Background
Methods
Data source
Study population
Statistical analysis
Association rule mining
Results
Patient selection
BPD, N = 292 (%) | Control, N = 1168 (%) |
P values | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | 0.999 | ||
Male | 102 (34.9) | 408 (34.9) | |
Female | 190 (65.1) | 760 (65.1) | |
Age (years)a
| 25 (21–33) | 25 (21–33) | 0.999 |
Distribution of age | 0.999 | ||
0–19 | 37 (12.7) | 148 (12.7) | |
20–39 | 226 (77.4) | 904 (77.4) | |
40–59 | 29 (9.9) | 116 (9.9) |
Odds ratios of physical comorbidities between the borderline personality disorder and control patients
BPD | BPD (total)c (%) | Non-BPD (total)d (%) | OR | 95% CI | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category of comorbid disease | ICD 9 CM codes | Female (%) | Male (%) | ORa
| 95% CIb
| ||||
Respiratory system | 460–519 | 96.8 | 88.2 | 4.09 | 1.49–11.2e
| 93.8 | 88.2 | 2.04 | 1.23–3.39e
|
Nervous system and sense organs | 320–389 | 72.6 | 64.7 | 1.45 | 0.86–2.43 | 69.9 | 52.9 | 2.15 | 1.63–2.83e
|
Digestive system | 520–579 | 95.8 | 87.3 | 3.32 | 1.33–8.31e
| 92.8 | 81.9 | 2.85 | 1.78–4.55e
|
Skin and subcutaneous tissue | 680–709 | 72.6 | 65.7 | 1.39 | 0.83–2.33 | 70.2 | 56.0 | 1.85 | 1.41–2.44e
|
Injury and poisoning | 800–999 | 84.7 | 84.3 | 1.03 | 0.53–2.01 | 84.6 | 53.2 | 4.84 | 3.45–6.78e
|
Infectious and parasitic | 001–139 | 52.1 | 42.2 | 1.49 | 0.92–2.43 | 48.6 | 35.6 | 1.71 | 1.32–2.22e
|
Genitourinary system | 580–629 | 81.1 | 22.5 | 14.7 | 8.15–26.5e
| 60.6 | 46.3 | 1.78 | 1.37–2.31e
|
Musculoskeletal system | 710–739 | 65.3 | 61.8 | 1.16 | 0.71–1.92 | 64.0 | 42.1 | 2.45 | 1.88–3.19e
|
Congenital anomalies | 740–759 | 3.68 | 2.94 | 1.26 | 0.32–4.99 | 3.42 | 1.63 | 2.14 | 0.99–4.66 |
Endocrine, metabolic and immunity | 240–279 | 31.6 | 14.7 | 2.68 | 1.43–5.01e
| 25.7 | 14.3 | 2.07 | 1.52–2.82e
|
Neoplasm | 140–239 | 27.4 | 12.7 | 2.58 | 1.33–5.01e
| 22.3 | 11.5 | 2.21 | 1.59–3.07e
|
Circulatory system | 390–459 | 29.5 | 23.5 | 1.36 | 0.78–2.36 | 27.4 | 11.1 | 3.01 | 2.20–4.13e
|
Blood and blood-forming organs | 280–289 | 17.4 | 4.90 | 4.08 | 1.54–10.8e
| 13.0 | 4.79 | 2.97 | 1.93–4.59e
|
Odds ratios of psychiatric comorbidities between the borderline personality disorder and control patients
BPD | BPD (total)c (%) | Non-BPD (total)d (%) | OR | 95% CI | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comorbid psychiatry diseases | Female (%) | Male (%) | ORa
| 95% CIb
| ||||
Depressive disorder | 86.3 | 74.5 | 2.16 | 1.18–3.96e
| 82.2 | 2.05 | 220 | 133–364e
|
Bipolar disorder | 89.5 | 78.4 | 2.34 | 1.21–4.53e
| 85.6 | 2.23 | 261 | 157–434e
|
Anxiety disorder | 52.6 | 37.3 | 1.87 | 1.14–3.06e
| 47.3 | 6.34 | 13.2 | 9.53–18.4e
|
Sleep disorder | 44.7 | 30.4 | 1.85 | 1.11–3.09e
| 39.7 | 8.82 | 6.82 | 5.00–9.29e
|
Substance use disorder | 13.2 | 23.5 | 0.49 | 0.27–0.92e
| 16.8 | 0.26 | 73.3 | 24.2–253e
|
