nach oben

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

Erschienen in:

01.07.2013 | Original Article

Contribution of occupational factors to social inequalities in self-reported health among French employees

verfasst von: Marie Murcia, Jean-François Chastang, Christine Cohidon, Isabelle Niedhammer, Samotrace study group

Erschienen in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health | Ausgabe 5/2013

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Objectives

Social inequalities in health have been widely demonstrated. However, the mechanisms underlying these inequalities are not completely understood. The objective of the study was to examine the contribution of various types of occupational exposures to social inequalities in self-reported health (SRH).

Methods

The study population was based on a random sample of 3,463 men and 2,593 women of the population of employees in west central France (response rate: 85–90 %). Data were collected through a voluntary network of 110 occupational physicians in 2006–2007. Occupational factors included biomechanical, physical, chemical and psychosocial exposures. All occupational factors were collected by occupational physicians, except psychosocial work factors, which were measured using a self-administered questionnaire. Social position was measured using occupational groups.

Results

Strong social gradients were observed for a large number of occupational factors. Marked social gradients were also observed for SRH, manual workers and clerks/service workers being more likely to report poor health. After adjustment for occupational factors, social inequalities in SRH were substantially reduced by 76–134 % according to gender and occupational groups. The strongest impacts in reducing these inequalities were observed for biomechanical exposures and decision latitude. Differences in the contributing occupational factors were observed according to gender and occupational groups.

Conclusion

This study showed that poor working conditions contributed to explain social inequalities in SRH. It also provided elements for developing specific preventive actions for manual workers and clerks/service workers. Prevention towards reducing all occupational exposures may be useful to improve occupational health and also to reduce social inequalities in health.

Aldabe B, Anderson R, Lyly-Yrjanainen M, Parent-Thirion A, Vermeylen G, Kelleher CC, Niedhammer I (2011) Contribution of material, occupational, and psychosocial factors in the explanation of social inequalities in health in 28 countries in Europe. J Epidemiol Commun Health 65:1123–1131CrossRef

Artazcoz L, Borrell C, Benach J (2001) Gender inequalities in health among workers: the relation with family demands. J Epidemiol Commun Health 55:639–647CrossRef

Bobak M, Pikhart H, Rose R, Hertzman C, Marmot M (2000) Socioeconomic factors, material inequalities, and perceived control in self-rated health: cross-sectional data from seven post-communist countries. Soc Sci Med 51:1343–1350CrossRef

Borg V, Kristensen TS (2000) Social class and self-rated health: can the gradient be explained by differences in life style or work environment? Soc Sci Med 51:1019–1030CrossRef

Borrell C, Muntaner C, Benach J, Artazcoz L (2004) Social class and self-reported health status among men and women: what is the role of work organisation, household material standards and household labour? Soc Sci Med 58:1869–1887CrossRef

Chandola T, Siegrist J, Marmot M (2005) Do changes in effort-reward imbalance at work contribute to an explanation of the social gradient in angina? Occup Environ Med 62:223–230CrossRef

Dalstra JA, Kunst AE, Borrell C, Breeze E, Cambois E, Costa G, Geurts JJ, Lahelma E, Van OH, Rasmussen NK, Regidor E, Spadea T, Mackenbach JP (2005) Socioeconomic differences in the prevalence of common chronic diseases: an overview of eight European countries. Int J Epidemiol 34:316–326CrossRef

Delpierre C, Lauwers-Cances V, Datta GD, Lang T, Berkman L (2009) Using self-rated health for analysing social inequalities in health: a risk for underestimating the gap between socioeconomic groups? J Epidemiol Commun Health 63:426–432CrossRef

Einarsen S (2000) Harassment and bullying at work: a review of the Scandinavian approach. Agress Violent Behav 5:379–401CrossRef

Elovainio M, Kivimaki M, Vahtera J (2002) Organizational justice: evidence of a new psychosocial predictor of health. Am J Public Health 92:105–108CrossRef

