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International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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01.08.2014 | Original Article

Biological monitoring and health effects of low-level exposure to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone: a cross-sectional study

verfasst von: Vincent Haufroid, Veronika K. Jaeger, Stefan Jeggli, Rolf Eisenegger, Alfred Bernard, Drita Friedli, Dominique Lison, Philipp Hotz

Erschienen in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health | Ausgabe 6/2014

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Abstract

Purpose

To examine the value of urinary 5-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (5-HNMP) and 2-hydroxy-N-methylsuccinimide (2-HMSI) in a population of workers exposed to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and to look for health effects of exposure to this organic solvent.

Methods

Airborne NMP was determined according to the NIOSH method. Urinary 5-HNMP and 2-HMSI (after and before next shift) were determined by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Outcomes were effects on lung, kidney, skin and mucous membranes, nervous system, haematopoiesis and liver determined by clinical examination and laboratory measurements. Univariate statistical methods and multiple regressions were used to analyse results. Skin resorption, smoking and other potential confounders were taken into account.

Results

Three hundred twenty-seven workers were eligible out of which 207 workers (63 %) participated. Ninety-one of these worked with NMP. Occupational exposure to NMP did often not occur daily and ranged from non-detectable to 25.8 mg/m³ (median = 0.18). Urinary 2-HMSI (mg/l; before next shift) was the best biomarker of exposure to NMP, explaining about 70 % of the variance, but most likelihood ratios did not allow for ruling exposure in or out, at these low levels of exposure. Creatinine adjustment did not improve the results clearly. No clear and consistent health effects could be associated with NMP exposure. No indication for a bias due to non-participation was found.

Conclusions

Biological monitoring, primarily urinary 2-HMSI (mg/l; before next shift), is of value to estimate exposure to NMP even when exposure is irregular and low. Likelihood ratios of urinary 5-HMNP or 2-HMSI are, however, not quite satisfactory at these low levels. No irritant or other health effects were found.

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Titel: Biological monitoring and health effects of low-level exposure to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone: a cross-sectional study
verfasst von: Vincent Haufroid
Veronika K. Jaeger
Stefan Jeggli
Rolf Eisenegger
Alfred Bernard
Drita Friedli
Dominique Lison
Philipp Hotz
Publikationsdatum: 01.08.2014
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health / Ausgabe 6/2014
Print ISSN: 0340-0131
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1246
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-013-0906-5

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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