Alcohol use disorder | 8.42 | 20.6 | 0.36 | 0.18–0.72e
| 12.7 | 0.26 | 56.3 | 17.2–184.1e
|
Opioid use disorder | 2.11 | 1.96 | 1.08 | 0.19–5.97 | 2.05 | 0 | − | − |
Amphetamine use disorder | 3.16 | 0.98 | 3.29 | 0.39–27.7 | 2.40 | 0 | − | − |
ADHD | 1.05 | 2.94 | 0.35 | 0.06–2.14 | 1.71 | 0 | − | − |
Mental retardation | 0.53 | 4.9 | 0.10 | 0.01–0.89e
| 2.05 | 0.26 | 6.11 | 2.43–15.3e
|
Autistic spectrum disorder | 0 | 0.53 | − | − | 0.34 | 0 | − | − |
Eating disorder | 0 | 3.68 | − | − | 2.40 | 0 | − | − |
Association rule mining for psychiatic comorbidities of borderline personality disorder
Relations | Support (%) | Confidence (%) | Lift | Rule | BPDa
| Non-BPDb
| ORc
| 95% CId
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 8.5 | 43 | 4.41 | BPD ➔ Bipolar disorder & Anxiety disorder | 84 | 11 | 52.8 | 27.3–102e
|
3 | 8.2 | 41 | 4.39 | BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Anxiety disorder | 80 | 11 | 48.5 | 25.1–93.9e
|
3 | 7.3 | 36 | 4.37 | BPD ➔ Bipolar disorder & Sleep disorder | 70 | 10 | 43.0 | 21.6–85.7e
|
3 | 7.1 | 35 | 4.41 | BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Sleep disorder | 68 | 9 | 45.7 | 22.3–94.0e
|
3 | 4.9 | 25 | 3.37 | BPD ➔ Anxiety disorder & Sleep disorder | 49 | 23 | 11.0 | 6.51–18.6e
|
4 | 4.6 | 23 | 4.49 | BPD ➔ Bipolar disorder & Anxiety disorder & Sleep disorder | 45 | 5 | 46.4 | 18.1–119e
|
4 | 4.4 | 22 | 4.47 | BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Anxiety disorder & Sleep disorder | 43 | 5 | 43.7 | 17.0–112e
|
3 | 3.2 | 16 | 4.99 | BPD ➔ Bipolar disorder & Substance use disorder | 31 | 0 | − | − |
3 | 3.0 | 15 | 4.99 | BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Substance use disorder | 29 | 0 | − | − |
4 | 1.6 | 8.2 | 4.99 | BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Anxiety disorder & Substance use disorder | 16 | 0 | − | − |
3 | 1.5 | 7.7 | 4.99 | BPD ➔ Substance use disorder & Sleep disorder | 15 | 0 | − | − |
4 | 1.4 | 7.2 | 4.99 | BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Substance use disorder & Sleep disorder | 14 | 0 | − | − |
4 | 1.4 | 7.2 | 4.99 | BPD ➔ Bipolar disorder & Substance use disorder & Sleep disorder | 14 | 0 | − | − |
Relations | Support (%) | Confidence (%) | Lift | Rule | BPDa
| Non-BPDb
| ORc
| 95% CId
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 9.1 | 45 | 4.80 | BPD ➔ Bipolar disorder & Anxiety disorder | 44 | 2 | 161 | 37.9–684e
|
3 | 8.7 | 43 | 4.90 | BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Anxiety disorder | 42 | 1 | 297 | 40.1–2202e
|
3 | 7.2 | 36 | 4.75 | BPD ➔ Bipolar disorder & Sleep disorder | 35 | 2 | 109.5 | 25.7–467e
|
3 | 7.0 | 35 | 4.88 | BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Sleep disorder | 34 | 7 | 29.5 | 12.5–69.5e
|
3 | 5.4 | 27 | 3.96 | BPD ➔ Anxiety disorder & Sleep disorder | 26 | 7 | 20.0 | 8.38–47.9e
|
