Background
Methods
Human subjects and HD treatment
Patient ID | Gender | Type of dialysis | Dialytic age | Dialysis efficiency |
---|---|---|---|---|
[M/F] | [HD/HDF] | [months] | [Kt/V] | |
193 | M | HD | 65 | 1.6* |
195 | F | HD | 45 | 1.7* |
202 | M | HDF | 31 | 1.5 |
203 | F | HD | 20 | 1.5 |
204 | M | HD | 13 | 0.8 |
205 | F | HDF | 10 | 2.2 |
206 | M | HD | 42 | 1.8 |
207 | F | HDF | 8 | 1.3 |
208 | M | HD | 47 | 1.4* |
209 | M | HDF | 43 | 1.4 |
210 | F | HD | 37 | 1.1 |
211 | F | HD | 16 | 1.5* |
213 | F | HD | 6 | 0.8 |
214 | M | HD | 13 | 1.5* |
Identification of volatiles emitted by dialyzer materials
Blood and breath sampling
Blood/breath sample preparation and chromatographic analysis
VOC | CAS | Rt
| Quantifier ion | Blood | Breath/room air | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LOD | RSD | R2
| Linear range | LOD | RSD | R2
| Linear range | ||||
[min] | [nmol/L] | [%] | [nmol/L] | [ppb] | [%] | [ppb] | |||||
Propane, 2-methyl- | 75-28-5 | 10.86 | 43 | 0.36 | 3.6 | 0.996 | 1.1-16 | 0.3 | 7 | 0.998 | 0.9-30 |
1,3-Butadiene | 106-99-0 | 11.04 | 54 | 0.08 | 5 | 0.997 | 0.25-13 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 0.995 | 1.2-60 |
Acetonitrile | 75-05-8 | 11.32 | 41 | 21 | 14 | 0.998 | 63-11000 | 4 | 8 | 0.999 | 11-150 |
n-Butane | 106-97-8 | 11.78 | 43 | 0.13 | 3.5 | 0.999 | 0.4-16 | 0.2 | 4.5 | 0.988 | 0.6-100 |
2-Propenal | 107-02-8 | 12.80 | 56 | 800 | 9 | 0.965 | 2500-25000 | 0.9 | 7 | 0.997 | 2.7-63 |
Furan | 110-00-9 | 13.32 | 68 | 0.03 | 3 | 0.991 | 0.07-70 | 0.2 | 2 | 0.999 | 0.6-23 |
Propanal | 123-38-6 | 13.42 | 58 | 1.5 | 5 | 0.991 | 4.5-1700 | 0.7 | 3 | 0.997 | 2-150 |
Acetone | 67-64-1 | 13.56 | 58 | - | - | - | - | 0.8 | 3 | 0.999 | 2.4-10000 |
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) | 75-18-3 | 14.27 | 62 | 0.24 | 1.5 | 0.995 | 0.7-140 | 0.06 | 1.5 | 0.999 | 0.17-60 |
Butane, 2-methyl- | 78-78-4 | 15.90 | 57 | 0.10 | 7 | 0.995 | 0.3-4 | 0.3 | 2 | 0.996 | 0.9-46 |
Isoprene | 78-79-5 | 16.05 | 67 | 0.02 | 3.5 | 0.995 | 0.06-58 | 0.04 | 1.5 | 0.999 | 0.12-500 |
2-Pentene, (Z)- | 627-20-3 | 16.41 | 55 | 0.02 | 6 | 0.989 | 0.06-3.5 | 0.15 | 2.5 | 0.998 | 0.45-20 |
n-Pentane | 109-66-0 | 16.54 | 43 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 0.988 | 0.3-5 | 0.12 | 1.6 | 0.996 | 0.36-60 |
1,3-Pentadiene, (E)- | 2004-70-8 | 16.75 | 67 | 0.02 | 3.4 | 0.999 | 0.06-2 | 0.07 | 1.5 | 0.999 | 0.2-20 |
1,3-Pentadiene, (Z)- | 1574-41-0 | 16.86 | 67 | 0.02 | 4.5 | 0.997 | 0.06-1.5 | 0.07 | 2 | 0.998 | 0.2-13 |
2-Propenal, 2-methyl- | 78-85-3 | 16.92 | 70 | 3 | 9 | 0.993 | 10-250 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.998 | 0.3-50 |
