Background
Methods
Data source and study setting
Ethics statement
Variables
Smoking status
Hardcore smoking status
Sociodemographic characteristics
Statistical analysis
Results
Total N (%) | Smoking rate, % | Male smoking rate, % | Female smoking rate, % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of smokers/Total participants | 8415/40,456 | 7141/17,137 | 1274/23,319 | |
Year | ||||
2007 | 2980 (7.6) | 25.0 | 45.1 | 5.3 |
2008 | 6798 (15.4) | 27.3 | 47.7 | 7.3 |
2009 | 7470 (15.5) | 26.6 | 46.7 | 6.9 |
2010 | 6256 (15.5) | 26.9 | 48.1 | 6.1 |
2011 | 6023 (15.6) | 26.3 | 46.8 | 6.5 |
2012 | 5591 (15.2) | 25.0 | 43.3 | 7.4 |
2013 | 5338 (15.2) | 23.2 | 41.4 | 5.7 |
Age (years) | ||||
19–29 | 5065 (19.8) | 29.0 | 46.2 | 10.5 |
30–39 | 7720 (21.1) | 33.3 | 57.8 | 7.6 |
40–49 | 7602 (21.8) | 27.6 | 49.3 | 5.5 |
50–59 | 7320 (17.6) | 23.3 | 41.9 | 4.9 |
≥ 60 | 12,749 (19.6) | 14.8 | 28.5 | 4.5 |
Sex | ||||
Male | 17,137 (49.3) | 45.7 | ||
Female | 23,319 (50.7) | 6.5 | ||
Household income | ||||
Low | 8108 (16.1) | 23.7 | 44.8 | 7.6 |
Low-moderate | 10,160 (26.2) | 27.9 | 48.3 | 8.6 |
Moderate-high | 10,650 (28.8) | 27.2 | 47.5 | 5.8 |
High | 10,886 (28.8) | 23.8 | 41.8 | 4.6 |
Education | ||||
Middle school or less | 10,863 (19.2) | 16.4 | 39.3 | 5.7 |
High school | 4408 (10.0) | 26.6 | 45.0 | 8.3 |
College or university | 13,716 (39.4) | 30.0 | 49.4 | 8.4 |
Graduate school or more | 11,385 (31.4) | 26.0 | 43.6 | 4.2 |
Marital status | ||||
Married/ cohabited | 29,204 (67.9) | 24.5 | 44.0 | 4.7 |
Divorced/separated/ bereaved | 5517 (10.7) | 19.3 | 54.1 | 9.7 |
Never married | 5611 (21.4) | 33.2 | 48.5 | 10.6 |
Hardcore smoking measures | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weighted, Age-Adjusted | Hardcore smoker* | 23.1 | 23.7 | 23.4 | 26.6 | 25.8 | 25.6 | 23.0 |
Heavy smoker | 57.3 | 54.4 | 55.1 | 56.8 | 59.0 | 53.1 | 57.0 | |
No plan to quit in 6 months | 63.3 | 60.5 | 61.3 | 54.0 | 56.9 | 56.4 | 56.6 | |
No quit attempt in past 12 months | 39.2 | 43.7 | 42.8 | 45.6 | 44.6 | 44.0 | 42.9 | |
Male, Weighted, Age-unadjusted | Hardcore smoker** | 25.1 | 25.4 | 25.5 | 29.0 | 27.7 | 28.8 | 25.3 |
Heavy smoker | 61.4 | 59.0 | 59.6 | 62.1 | 63.4 | 59.6 | 62.1 | |
No plan to quit in 6 months | 62.3 | 60.0 | 60.7 | 52.4 | 57.3 | 55.2 | 55.9 | |
No quit attempt in past 12 months | 40.1 | 42.6 | 42.1 | 46.6 | 43.1 | 45.5 | 43.0 | |
Female, Weighted, Age-unadjusted | Hardcore smoker** | 6.9 | 11.8 | 9.3 | 8.0 | 12.5 | 7.3 | 6.2 |
Heavy smoker | 19.9 | 22.8 | 24.6 | 15.2 | 24.7 | 10.9 | 16.4 | |
No plan to quit in 6 months | 70.9 | 61.6 | 64.0 | 64.4 | 50.5 | 62.1 | 58.1 | |
