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Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy

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30.10.2021 | Original Article

Comprehensive characterization of tumor immune landscape following oncolytic virotherapy by single-cell RNA sequencing

verfasst von: Divya Ravirala, Guangsheng Pei, Zhongming Zhao, Xiaoliu Zhang

Erschienen in: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy | Ausgabe 6/2022

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Abstract

An important mechanism of oncolytic virotherapy in ameliorating cancer immunotherapy is by inducing significant changes in the immune landscape in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite this notion and the potential therapeutic implications, a comprehensive analysis of the immune changes in carcinomas induced by virotherapy has not yet been elucidated. We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on carcinomas treated with an HSV-2-based oncolytic virus to characterize the immunogenic changes in the TME. We specifically analyzed and compared the immune cell composition between viral treated and untreated tumors. We also applied CellChat to analyze the complex interactions among the infiltrated immune cells. Our data revealed significant infiltration of B cells in addition to other important immune cells, including CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and NK cells following virotherapy. Further analysis identified distinct subset compositions of the infiltrated immune cells and their activation status upon virotherapy. The intensive interactions among the infiltrated immune cells as revealed by CellChat analysis may further shape the immune landscape in favor of generating antitumor immunity. Our findings will facilitate the design of new strategies in incorporating immunotherapy into virotherapy for clinical translation. Moreover, the significant infiltration of B cells makes it suitable for combining virotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

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Titel: Comprehensive characterization of tumor immune landscape following oncolytic virotherapy by single-cell RNA sequencing
verfasst von: Divya Ravirala
Guangsheng Pei
Zhongming Zhao
Xiaoliu Zhang
Publikationsdatum: 30.10.2021
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy / Ausgabe 6/2022
Print ISSN: 0340-7004
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0851
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-021-03084-2

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Comprehensive characterization of tumor immune landscape following oncolytic virotherapy by single-cell RNA sequencing

Abstract

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Abstract

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