3-Buten-2-one | 78-94-4 | 17.54 | 55 | 40 | 11 | 0.985 | 120-10000 | 0.2 | 7 | 0.998 | 0.6-23 |
Furan, 2-methyl- | 534-22-5 | 18.05 | 82 | 0.02 | 3.5 | 0.993 | 0.06-6.5 | 0.08 | 2 | 0.998 | 0.24-18 |
2,3-Butanedione | 431-03-8 | 18.06 | 86 | 10 | 13 | 0.986 | 30-4000 | 0.4 | 3.3 | 0.994 | 1-200 |
2-Butanone | 78-93-3 | 18.11 | 43 | 0.4 | 6 | 0.999 | 1.3-3000 | 0.13 | 7 | 0.997 | 0.38-250 |
Furan, 3-methyl- | 930-27-8 | 18.21 | 82 | 0.02 | 4 | 0.991 | 0.06-4 | 0.09 | 2 | 0.997 | 0.3-10 |
Ethyl Acetate | 141-78-6 | 18.91 | 43 | 0.3 | 9 | 0.960 | 0.9-400 | 0.13 | 2.5 | 0.996 | 0.39-200 |
Thiophene | 110-02-1 | 19.84 | 84 | 0.04 | 1 | 0.994 | 0.12-6.5 | - | - | - | - |
Pentane, 2-methyl- | 107-83-5 | 19.95 | 43 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.993 | 0.9-5 | 0.17 | 1 | 0.999 | 0.53-150 |
1-Pentene, 2-methyl- | 763-29-1 | 19.99 | 56 | 0.07 | 5.5 | 0.997 | 0.2-7 | 0.1 | 3.2 | 0.999 | 0.3-15 |
1-Hexene | 592-41-6 | 20.17 | 56 | 0.03 | 5.5 | 0.997 | 0.09-10 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 0.999 | 0.6-70 |
Pentane, 3-methyl- | 96-14-0 | 20.21 | 57 | 0.12 | 4 | 0.998 | 0.38-5 | 0.08 | 1.5 | 0.999 | 0.24-40 |
Benzene | 71-43-2 | 20.32 | 78 | 0.04 | 3.2 | 0.995 | 0.12-8 | 0.11 | 3.8 | 0.998 | 0.33-36 |
n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 20.65 | 57 | 0.03 | 2.5 | 0.993 | 0.1-8 | 0.12 | 1.6 | 0.995 | 0.36-110 |
Pyrrole | 109-97-7 | 20.81 | 67 | 0.5 | 14 | 0.982 | 1.5-100 | - | - | - | - |
Cyclohexane | 110-82-7 | 21.33 | 56 | 0.07 | 3 | 0.996 | 0.21-6 | 0.1 | 6 | 0.997 | 0.3-100 |
Pyrimidine | 289-95-2 | 21.64 | 80 | 7 | 12 | 0.990 | 20-950 | - | - | - | - |
2-Pentanone | 107-87-9 | 21.88 | 43 | 1 | 8 | 0.975 | 3-1000 | 0.08 | 2.2 | 0.998 | 0.24-24 |
Furan, 2,5-dimethyl- | 625-86-5 | 22.00 | 96 | 0.08 | 4 | 0.995 | 0.24-5.5 | 0.08 | 1.4 | 0.999 | 0.24-15 |
Sulfide, allyl methyl (AMS) | 10152-76-8 | 22.05 | 88 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.998 | 0.3-15 | 0.14 | 2 | 0.999 | 0.43-15 |
Pyridine | 110-86-1 | 22.05 | 79 | 0.6 | 9 | 0.988 | 2-450 | 0.04 | 9 | 0.975 | 0.12-100 |
Sulfide, methyl propyl (MPS) | 3877-15-4 | 22.67 | 61 | 0.12 | 1.5 | 0.999 | 0.36-50 | 0.04 | 2.1 | 0.996 | 0.12-30 |
Hexane, 2-methyl- | 591-76-4 | 23.60 | 85 | 0.07 | 3 | 0.990 | 0.2-4.5 | 0.09 | 3 | 0.998 | 0.26-11 |
1-Heptene | 592-76-7 | 23.87 | 56 | 0.09 | 5 | 0.998 | 0.27-4.2 | 0.13 | 2 | 0.999 | 0.38-70 |
2-Heptene, (E)- | 592-77-8 | 24.09 | 55 | 0.07 | 6 | 0.996 | 0.21-5.3 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 0.994 | 1.2-13 |
Toluene | 108-88-3 | 24.26 | 91 | 0.02 | 7 | 0.998 | 0.06-15 | 0.05 | 3 | 0.993 | 0.15-30 |
