(5.4) | 21.3(6) | <0.001 | 2300(689) | 2311(1102) | 0.750 |
V/M + M/M | 20 | 20.7(5.4) | 20.9(5) | 0.02 | 2623(761) | 2477(861) | 0.277 | |
No→Yes
| V/V | 4 | 18.4(3) | 22.1(2) | 0.043 | 2120(1522) | 2127(541) | 0.686 |
V/M + M/M | 6 | 20.4(4.7) | 22.6(6) | 0.028 | 2431(870) | 1794(650) | 0.075 | |
Yes→Yes
| V/V | 31 | 22.9(5.3) | 24.7(8) | 0.001 | 2034(670) | 1762(1137) | 0.387 |
V/M + M/M | 11 | 22.9(4.6) | 24.6(5) | 0.016 | 2270(771) | 1763(490) | 0.033 |