Introduction
Methods
Magnetic resonance
Hardware
MRI and MRS protocol
Subjects
Case
|
Age group
|
Sport
|
Professional years
|
Total years
|
Cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptom severity
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A
| 30 to 35 | Football/Wrestling | 3 | 11 | + |
B
| 30 to 35 | Football | 7 | 28 | ++ |
C
| 30 to 35 | Baseballa
| 7 | 11 | ++ |
D
| 40 to 55 | Football | 9 | 21 | ++ |
E
| 40 to 55 | Football | 7 | 16 | +++ |
Data processing
Statistical analysis
Results
Variation of the L-COSY method
Molecule
|
Coupling
|
F2–F1 (ppm)
|
Variation (%)
|
---|---|---|---|
Cr | N(CH3) | 3.02–3.02 | 1 |
Glx-1 | -CH2- CH(NH3+) | 2.09–3.75 | 4 |
Glx-3 | 2.07–3.73 | 4 | |
Glx-4 | 2.14–3.74 | 5 | |
Glx-6 | 2.45–2.01 | 6 | |
Glx-7 | 2.31–2.28 | 6 | |
tCho | (CH3)3-N + −CH2-CH2-OH | 4.05–4.05 | 2 |
Fucose region and Thr |
-CH(OH)-CH3 CH3-CH | (F2: 4.0–4.5, F1: 1.1–1.7) | 10 |
Phe | -CH-(aromatic)- | 7.33–7.33 | 7 |
NAA | -CH3
| 2.00–2.00 | 2 |
Cho | (CH3)3-N + −CH2-CH2-OH | 3.51–4.05 | 3 |
(CH3)3-N + −CH2-CH2-OH | 3.20–3.20 | 5 | |
mI | -CH(OH)-CH(OH) | 3.63–3.29 | 5 |
3.55–3.55 | 3 |
Healthy versus repetitive brain trauma
Molecule
|
Coupling
|
F2–F1 (ppm)
|
Control mean volume/Cr
|
RBT mean volume/Cr
|
% Diff between mean and RBT
|
Effect size
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glx-1 | -CH2- CH(NH3+) | 2.09–3.75 | 0.112 ± 0.009 | 0.147 ± 0.017 | 31 ± 18 | 3.11 |
Glx-3 | 2.07–3.73 | 0.022 ± 0.002 | 0.029 ± 0.004 | 32 ± 21 | 2.70 | |
Glx-4 | 2.14–3.74 | 0.031 ± 0.002 | 0.042 ± 0.007 | 35 ± 24 | 2.88 | |
Glx-6 | 2.45–2.01 | 0.018 ± 0.001 | 0.041 ± 0.011 | 77 ± 6 | 6.28 | |
tCho | (CH3)3-N + −CH2-CH2-OH | 4.05–4.05 | 0.250 ± 0.071 | 0.413 ± 0.051 | 65 ± 36 | 3.54 |
Fucose region and Thr |
-CH(OH)-CH3 CH3-CH | (F2: 4.0–4.5, F1: 1.1–1.7) | 0.022 ± 0.007 | 0.036 + 0.011 | 64 ± 61 | 2.64 |
Phe | -CH-(aromatic)- | 7.33–7.33 | 0.024 ± 0.005 | 0.035 ± 0.008 | 46 ± 40 | 2.08 |
Molecule
|
Coupling
|
F2–F1 (ppm)
|
Control mean volume/Cr
|
RBT mean volume/Cr
|
% Diff between mean and RBT
|
Effect size
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NAA | -CH3
| 2.00–2.00 | 1.215 ± 0.101 | 1.294 ± 0.070 | 7 ± 10 | 0.95 |
tCho | (CH3)3-N + −CH2-CH2-OH | 3.51-4.05 | 0.018 ± 0.002 | 0.020 ± 0.016 | 11 ± 81 | 0.23 |
(CH3)3-N + −CH2-CH2-OH | 3.20-3.20 | 0.726 ± 0.009 | 0.774 ± 0.052 | 7 ± 7 | 1.63 | |
mI | -CH(OH)-CH(OH) | 3.63–3.29 | 0.029 ± 0.013 | 0.032 ± 0.011 | 10 ± 61 | 0.26 |
3.55–3.55 | 0.342 ± 0.013 | 0.354 ± 0.029 | 4 ± 10 | 0.58 |