n-Heptane | 142-82-5 | 24.30 | 43 | 0.13 | 2 | 0.997 | 0.4-4 | 0.13 | 1.5 | 0.998 | 0.39-40 |
2-Hexanone | 591-78-6 | 25.49 | 58 | 0.1 | 9 | 0.997 | 0.3-25 | 0.18 | 1 | 0.989 | 0.54-13 |
Heptane, 3-methylene- | 1632-16-2 | 26.91 | 70 | 0.03 | 3 | 0.998 | 0.09-45 | 0.09 | 1 | 0.994 | 0.26-20 |
3-Octene, (E)- | 14919-01-8 | 27.25 | 55 | 0.07 | 4 | 0.991 | 0.2-20 | 0.32 | 2 | 0.991 | 1-13 |
Cyclohexanone | 108-94-1 | 27.41 | 55 | 1.3 | 13 | 0.999 | 4-700 | 0.12 | 8 | 0.956 | 0.34-80 |
p-Xylene | 106-42-3 | 27.68 | 91 | 0.03 | 8 | 0.998 | 0.09-10 | 0.07 | 8 | 0.986 | 0.2-18 |
2-Cyclohexen-1-one | 930-68-7 | 27.89 | 68 | 2 | 12 | 0.998 | 6-460 | 0.1 | 10 | 0.981 | 0.3-15 |
o-Xylene | 95-47-6 | 27.95 | 91 | 0.03 | 7 | 0.998 | 0.09-11 | 0.08 | 9 | 0.991 | 0.24-10 |
4-Heptanone | 123-19-3 | 28.29 | 71 | 0.17 | 9 | 0.997 | 0.5-430 | 0.05 | 6.3 | 0.978 | 0.16-17 |
3-Heptanone | 106-35-4 | 28.51 | 57 | 0.44 | 11 | 0.998 | 1.3-350 | 0.2 | 5 | 0.977 | 0.6-6 |
2-Heptanone | 110-43-0 | 28.68 | 43 | 0.6 | 10 | 0.997 | 1.8-320 | 0.1 | 6.3 | 0.995 | 0.3-9 |
Heptane, 2,4-dimethyl- | 2213-23-2 | 92.01 | 85 | 0.06 | 6 | 0.975 | 0.2-3 | 0.1 | 6 | 0.987 | 0.3-9 |
α-Pinene | 80-56-8 | 30.69 | 93 | 2 | 9 | 0.986 | 6-440 | 0.46 | 8 | 0.985 | 1.4-20 |
Furan, 2-pentyl- | 3777-69-3 | 31.53 | 81 | 3.5 | 13 | 0.989 | 10-350 | - | - | - | - |
3-Carene | 13466-78-9 | 32.09 | 93 | 1.4 | 8 | 0.997 | 4.2-280 | 0.6 | 5.3 | 0.954 | 1.8-12 |
m-Cymene | 535-77-3 | 32.34 | 119 | 0.6 | 9 | 0.992 | 1.8-90 | 0.1 | 5.5 | 0.981 | 0.3-10 |
p-Cymene | 99-87-6 | 32.62 | 119 | 1 | 9.5 | 0.993 | 3-160 | 0.1 | 6 | 0.973 | 0.3-21 |
DL-Limonene | 138-86-3 | 32.84 | 68 | 1 | 9 | 0.983 | 3-1000 | 0.46 | 6 | 0.954 | 1.4-30 |
Eucalyptol | 470-82-6 | 33.40 | 43 | 0.7 | 14 | 0.989 | 2-3 | - | - | - | - |
Results and discussion
Method validation
Contaminants emitted by dialyzer materials
Class | VOC | CAS | Blood before HD | Blood after HD | Wilcoxon blood before/after | Contaminants | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incidence | Range (median) | Incidence | Range (median) | Tubing | Membrane | ||||
nd(nq) | [nmol/L] | nd(nq) | [nmol/L] | ||||||
VSC | Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) | 75-18-3 | 14(14) | 2.3-146(18.7) | 14(14) | 1.2-38.7(5.7) | <0.001 | ||
Thiophene | 110-02-1 | 8(6) | 0.11-0.66(0.13) | 2(1) | 0.36 | 0.03 | |||
Sulfide, allyl methyl (AMS) | 10152-76-8 | 8(8) | 0.6-13(3.3) | 8(6) | 0.67-3.7(2.4) | 0.02 | |||
Sulfide, methyl propyl (MPS) | 3877-15-4 | 11(8) | 0.7-56(4.3) | 10(7) | 0.4-17.5(1.1) | 0.008 | |||
Ketones | Acetone | 67-64-1 | 14(14) | n.q. | 14(14) | n.q. | - | ● | ● |
