Background
The malpractice laws in china
Methods
Study sites
Statistical analysis
Criteria for coding and definition
Results
Relationship between compensation and liability
Characteristics of claims
Characteristic | Characteristic | ||
---|---|---|---|
Court—no. (%)
| 1086 | Others | 26(3) |
Inferior courts | 230(21) |
Medical Specialties—no. (%)
¶
| 841 |
Intermediate court | 803(74) | Obstetrics and gynecology | 162(19) |
Superior court | 53(5) | Orthopedic | 157(19) |
Procedure—no. (%)
| 1086 | General surgery | 124(15) |
The first trial | 243(22) | Neurology and neurosurgery | 68(8) |
Procedure of second Instance | 766(71) | Respiratory medicine | 52(6) |
Retrial process | 78(7) | Oncology | 37(4) |
Appellant—no. (%)*
| 844 | Gastroenterology | 36(4) |
hospitals | 265(31) | Cardiology and cardiac surgery | 35(4) |
patients | 468(56) | Pediatrics | 34(4) |
both | 110(13) | Ophthalmology and otolaryngology | 29(3) |
Closure date—no. (%)
| 1086 | Nephrology | 18(2) |
1998-2001 | 74(7) | Urology | 13(2) |
2002-2005 | 104(9) | Stomatology | 10(1) |
2006-2009 | 485(45) | Others | 66(8) |
2010-2011 | 423(39) |
Classification of disease(ICD)—no. (%)
‡
| 841 |
Region—no. (%)
| 1086 | ||
The west | 191(17) | Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes | 183(22) |
The midland | 572(53) | ||
The east | 323(30) | Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium | 135(16) |
Expense in litigation—$
†‡
|
932
| ||
Expense in litigation per-claim | Diseases of the digestive system | 92(11) | |
Mean | 1224 | Neoplasms | 67(8) |
Median | 804 | Diseases of the respiratory system | 58(7) |
Plaintiff burden | Diseases of the nervous system | 55(6) | |
Mean | 590 | Diseases of the circulatory system | 53(6) |
Median | 295 | Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | 43(5) |
Defendants burden | |||
Mean | 639 | ||
Median | 263 | Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | 42(5) |
Time—d.
†
|
932
| ||
Time of treatment | Diseases of the genitourinary system | 41(5) | |
Mean | 41 | Others | 72(9) |
Median | 8 |
Degree of liability—no. (%)
‖
| 597 |
Time from treatment to discover the injury | Full liability | 172(29) | |
Ultimate liability | 185(31) | ||
Mean | 311 | Equal liability | 38(6) |
Median | 5 | Secondary liability | 189(32) |
Time from the dispute to closure | Minor responsibility | 13(2) | |
Mean | 999 |
Concurrence of causes—no. (%)
‖
| 597 |
Median | 758 | Yes | 447(75) |
Type of medical facility—no.(%)¶ | 841 | No | 150(25) |
General hospital | 558(66) |
Types of concurrent causes— no. (%)
| 447 |
Township hospital | 80(10) | ||
Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospitals | 52(6) | Cause of patients and families | 344(77) |
The third person tort and hospital joint infringement | 76(17) | ||
Specialty hospital | 49(6) | ||
Clinic | 48(6) | Multiple medical institutions joint infringement | 27(6) |
Maternal and Child Health Hospital | 28(3) |
Contributing factors
Type of error | Injury | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minor injury | Serious injury | Death | Emotional injury only | ||
Medical technology error
|
204
|
97
|
165
|
6
|
472(79%)
|
Surgery related | 93 | 31 | 18 | 0 | 142(24%) |
Drugs used related | 25 | 11 | 45 | 1 | 82(14%) |
Diagnose related | 23 | 13 | 33 | 1 | 70(12%) |
Treatment related | 22 | 14 | 29 | 1 | 66(11%) |
Pregnancy and delivery related | 24 | 15 | 19 | 3 | 61(10%) |
Infection related | 6 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 17(3%) |
Nursing related | 2 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 15(2%) |
Monitor related | 5 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 12(2%) |
Anesthesia related | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 7(1%) |
Medical ethics error
|
19
|
8
|
10
|
3
|
40(7%)
|
Informant | 18 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 38(6%) |
Privacy | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2(<1%) |
Medical product error
|
28
|
8
|
4
|
3
|
43(7%)
|
Blood and blood products | 11 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 20(3%) |
Medical equipment | 17 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 22(4%) |
Drugs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1(<1%) |
Medical management error
|
12
|
7
|
21
|
2
|
42(7%)
|
Administrative management | 5 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 23(4%) |
Medical record management | 3 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 14(2%) |
Risk management | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5(<1%) |
Total
|
263(44%)
|
120(20%)
|
200(34%)
|
14(2%)
|
597(100%)
|
Compensation payment
Compensation payment | No. | Mean (95% CI) | Median (IQR) | P Value†
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Judgment
| ||||
Civil mediation | 90 | $16493(11576-21409) | $9108(4466-20482) | 0.125 |
Civil judgment | 640 | $22508($19005-$26011) | $11113($5315-$24049) | |
Liability
| ||||
Equitable liability | 39 | $12002($2189-$21815) | $2549($1087-$11376) | <0.001 |
Fault liability | 597 | $23318($19621-$27014) | $11611($5764-$24894) | |
Damage compensation
| ||||
Minor injury | 263 | $15844($10806-$20882) | $7632($3795-$17275) | <0.001¶
|
Serious injury | 120 | $46662($33456-$59867) | $23721($10367-$57058) | |
Death | 200 | $19565($16686-$22444) | $13270($7617-$23181) | |
Mental compensation
| ||||
Minor injury | 263 | $3606($2850-$4361) | $1801($535-$4732) | 0.836 |
Serious injury | 120 | $3159($2240-$4079) | $1812($357-$4541) | |
Death | 200 | $3159($2587-$3730) | $1869($340-$4492) |