Background
Purpose of the study
Method
Study design
Expert meeting
Selection of participants
Procedure
Data analysis
Delphi survey
Selection of participants
Procedure
Results
Expert meeting
Gender | Male = 8 |
Female = 3 | |
Credentials | PhD = 1 |
PhD student = 2 | |
MSc = 6 | |
BSc = 2 | |
Occupation at the time of the study* | Academic researcher = 3 |
Academic teacher = 5 | |
Active practicing musculoskeletal PT = 8 | |
Specialization | Orthopedic Manual PT = 2 |
PT in Mental Health = 6 | |
Medical doctor = 1 | |
Psychologist = 1 | |
Regular PT = 1 |
Workgroup
Prognostic factors | Number of participants per factor Round 1 | Percentage agreement (yes) Round 1 | Number of participants per factor Round 2 | Percentage Agreement (yes) Round 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Social demographic | ||||
Gender | 80 | 56.25% | – | – |
Age | 80 | 65% | – | – |
Social class | 80 | 56.25% | – | – |
Education level | 80 | 66.25% | – | – |
Marital status | 80 | 11.24% | – | – |
Work-related factors | ||||
Employment status | 80 | 53.75% | – | – |
Happiness in work** | 80 | 86.25% | – | – |
Physical work | 80 | 53.75% | – | – |
Symptoms | ||||
Pain intensity at baseline** | 80 | 65% | – | 87.50% |
Duration of the neck pain* | 80 | 72.50% | – | – |
Disturbed sleep due to neck pain | 80 | 60% | – | – |
Reported pain in different body regions* | 80 | 78.75% | – | – |
High severity of disability | 80 | 51.25% | – | – |
High severity of experienced disability** | 80 | 65% | 48 | 91.67% |
Cervical mobility | 80 | 12.50% | – | – |
Thoracic mobility | 80 | 10% | – | – |
Cervical motor control | 80 | 25% | – | – |
Posture | 80 | 13.75% | – | – |
Radiating pain below elbow | 80 | 30% | – | – |
Accompanying headache | 80 | 36.25% | – | – |
Dizziness | 80 | 18.75% | – | – |
Pressure sensitivity neck musculature | 80 | 25% | – | – |
Prior conditions | ||||
Neck pain before** | 70 | 92.86% | – | – |
History of musculoskeletal pain* | 70 | 72.86% | – | – |
General factors | ||||
Physical inactivity** | 71 | 90.14% | – | – |
Unhealthy lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, eating etc.)* | 71 | 76.06% | – | – |
Sleep quality* | 71 | 73.24% | – | – |
Cognition | ||||
Somatization** | 74 | 62.16% | 48 | 89.58% |
Catastrophizing** | 74 | 87.84% | – | – |
Locus of control | 74 | 59.46% | – | – |
Acceptance of illness | 74 | 52.70% | – | – |
Illness beliefs about recovery** | 74 | 83.78% | – | – |
Treatment beliefs* | 74 | 70.27% | – | – |
Emotions | ||||
Depression** | 72 | 87.50% | – | – |
Kinesiophobia** | 72 | 86.11% | – | – |
Distress* | 72 | 72.22% | – | – |
Anger | 72 | 43.06% | – | – |
Injustice | 72 | 40.28% | – | – |
Behavior | ||||
Coping** | 70 | 95.71% | – | – |
Perceptions | ||||
Illness beliefs about pain identity** | 56 | 89.29% | – | – |
Hypervigilance * | 56 | 76.79% | – | – |
Motivation | ||||
Purposeful behavior** | 32 | 90.63% | – | – |
Vulnerability | ||||
Limited health literacy ** | 62 | 62.90% | 48 | 87.50% |
Limited self-regulation | 62 | 50% | – | – |
Limited self-efficacy** | 62 | 88.71% | – | – |
Remaining factors | ||||
Health care provider attitude (biomedical/biopsychosocial)** | 65 | 90.77% | – | – |
Therapeutic relation** | 65 | 84.62% | – | – |
Additional factors round 2 | ||||
Orofacial pain | – | – | 40 | 65% |
Potential to self-modify posture** | – | – | 40 | 82.50% |
Delphi survey
First round
Delphi-participants in Round 1 (185 eligible candidates invited, response N = 83, response rate 45%) | Delphi-participants Round 2 (81 participants invited*, response N = 54, response rate 67%) | |
---|---|---|
Gender | Male = 56% | Male = 59% |
Female = 44% | Female = 41% | |
Country of residence | The Netherlands = 30 | The Netherlands = 24 |
Belgium = 18 | Belgium = 10 | |
Saudi Arabia = 2 | Saudi Arabia = 1 | |
Canada = 5 | Canada = 2 | |
Australia = 3 | Australia = 2 | |
Sweden = 2 | Sweden = 1 | |
Switzerland = 3 | Switzerland = 3 | |
Brazil = 1 | France = 1 | |
France = 1 | UK = 2 | |
UK = 2 | South – Africa = 1 | |
South – Africa = 1 | Italy = 1 | |
Italy = 2 | Thailand = 1 | |
Thailand = 1 | Spain = 1 | |
Spain = 1 | USA = 1 | |
Norway = 1 | Portugal = 1 | |
USA = 1 | New-Zealand = 1 | |
Portugal = 2 | Denmark = 1 | |
New-Zealand = 1 | ||
Denmark = 1 | ||
Not given = 2 | ||
Specialization | Researcher, specialization neck or chronic pain = 42 | Researcher, specialization neck or chronic pain = 26 |
Physiotherapist = 18 | Physiotherapist = 14 | |
Physiotherapist in Mental Health = 3 | Physiotherapist in Mental Health = 2 | |
Orthopedic Manual physiotherapist = 10 | Orthopedic Manual physiotherapist = 7 | |
Psychologist = 1 | Epidemiologist = 6 | |
Epidemiologist = 8 | ||
Not given = 1 |
Second round
Potential prognostic factors | Modifiable |
---|---|
Work related factors | |
Happiness in work | X |
Potential to self-modify posture during work | X* |
Symptoms | |
Pain intensity at baseline | – |
High severity of experienced disability | X** |
Duration of the neck pain | – |
Reported pain in different body regions | – |
Prior conditions | |
Neck pain before | – |
History of musculoskeletal pain | – |
General factors | |
Physical inactivity | X** |
Unhealthy lifestyle | X* |
Sleep quality | X* |
Cognition | |
Somatization | X** |
Catastrophizing | X** |
Illness beliefs about recovery | X** |
Treatment beliefs | X** |
Emotions | |
Depression | X |
Kinesiophobia | X** |
Distress | X** |
Behavior | |
Coping | X** |
Perceptions | |
Illness beliefs about pain identity | X** |
Hypervigilance | X** |
Motivation | |
Purposeful behavior | X* |
Vulnerability | |
Limited health literacy | X* |
Limited self-efficacy | X** |
Remaining factors | |
Health care provider attitude | X** |
Therapeutic relations | X** |