3-Buten-2-one | 78-94-4 | 7(7) | 488-7370(1090) | 10(10) | 385-47360(1170) | n.s. | ● | ||
2,3-Butanedione | 431-03-8 | 1(1) | 967 | 1(1) | 285 | - | |||
2-Butanone | 78-93-3 | 14(14) | 13-1895(60) | 14(14) | 32-4330(164) | n.s. | |||
2-Pentanone | 107-87-9 | 14(14) | 11.5-387(68) | 14(14) | 31.3-341(77) | n.s. | |||
2-Hexanone | 591-78-6 | 4(2) | 2.4-3.2(2.8) | 7(5) | 0.4-6.8(0.75) | n.s. | ● | ||
Cyclohexanone | 108-94-1 | 8(8) | 57-478(238) | 8(8) | 11-780(150) | n.s. | ● | ||
2-Cyclohexen-1-one | 930-68-7 | 4(4) | 73-344(232) | 4(4) | 55-225(98.5) | - | ● | ||
4-Heptanone | 123-19-3 | 14(14) | 1.8-130(35) | 14(14) | 14.5-200(41) | 0.03 | |||
3-Heptanone | 106-35-4 | 8(8) | 1.5-148(5) | 9(9) | 1.5-87(2.6) | n.s. | ● | ||
2-Heptanone | 110-43-0 | 9(9) | 1.5-31(6) | 12(12) | 3.5-128(19) | <0.001 | |||
Ald. | 2-Propenal | 107-02-8 | 8(8) | 4080-26100(12800) | 3(3) | 10200-15200(14800) | n.s. | ● | |
Propanal* | 123-38-6 | 7(7) | 5.9-44(17.5) | 5(5) | 6.5-820(23) | n.s. | ● | ||
2-Propenal, 2-methyl- | 78-85-3 | 1(1) | 54 | 1(1) | 54 | - | ● | ||
Hydrocarbons | Propane, 2-methyl- | 75-28-5 | 1(1) | 1.1 | 0(0) | <LOD | - | ● | ● |
1,3-Butadiene | 106-99-0 | 2(2) | 0.57-0.9(0.74) | 1(1) | 0.27 | - | |||
n-Butane | 106-97-8 | 7(7) | 0.5-2.3(1.25) | 5(5) | 0.4-5.6(1.2) | n.s. | ● | ● | |
Butane, 2-methyl- | 78-78-4 | 7(7) | 0.21-2.2(0.57) | 2(2) | 0.12-0.46(0.29) | n.s. | ● | ||
Isoprene | 78-79-5 | 14(14) | 1.3-25.6(4.1) | 14(14) | 2.8-36(6.6) | <0.001 | |||
2-Pentene, (Z)- | 627-20-3 | 2(2) | 0.13-0.6(0.37) | 2(2) | 0.1-0.27(0.19) | - | ● | ||
n-Pentane | 109-66-0 | 6(6) | 0.35-2(0.67) | 7(7) | 0.3-2.7(1.1) | n.s. | ● | ● | |
1,3-Pentadiene, (E)- | 2004-70-8 | 2(2) | 0.6-0.9(0.74) | 1(1) | 0.28 | - | |||
1,3-Pentadiene, (Z)- | 1574-41-0 | 2(2) | 0.17-0.18(0.17) | 1(1) | 0.07 | - | |||
1-Pentene, 2-methyl- | 763-29-1 | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | - | ● | ||
Pentane, 2-methyl- | 107-83-5 | 5(4) | 1.1-4.8(2.4) | 5(3) | 1.1-2.5(2.1) | n.s. | ● | ● | |
Cyclohexane | 110-82-7 | 1(1) | 0.27 | 0(0) | <LOD | - | ● | ● | |
1-Hexene | 592-41-6 | 4(4) | 0.15-8.7(3.3) | 5(5) | 0.09-6.1(0.4) | - | ● | ||
Pentane, 3-methyl- | 96-14-0 | 2(0) | <LOQ | 2(0) | <LOQ | - | ● | ||
n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 10(10) | 0.09-7.3(0.35) | 9(9) | 0.16-2.9(0.33) | n.s. | ● | ● | |
Hexane, 2-methyl- | 591-76-4 | 4(4) | 0.22-0.83(0.28) | 4(4) | 0.20-0.4(0.24) | - | ● | ||
1-Heptene | 592-76-7 | 2(2) | 0.28-0.63(0.46) | 1(1) | 1.8 | - | |||
2-Heptene | 592-77-8 | 1(1) | 3.8 | 1(1) | 2.7 | - | ● | ||
n-Heptane | 142-82-5 | 8(8) | 0.36-2(0.6) | 7(7) | 0.4-2.3(0.6) | n.s. | ● | ● | |