Galobardes B, Shaw M, Lawlor DA, Lynch JW, Davey SG (2006) Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 1). J Epidemiol Commun Health 60:7–12CrossRef

Hemstrom O (2005) Health inequalities by wage income in Sweden: the role of work environment. Soc Sci Med 61:637–647CrossRef

Huisman M, Kunst AE, Bopp M, Borgan JK, Borrell C, Costa G, Deboosere P, Gadeyne S, Glickman M, Marinacci C, Minder C, Regidor E, Valkonen T, Mackenbach JP (2005) Educational inequalities in cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and older men and women in eight western European populations. Lancet 365:493–500

Idler EL, Benyamini Y (1997) Self-rated health and mortality: a review of twenty-seven community studies. J Health Soc Behav 38:21–37CrossRef

Kaikkonen R, Rahkonen O, Lallukka T, Lahelma E (2009) Physical and psychosocial working conditions as explanations for occupational class inequalities in self-rated health. Eur J Public Health 19:458–463CrossRef

Karasek R, Brisson C, Kawakami N, Houtman I, Bongers P, Amick B (1998) The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): an instrument for internationally comparative assessments of psychosocial job characteristics. J Occup Health Psychol 3:322–355CrossRef

Kunst AE, Bos V, Lahelma E, Bartley M, Lissau I, Regidor E, Mielck A, Cardano M, Dalstra JA, Geurts JJ, Helmert U, Lennartsson C, Ramm J, Spadea T, Stronegger WJ, Mackenbach JP (2005) Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in self-assessed health in 10 European countries. Int J Epidemiol 34:295–305CrossRef

Lantz PM, Lynch JW, House JS, Lepkowski JM, Mero RP, Musick MA, Williams DR (2001) Socioeconomic disparities in health change in a longitudinal study of US adults: the role of health-risk behaviors. Soc Sci Med 53:29–40CrossRef

Lynch JW, Kaplan GA, Cohen RD, Tuomilehto J, Salonen JT (1996) Do cardiovascular risk factors explain the relation between socioeconomic status, risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and acute myocardial infarction? Am J Epidemiol 144:934–942CrossRef

Mackenbach JP, Stirbu I, Roskam AJ, Schaap MM, Menvielle G, Leinsalu M, Kunst AE (2008) Socioeconomic inequalities in health in 22 European countries. N Engl J Med 358:2468–2481CrossRef

Monden CW (2005) Current and lifetime exposure to working conditions. Do they explain educational differences in subjective health? Soc Sci Med 60:2465–2476CrossRef

Murcia M, Chastang JF, Cohidon C, Niedhammer I (2011) Différences sociales dans les troubles de la santé mentale en population salariée: résultats issus de l’enquête Samotrace. Santé Publique 2011(suppl 6):S59–S76

Niedhammer I (2002) Psychometric properties of the French version of the Karasek Job Content Questionnaire: a study of the scales of decision latitude, psychological demands, social support, and physical demands in the GAZEL cohort. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 75:129–144CrossRef

Niedhammer I, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, Piciotti M, Bonenfant S (2000a) How is sex considered in recent epidemiological publications on occupational risks? Occup Environ Med 57:521–527CrossRef

Niedhammer I, Siegrist J, Landre MF, Goldberg M, Leclerc A (2000b) Étude des qualités psychométriques de la version française du modèle déséquilibre efforts/récompenses. Revue d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique 48:419–437

Niedhammer I, Tek ML, Starke D, Siegrist J (2004) Effort-reward imbalance model and self-reported health: cross-sectional and prospective findings from the GAZEL cohort. Soc Sci Med 58:1531–1541CrossRef

Niedhammer I, Chastang JF, Gendrey L, David S, Degioanni S (2006) Psychometric properties of the French version of Karasek’s “Job Content Questionnaire” and its scales measuring psychological pressures, decisional latitude and social support: the results of the SUMER study. Sante Publique 18:413–427CrossRef