No quit attempt in past 12 months | 32.1 | 43.5 | 42.2 | 36.7 | 49.5 | 39.9 | 39.3 |
Hardcore smoker | Heavy smoker | No plan to quit in 6 months | No quit attempt in past 12 months | |
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Year | ||||
2007 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
2008 | 1.06 (0.81–1.39) | 0.88 (0.68–1.12) | 1.15 (0.90–1.46) | 1.22 (0.99–1.52) |
2009 | 1.06 (0.81–1.39) | 0.90 (0.70–1.15) | 1.13 (0.88–1.44) | 1.15 (0.93–1.41) |
2010 | 1.15 (0.87–1.51) | 0.84 (0.66–1.07) | 1.29 (1.00–1.67) | 1.07 (0.86–1.33) |
2011 | 1.06 (0.79–1.41) | 0.92 (0.71–1.18) | 1.22 (0.93–1.59) | 0.93 (0.74–1.15) |
2012 | 1.14 (0.86–1.52) | 0.74 (0.57–0.97) | 1.27 (0.98–1.64) | 1.08 (0.85–1.37) |
2013 | 0.91 (0.69–1.20) | 0.82 (0.63–1.05) | 1.14 (0.88–1.48) | 1.01 (0.81–1.27) |
Age (years) | ||||
19–29 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
30–39 | 1.27 (1.01–1.60) | 1.59 (1.31–1.94) | 1.00 (0.83–1.20) | 1.27 (1.05–1.54) |
40–49 | 1.64 (1.28–2.11) | 2.31 (1.86–2.87) | 1.23 (1.00–1.50) | 1.51 (1.24–1.85) |
50–59 | 1.51 (1.15–1.98) | 2.47 (1.95–3.14) | 1.11 (0.89–1.38) | 1.43 (1.14–1.79) |
≥ 60 | 1.10 (0.82–1.48) | 0.96 (0.75–1.23) | 1.13 (0.90–1.44) | 1.33 (1.04–1.71) |
Household income | ||||
Low | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Low-intermediate | 0.98 (0.83–1.15) | 0.89 (0.77–1.02) | 0.98 (0.85–1.13) | 0.95 (0.82–1.10) |
High-intermediate | 0.88 (0.73–1.05) | 0.90 (0.77–1.05) | 0.97 (0.83–1.13) | 1.00 (0.86–1.17) |
High | 0.88 (0.71–1.09) | 0.70 (0.58–0.85) | 0.98 (0.82–1.17) | 0.94 (0.77–1.13) |
Sex | ||||
Female | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Male | 3.90 (3.07–4.97) | 7.26 (6.00–8.79) | 1.14 (0.98–1.33) | 1.22 (1.05–1.42) |
Education | ||||
Middle school or less | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
High school | 1.15 (0.91–1.45) | 1.64 (1.30–2.08) | 0.85 (0.70–1.04) | 0.94 (0.75–1.19) |
College or University | 1.03 (0.83–1.26) | 1.35 (1.09–1.65) | 0.87 (0.73–1.03) | 0.74 (0.60–0.91) |
Graduate school or more | 0.83 (0.65–1.05) | 0.96 (0.77–1.20) | 0.79 (0.65–0.97) | 0.67 (0.53–0.84) |
Marital status | ||||
Married/cohabited | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Widow/divorced/separated | 1.09 (0.85–1.39) | 1.09 (0.89–1.32) | 1.21 (1.00–1.47) | 1.14 (0.92–1.40) |
Never-married | 0.79 (0.66–0.96) | 0.62 (0.53–0.73) | 0.98 (0.84–1.15) | 0.94 (0.81–1.10) |
Marital status* | ||||
Married/cohabited | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Widow/divorced/separated | 0.80 (0.68–0.93) | 0.65 (0.58–0.74) | 1.11 (0.98–1.27) | 1.12 (0.97–1.29) |
Never-married | 0.76 (0.61–0.95) | 0.57 (0.48–0.68) | 1.01 (0.84–1.22) | 0.95 (0.80–1.14) |