Heptane, 3-methylene- | 1632-16-2 | 9(9) | 0.09-52(0.62) | 10(10) | 0.26-44(0.95) | n.s. | ● | ||
3-Octene, (E)- | 14919-01-8 | 5(5) | 0.2-16(0.75) | 5(5) | 0.3-12(1.6) | - | ● | ||
Heptane, 2,4-dimethyl- | 2213-23-2 | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | - | ● | ||
Terpenes | α-Pinene | 80-56-8 | 6(6) | 13.7-239(48) | 6(6) | 13.4-183(35.5) | 0.03 | ● | |
3-Carene | 13466-78-9 | 12(12) | 6.2-116(12.5) | 12(11) | 4-65(11.6) | n.s. | ● | ||
m-Cymene | 535-77-3 | 1(1) | 2.33 | 1(1) | 2 | - | |||
p-Cymene | 99-87-6 | 14(14) | 3.4-84.5(17) | 14(14) | 3.6-69.5(11.7) | n.s. | |||
DL-Limonene | 138-86-3 | 13(13) | 22.6-982(163) | 13(13) | 23.7-1210(109) | n.s. | |||
Eucalyptol | 470-82-6 | 2(2) | 126-310(218) | 2(2) | 79-173(126) | - | |||
Aromatics | Benzene | 71-43-2 | 10(10) | 0.14-7.1(1) | 5(5) | 0.19-2.33(1.3) | 0.01 | ||
Toluene | 108-88-3 | 11(11) | 0.28-14(1.2) | 10(10) | 0.22-9.5(0.65) | 0.01 | ● | ||
p-Xylene | 106-42-3 | 13(13) | 0.36-9.4(0.9) | 11(11) | 0.44-6.2(1.2) | n.s. | ● | ||
o-Xylene | 95-47-6 | 2(2) | 0.39-2.7(1.54) | 2(2) | 0.17-0.24(0.21) | - | |||
Heterocyclic | Furan | 110-00-9 | 7(7) | 0.06-37(0.7) | 9(9) | 0.21-113(1.7) | 0.03 | ● | |
Furan, 2-methyl- | 534-22-5 | 5(5) | 0.18-6.3(0.7) | 5(5) | 0.1-1.7(0.6) | - | |||
Furan, 3-methyl- | 930-27-8 | 4(4) | 0.07-0.37(0.08) | 4(4) | 0.06-0.16(0.07) | - | |||
Pyrrole | 109-97-7 | 2(2) | 16-20.8(18.4) | 0(0) | <LOD | - | |||
Pyrimidine | 289-95-2 | 9(8) | 15.9-485(45) | 8(8) | 22.4-166(44.5) | n.s. | |||
Furan, 2,5-dimethyl- | 625-86-5 | 3(3) | 0.25-2.6(2.16) | 3(3) | 0.25-2.45(1.29) | - | |||
Pyridine | 110-86-1 | 10(10) | 11.4-359(28.6) | 8(8) | 7.2-47(22.6) | n.s. | |||
Furan, 2-pentyl- | 3777-69-3 | 5(4) | 11-68(13) | 5(3) | 10-34(13) | n.s. | |||
Other | Acetonitrile | 75-05-8 | 6(6) | 201-6790(835) | 4(4) | 180-2280(1000) | - | ||
Ethyl Acetate | 141-78-6 | 2(2) | 0.9-916(458) | 2(2) | 25.4-53(39) | - |
Blood and breath profiles of volatiles during HD
Class | VOC | Breath before HD | Room air before HD | Breath after HD | Room air after HD | Wilcoxon breath before/ | Wilcoxon breath/room air | Wilcoxon breath/room air | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incidence | Range (median) | Incidence | Range (median) | Breath after incidence | Before range (median) | After incidence | Range (median) | |||||
nd(nq) | [ppb] | nd(nq) | [ppb] | nd(nq) | [ppb] | nd(nq) | [ppb] | |||||
VSC | Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) | 13(13) | 1.1-58.3(7.8) | 13(12) | 0.35-2.9(0.85) | 13(13) | 1.1-31(6.5) | 13(12) | 0.18-1.7(0.75) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Thiophene | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | - | - | - | |
Sulfide, allyl methyl (AMS) | 7(6) | 0.66-4.9(1.2) | 0(0) | <LOD | 7(5) | 0.7-4.8(1.7) | 0(0) | <LOD | n.s. | 0.03 | 0.03 | |
Sulfide, methyl propyl (MPS) | 7(7) | 0.3-12.5(1.5) | 7(6) | 0.14-0.82(0.2) | 7(7) | 0.33-12(1.5) | 6(4) | 0.15-0.36(0.24) | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | |
Ketones | Acetone | 13(13) | 760-9070(1600) | 13(13) | 106-850(240) | 13(13) | 580-3900(1500) | 13(13) | 100-350(200) | n.s. | <0.001 | <0.001 |
3-Buten-2-one | 12(12) | 2.7-6.5(4.3) | 12(12) | 2-6.4(3.2) | 12(12) | 3.2-8.1(4.9) | 12(12) | 1.9-10.5(2.9) | n.s. | 0.005 | 0.01 | |
2-Butanone | 13(13) | 2.7-225(19) | 13(13) | 2.9-140(43) | 13(13) | 2-49(12.6) | 13(13) | 2-67(12.5) | 0.03 | n.s. | n.s. | |
2,3-Butanedione | 12(12) | 4.6-73(23.5) | 12(12) | 2.8-7.7(6.1) | 12(12) | 4.5-142(18) | 12(12) | 2.5-10.4(5.3) | n.s. | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
2-Pentanone | 13(13) | 0.43-16.2(1.2) | 13(10) | 0.25-0.83(0.4) | 13(13) | 0.64-6.2(1.3) | 13(10) | 0.26-1(0.44) | n.s. | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
2-Hexanone | 1(1) | 2.07 | 1(1) | 0.56 | 1(1) | 0.61 | 1(1) | 0.59 | - | - | - | |
Cyclohexanone | 9(9) | 0.76-43(18) | 8(8) | 1.2-118(32) | 8(8) | 0.77-21.3(11.6) | 8(8) | 0.92-70(32.3) | n.s. | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
2-Cyclohexen-1-one | 6(6) | 0.7-5(2) | 6(6) | 2.1-12(3) | 5(4) | 1-2.5(1.8) | 5(5) | 1.3-5(3.5) | - | - | - | |
4-Heptanone | 10(10) | 0.17-1.35(0.5) | 1(0) | <LOD | 10(9) | 0.21-1.5(0.55) | 1(0) | <LOD | n.s. | 0.003 | 0.004 | |
3-Heptanone | 7(2) | 0.79-0.85(0.82) | 7(1) | 0.64 | 7(0) | <LOQ | 7(0) | <LOQ | - | - | - | |
2-Heptanone | 2(2) | 0.45-0.96(0.7) | 2(2) | 0.34-0.4(0.37) | 2(1) | 0.62 | 2(2) | 0.36-0.4(0.38) | - | - | - | |
Ald. | 2-Propenal | 12(12) | 10-51(22) | 12(12) | 8.7-47(20.6) | 12(12) | 9-57(21.8) | 12(12) | 9.6-50(21.3) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Propanal*
| 12(12) | 6.4-80(18) | 12(12) | 15.7-227(49) | 12(12) | 4.7-37.3(11.7) | 12(12) | 11.7-74.4(34.4) | 0.005 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
2-Propenal, 2-methyl- | 12(12) | 2.8-5.8(4.2) | 12(12) | 2.9-14(3.4) | 12(12) | 2.2-15(4.8) | 12(12) | 1.7-22(3.7) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | |
Hydrocarbons | 1,3-Butadiene | 3(3) | 5.6-18(10) | 3(3) | 2-3.5(2.9) | 3(3) | 3.7-7(5) | 3(3) | 1.8-3(2.5) | - | - | - |
Propane, 2-methyl- | 4(4) | 8.6-24.4(17) | 4(4) | 2.14-23.7(5.5) | 4(4) | 6.7-20(13.4) | 4(4) | 2.74-18.9(5.4) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | |
n-Butane | 12(12) | 8.1-147(19.4) | 12(12) | 2.75-21.4(7.9) | 12(12) | 3.1-111(12.9) | 12(12) | 2.66-19.2(7.2) | <0.001 | 0.002 | n.s. | |
Butane, 2-methyl- | 12(12) | 7-27.3(13.6) | 12(12) | 3.9-32(11.4) | 12(12) | 4.8-26(9.4) | 12(12) | 4.4-26(11.5) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | |
Isoprene | 13(13) | 50-563(101) | 13(13) | 1.9-7(3) | 13(13) | 116-547(199) | 13(13) | 2.4-6.6(4.4) | 0.009 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
2-Pentene, (Z)- | 4(4) | 2.5-17(14.7) | 4(4) | 1.1-8.6(5.2) | 4(4) | 0.97-10.5(7) | 4(4) | 0.7-15.6(8.2) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | |
n-Pentane | 13(13) | 9.3-70(16.9) | 13(13) | 2.1-14.9(6) | 13(13) | 2.07-14.4(4.8) | 13(13) | 1.48-11.9(2.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
1,3-Pentadiene, (E)- | 3(3) | 5.6-18.1(11.3) | 3(3) | 2-3.5(2.8) | 3(3) | 3.7-7(5.3) | 3(3) | 1.79-3.1(2.44) | - | - | - | |
1,3-Pentadiene, (Z)- | 3(3) | 2.6-6.9(4.3) | 3(3) | 0.37-1(0.67) | 3(3) | 1.1-2.9(1.9) | 3(3) | 0.36-0.8(0.59) | - | - | - | |
1-Pentene, 2-methyl- | 7(7) | 1.43-15.8(2.7) | 7(4) | 0.3-1.3(0.55) | 7(4) | 0.44-1.77(0.9) | 6(2) | 0.8-0.89(0.85) | 0.02 | 0.02 | n.s. | |
Pentane, 2-methyl- | 6(6) | 9.4-130(41) | 6(6) | 9.2-171(36.4) | 6(6) | 2.3-31(23.3) | 6(6) | 2.7-45(14.6) | 0.03 | n.s. | n.s. | |
Cyclohexane | 11(11) | 0.99-3.4(2.2) | 11(11) | 0.53-113(1.5) | 11(11) | 0.57-123(2.1) | 11(11) | 0.4-95(1.7) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | |
Hexane, 2-methyl- | 9(9) | 0.47-4.8(0.84) | 9(8) | 0.71-2.8(0.9) | 9(8) | 0.56-3.2(1.3) | 9(8) | 0.51-2.5(0.86) | n.s. | n.s. | 0.008 | |
1-Hexene | 9(9) | 1.32-77(5.4) | 9(9) | 0.93-77(5.5) | 9(9) | 0.79-20(4.5) | 9(9) | 0.93-16.6(3.7) | 0.04 | 0.03 | n.s. | |
Pentane, 3-methyl- | 8(8) | 2.5-32.5(7.3) | 8(8) | 3.1-42(7.5) | 8(8) | 0.93-8.4(4.4) | 8(8) | 0.94-11.4(2.9) | 0.008 | n.s. | n.s. | |
n-Hexane | 13(13) | 1.4-21(4.4) | 13(13) | 1-13.7(4.6) | 13(13) | 1.2-121(5.8) | 13(13) | 0.9-35(3.9) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | |
1-Heptene | 8(8) | 0.57-56(1.4) | 8(8) | 0.47-5(0.77) | 8(8) | 0.46-7.3(1.6) | 8(8) | 0.39-3.8(0.9) | n.s. | 0.02 | 0.04 | |
2-Heptene | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | - | - | - | |
n-Heptane | 13(13) | 0.91-33.4(1.9) | 13(13) | 0.62-2.8(1.4) | 13(13) | 0.69-3.3(1.7) | 13(13) | 0.53-3.5(1.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.02 | |
Heptane, 3-methylene- | 13(13) | 0.95-17.5(2.6) | 13(11) | 0.28-1.3(0.52) | 13(13) | 0.5-9.6(1.9) | 13(11) | 0.33-2.4(0.57) | n.s. | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
3-Octene, (E)- | 11(8) | 1.7-4.7(2.2) | 11(4) | 0.98-1.7(1.3) | 11(8) | 0.98-2.5(1.9) | 11(4) | 1-2.4(1.6) | n.s. | 0.008 | n.s. | |