Niedhammer I, Chastang JF, Levy D, David S, Degioanni S (2007) Exposition aux facteurs psychosociaux au travail du modèle de Karasek en France: étude méthodologique à l’aide de l’enquête nationale SUMER. Travailler 17:47–70CrossRef

Niedhammer I, Chastang JF, David S, Kelleher C (2008) The contribution of occupational factors to social inequalities in health: findings from the national French SUMER survey. Soc Sci Med 67:1870–1881CrossRef

Niedhammer I, Bourgkard E, Chau N (2011) Occupational and behavioural factors in the explanation of social inequalities in premature and total mortality: a 12.5-year follow-up in the Lorhandicap study. Eur J Epidemiol 26:1–12CrossRef

Power C, Matthews S, Manor O (1996) Inequalities in self rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: lifetime social circumstances or social mobility? BMJ 313:449–453CrossRef

Rahkonen O, Laaksonen M, Martikainen P, Roos E, Lahelma E (2006) Job control, job demands, or social class? The impact of working conditions on the relation between social class and health. J Epidemiol Commun Health 60:50–54CrossRef

Schrijvers CT, van de Mheen HD, Stronks K, Mackenbach JP (1998) Socioeconomic inequalities in health in the working population: the contribution of working conditions. Int J Epidemiol 27:1011–1018CrossRef

Sekine M, Chandola T, Martikainen P, Marmot M, Kagamimori S (2006) Socioeconomic inequalities in physical and mental functioning of Japanese civil servants: explanations from work and family characteristics. Soc Sci Med 63:430–445CrossRef

Siegrist J, Starke D, Chandola T, Godin I, Marmot M, Niedhammer I, Peter R (2004) The measurement of effort-reward imbalance at work: European comparisons. Soc Sci Med 58:1483–1499CrossRef

Skalicka V, van Lenthe F, Bambra C, Krokstad S, Mackenbach J (2009) Material, psychosocial, behavioural and biomedical factors in the explanation of relative socio-economic inequalities in mortality: evidence from the HUNT study. Int J Epidemiol 38:1272–1284CrossRef

Van der Hulst M (2003) Long workhours and health. Scand J Work Environ Health 29:171–188CrossRef

van Lenthe FJ, Schrijvers CT, Droomers M, Joung IM, Louwman MJ, Mackenbach JP (2004) Investigating explanations of socio-economic inequalities in health: the Dutch GLOBE study. Eur J Public Health 14:63–70CrossRef

van Oort FV, van Lenthe FJ, Mackenbach JP (2005) Material, psychosocial, and behavioural factors in the explanation of educational inequalities in mortality in The Netherlands. J Epidemiol Commun Health 59:214–220CrossRef

Warren JR, Hoonakker P, Carayon P, Brand J (2004) Job characteristics as mediators in SES-health relationships. Soc Sci Med 59:1367–1378CrossRef

Yngwe MA, Diderichsen F, Whitehead M, Holland P, Burstrom B (2001) The role of income differences in explaining social inequalities in self rated health in Sweden and Britain. J Epidemiol Commun Health 55:556–561CrossRef

Titel: Contribution of occupational factors to social inequalities in self-reported health among French employees
verfasst von: Marie Murcia
Jean-François Chastang
Christine Cohidon
Isabelle Niedhammer
Samotrace study group
Publikationsdatum: 01.07.2013
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health / Ausgabe 5/2013
Print ISSN: 0340-0131
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1246
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-012-0784-2

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2013

Demands, skill discretion, decision authority and social climate at work as determinants of major depression in a 3-year follow-up study

Does job satisfaction predict early return to work after coronary angioplasty or cardiac surgery?

Work hours and cortisol variation from non-working to working days

What factors are most relevant to the assessment of work ability of employees on long-term sick leave? The physicians’ perspective

Effect of molybdenum oxide interference on urinary cadmium analyses

Airway irritation among indoor swimming pool personnel: trichloramine exposure, exhaled NO and protein profiling of nasal lavage fluids