4 | 4.9 | 25 | 4.82 | BPD ➔ Bipolar disorder & Anxiety disorder & Sleep disorder | 24 | 1 | 128 | 17.0–960e
|
4 | 4.7 | 24 | 5.02 | BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Anxiety disorder & Sleep disorder | 23 | 0 | − | − |
3 | 2.7 | 13 | 5.02 | BPD ➔ Bipolar disorder & Substance use disorder | 13 | 0 | − | − |
3 | 2.7 | 13 | 5.02 | BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Substance use disorder | 13 | 0 | − | − |
4 | 1.0 | 5.2 | 5.02 | BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Anxiety disorder & Substance use disorder | 5 | 0 | − | − |
3 | 2.1 | 10 | 5.02 | BPD ➔ Substance use disorder & Sleep disorder | 10 | 0 | − | − |
4 | 2.1 | 10 | 5.02 | BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Substance use disorder & Sleep disorder | 10 | 0 | − | − |
4 | 2.1 | 10 | 5.02 | BPD ➔ Bipolar disorder & Substance use disorder & Sleep disorder | 10 | 0 | − | − |
Relations | Support (%) | 95% CIa
| Confidence (%) | 95% CIa
| Lift | 95% CIa
| Rule | OR | 95% CIa
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 8.69 | 8.65–8.73b
| 43.4 | 43.2–43.7b
| 4.39 | 4.38–4.40b
| BPD ➔ Bipolar disorder & Anxiety disorder | 53.0 | 52.1–53.9b
|
3 | 8.35 | 8.31–8.38b
| 41.7 | 41.6–41.9b
| 4.41 | 4.40–4.42b
| BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Anxiety disorder | 53.7 | 52.8–54.62b
|
3 | 7.26 | 7.22–7.29b
| 36.3 | 36.1–36.5b
| 4.33 | 4.32–4.34b
| BPD ➔ Bipolar disorder & Sleep disorder | 42.8 | 42.0–43.6b
|
3 | 7.04 | 7.01–7.08b
| 35.2 | 35.1–35.1b
| 4.35 | 4.34–4.36b
| BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Sleep disorder | 43.8 | 43.0–44.6b
|
3 | 5.07 | 5.04–5.10b
| 25.3 | 25.2–25.5b
| 3.56 | 3.55–3.58b
| BPD ➔ Anxiety disorder & Sleep disorder | 13.4 | 13.2–13.6b
|
4 | 4.73 | 4.69–4.76b
| 23.6 | 23.5–23.8b
| 4.40 | 4.39–4.41b
| BPD ➔ Bipolar disorder & Anxiety disorder & Sleep disorder | 42.4 | 41.2–43.6b
|
4 | 4.52 | 4.49–4.55b
| 22.6 | 22.4–22.7b
| 4.39 | 4.38–4.40b
| BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Anxiety disorder & Sleep disorder | 41.8 | 40.7–43.0b
|
3 | 3.01 | 2.99–3.04b
| 15.1 | 14.9–15.2b
| 4.91 | 4.90–4.91b
| BPD ➔ Bipolar disorder & Substance use disorder | − | − |
3 | 2.88 | 2.85–2.90b
| 14.4 | 14.3–14.5b
| 4.90 | 4.90–4.91b
| BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Substance use disorder | − | − |
4 | 14.3 | 14.1–14.5b
| 7.15 | 7.06–7.25b
| 4.85 | 4.84–4.86b
| BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Anxiety disorder & Substance use disorder | − | − |
3 | 1.71 | 1.69–1.73b
| 8.55 | 8.45–8.65b
| 4.80 | 4.79–4.81b
| BPD ➔ Substance use disorder & Sleep disorder | − | − |
4 | 1.64 | 1.62–1.66b
| 8.21 | 8.11–8.32b
| 4.87 | 4.86–4.88b
| BPD ➔ Depressive disorder & Substance use disorder & Sleep disorder | − | − |
4 | 1.64 | 1.62–1.66b
| 8.21 | 8.11–8.32b
| 4.87 | 4.86–4.88b
| BPD ➔ Bipolar disorder & Substance use disorder & Sleep disorder | − | − |