Heptane, 2,4-dimethyl- | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | - | - | - | |
Terpenes | α-Pinene | 12(11) | 1.94-16.3(2.8) | 12(7) | 1.6-7.2(2.1) | 12(10) | 1.85-7.2(2.4) | 12(4) | 1.7-3.53(2.7) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
3-Carene | 2(1) | 7.1 | 1(0) | <LOQ | 2(1) | 2.53 | 2(0) | <LOQ | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | |
m-Cymene | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | - | - | - | |
p-Cymene | 13(13) | 0.36-3.7(0.97) | 13(13) | 0.3-1.58(0.77) | 13(13) | 0.29-3.1(0.86) | 13(13) | 0.29-2.15(0.76) | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.05 | |
DL-Limonene | 13(13) | 1.6-22(5.1) | 13(13) | 1.7-7.3(4) | 13(13) | 1.7-19.7(4.4) | 13(13) | 1.7-6.9(4.3) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | |
Eucalyptol | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | - | - | - | |
Aromatics | Benzene | 13(13) | 2.1-15(4.2) | 13(13) | 1.91-6.7(3.8) | 13(13) | 1.9-8.7(4.0) | 13(13) | 1.7-8.1(3.5) | 0.002 | <0.001 | n.s. |
Toluene | 13(13) | 2.2-15.2(5.1) | 13(13) | 2.12-9.4(4) | 13(13) | 2-10.2(4.3) | 13(13) | 2.14-9.9(4.2) | 0.02 | 0.008 | n.s. | |
p-Xylene | 12(12) | 2.8-7.7(4.3) | 12(12) | 2.9-7.9(4.4) | 12(12) | 3-8.5(4.2) | 12(12) | 3.3-7.8(4.3) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | |
o-Xylene | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | - | - | - | |
Heterocyclic | Furan | 11(11) | 0.68-9.8(2.0) | 11(9) | 0.7-2.2(1.5) | 11(9) | 0.85-4.1(1.8) | 11(9) | 0.65-2.9(1.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | n.s. |
Furan, 2-methyl- | 13(13) | 0.52-7.1(1.32) | 13(13) | 0.47-1.77(0.68) | 13(13) | 0.59-3.24(1) | 13(13) | 0.52-1.88(0.84) | n.s. | 0.04 | 0.03 | |
Furan, 3-methyl- | 13(8) | 0.3-1.1(0.43) | 13(2) | 0.35-0.42(0.38) | 13(8) | 0.32-1.1(0.41) | 13(3) | 0.39-0.5(0.4) | n.s. | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Furan, 2,5-dimethyl- | 2(2) | 0.58-2.8(1.7) | 2(0) | <LOQ | 2(1) | 1.13 | 2(0) | <LOQ | - | - | - | |
Pyridine | 13(13) | 0.75-58(7.3) | 13(13) | 0.4-75(5.9) | 13(13) | 0.66-141(11) | 13(13) | 0.4-74(15.3) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | |
Furan, 2-pentyl- | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | - | - | - | |
Other | Acetonitrile | 13(11) | 12-165(15.4) | 13(8) | 11.5-46.5(14.5) | 13(8) | 13-56(16.8) | 13(9) | 12-55(15.1) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Ethyl Acetate | 13(13) | 0.8-211(1.3) | 13(13) | 0.9-47.7(1.5) | 13(13) | 0.68-48(1.04) | 13(13) | 0.98-45.7(1.4) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |