Introduction
Perceived control beliefs | Symptom-related barriers | Fatigue |
Pain | ||
Nausea | ||
Dyspnea | ||
Insomnia | ||
Appetite loss | ||
Financial problems | ||
Micturition problems | ||
Chemotherapy side effects | ||
Gastro-intestinal problems | ||
Stoma-related problems | ||
Defecation problems | ||
Weight loss | ||
Functioning-related barriers | Physical functioning | |
Role functioning | ||
Social functioning | ||
Emotional functioning | ||
Cognitive functioning | ||
Global quality of life | ||
Body image | ||
Future perspective | ||
Psychological barriers | Anxiety | |
Depressive symptoms | ||
Socio-demographic factors | Gender | |
Age | ||
Partner | ||
Educational level | ||
Clinical factors | Years since diagnosis | |
Localization of cancer | ||
Tumor stage | ||
Treatment | ||
Stoma | ||
Number of comorbidities | ||
Body mass index (BMI) |
Methods
Setting and participants
Data collection
Measures
Statistical analyses
Results
Characteristics of respondents and non-respondents
N (%) All respondents
N = 2451 |
N (%) Non-respondents
N = 566 |
N (%) Patients with unverifiable addresses
N = 306 |
p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic factors | ||||
Gender | <0.01 | |||
Male | 1339 (54.6) | 275 (47.7) | 148 (48.4) | |
Female | 1112 (45.4) | 301 (52.3) | 158 (51.6) | |
Age at time of survey: mean (SD) | 69.6 (9.5) | 72.8 (9.4) | 68.9 (12.4) | <0.01 |
<55 years | 186 (7.6) | 31 (5.4) | 42 (13.7) | <0.01 |
55–74 years | 1470 (60.0) | 267 (46.4) | 144 (47.1) | |
≥ 75 years | 795 (32.4) | 278 (48.3) | 120 (39.2) | |
Partner (yes) | 1848 (76.1) | |||
Educational level a
| ||||
Low | 1184 (48.8) | |||
Medium | 773 (31.9) | |||
High | 466 (19.2) | |||
Clinical factors | ||||
Years since diagnosis/mean (SD) | 5.3 (2.8) | 5.3 (2.9) | 5.7 (2.9) | 0.02 |
Localization | 0.02 | |||
Colon cancer | 1510 (61.6) | 390 (67.7) | 191 (62.4) | |
Rectal cancer | 941 (38.4) | 186 (32.3) | 115 (37.6) | |
Tumor stage | 0.05 | |||
I | 780 (31.8) | 156 (27.1) | 91 (29.7) | |
II | 947 (38.6) | 258 (44.8) | 132 (43.1) | |
III | 724 (29.5) | 162 (28.1) | 83 (27.1) | |
Treatment | <0.01 | |||
Surgery only | 1215 (49.6) | 343 (59.6) | 176 (57.9) | |
Surgery and RT | 565 (23.1) | 95 (16.5) | 52 (17.1) | |
Surgery and CT | 497 (20.3) | 97 (16.8) | 51 (16.8) | |
Surgery, RT and CT | 171 (7.0) | 38 (6.6) | 23 (7.6) | |
Comorbidities | ||||
No comorbidities | 673 (25.0) | |||
1 comorbid condition | 659 (28.8) | |||
2 or more comorbid conditions | 1060 (46.3) | |||
BMI/mean (SD) | 26.7 (4.3) | |||
Normal | 800 (33.5) | |||
Overweight | 1159 (48.5) | |||
Obesity | 430 (18.0) |
Socio-demographic and clinical factors and MVPA
Number in analysis* | CID |
B** | 95 % CI Lower limit | 95 % CI Upper limit |
p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic factors | |||||||
Gender (male vs. female) | 4768 | 1.90 | 1.23 | 2.58 | <0.01 | ||
Age | 4768 | ||||||
<55 vs. ≥75 years | 1.10 | −0.22 | 2.20 | 0.08 | |||
55–74 vs. ≥75 years | 3.34 | 2.73 | 4.04 | <0.01 | |||
Partner (yes vs. no) | 4768 | 1.11 | 0.36 | 1.87 | <0.01 | ||
Educational levela
| 4768 | ||||||
Low vs. high | −0.19 | −1.01 | 0.64 | 0.65 | |||
Medium vs. high | 0.65 | −0.02 | 1.59 | 0.06 | |||
Medium vs. low | 0.97 | 0.35 | 1.60 | <0.01 | |||
Clinical factors | |||||||
Years since diagnosis | 4768 | 0.05 | −0.05 | 0.17 | 0.37 | ||
Colon vs. rectal cancer | 4768 | 0.37 | −0.30 | 1.04 | 0.28 | ||
Tumor stage | 4768 | ||||||
II vs. I | −1.11 | −1.88 | −0.34 | <0.01 | |||
III vs. I | −0.58 | −1.40 | 0.23 | 0.16 | |||
Treatment | 4926 | ||||||
Surgery + CT + RT vs. surgery only | −0.79 | −2.13 | 0.54 | 0.24 | |||
Surgery and RT vs. surgery only | −0.31 | −1.12 | 0.49 | 0.44 | |||
Surgery and CT vs. surgery only | 0.58 | −0.46 | 1.62 | 0.27 | |||
CT vs. RTb
| 2482 | 0.37 | −0.76 | 1.49 | 0.52 | ||
Stoma (yes vs. no) | 2874 | −1.24 | −2.10 | −0.38 | <0.01 | ||
Comorbidities | 4768 | ||||||
No vs. ≥2 comorbid conditions | 0.70 | 0.03 | 1.36 | 0.04 | |||
1 vs. ≥2 comorbid conditions | 0.49 | −0.07 | 1.05 | 0.09 | |||
BMI | 4726 | ||||||
Normal weight vs. obesity | 2.38 | 1.51 | 3.24 | <0.01 | |||
Overweight vs. obesity | 1.67 | 0.89 | 2.44 | <0.01 | |||
Symptom-related barriersc
| |||||||
Fatigue | Between | 4698 | 3.4 | −0.79 | −0.96 | −0.61 | <0.01 |
Within | 3.4 | −0.25 | −0.50 | 0.01 | 0.05 | ||
Pain | Between | 4742 | 6 | −0.22 | −0.32 | −0.13 | <0.01 |
Within | 6 | 0.01 | −0.08 | 0.11 | 0.75 | ||
Nausea | Between | 4725 | 3 | −0.15 | −0.25 | −0.05 | <0.01 |
Within | 3 | −0.08 | −0.16 | −0.01 | 0.05 | ||
Dyspnea | Between | 4698 | 4 | −0.21 | −0.27 | −0.15 | <0.01 |
Within | 4 | −0.04 | −0.11 | 0.03 | 0.24 | ||
Insomnia | Between | 4715 | 4 | −0.07 | −0.13 | −0.02 | <0.01 |
Within | 4 | −0.03 | −0.09 | 0.02 | 0.28 | ||
Appetite loss | Between | 4720 | 5 | −0.29 | −0.40 | −0.17 | <0.01 |
Within | 5 | −0.08 | −0.18 | 0.03 | 0.14 | ||
Financial difficulties | Between | 4706 | 3 | −0.08 | −0.14 | −0.02 | <0.01 |
Within | 3 | −0.01 | −0.05 | 0.07 | 0.81 | ||
Micturition problems | Between | 4669 | 8.7 | −0.39 | −0.57 | −0.20 | <0.01 |
Within | 8.7 | −0.03 | −0.22 | 0.16 | 0.76 | ||
Chemo side effects | Between | 4693 | 7.9 | −0.41 | −0.60 | −0.22 | <0.01 |
Within | 7.9 | −0.04 | −0.23 | 0.14 | 0.65 | ||
Gastro-intestinal problems | Between | 4655 | 7.2 | −0.12 | −0.30 | 0.06 | 0.20 |
Within | 7.2 | −0.03 | −0.18 | 0.23 | 0.80 | ||
Defecation problems | Between | 3609 | 6.0 | −0.21 | −0.41 | −0.01 | 0.04 |
Within | 6.0 | −0.03 | −0.27 | 0.22 | 0.83 | ||
Stoma-related problems | Between | 967d
| 10.4 | −0.04 | −0.41 | 0.34 | 0.85 |
Within | 10.4 | −0.10 | −0.45 | 0.65 | 0.71 | ||
Weight loss | Between | 4716 | 7.8 | −0.26 | −0.46 | −0.07 | <0.01 |
Within | 7.8 | −0.12 | −0.27 | 0.02 | 0.09 | ||
Functioning-related barrierse
| |||||||
Physical functioning | Between | 4741 | 5 | 0.66 | 0.58 | 0.75 | <0.01 |
Within | 5 | 0.10 | −0.03 | 0.24 | 0.13 | ||
Role functioning | Between | 4726 | 6 | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.46 | <0.01 |
Within | 6 | 0.04 | −0.05 | 0.12 | 0.41 | ||
Social functioning | Between | 4721 | 5 | 0.26 | 0.18 | 0.35 | <0.01 |
Within | 5 | 0.05 | −0.04 | 0.13 | 0.29 | ||
Emotional functioning | Between | 4722 | 4 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.28 | <0.01 |
Within | 4 | 0.01 | −0.09 | 0.08 | 0.93 | ||
Cognitive functioning | Between | 4728 | 3 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.15 | <0.01 |
Within | 3 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.07 | ||
Global quality of life | Between | 4739 | 4 | 0.37 | 0.29 | 0.45 | <0.01 |
Within | 4 | 0.02 | −0.06 | 0.11 | 0.57 | ||
Body image | Between | 4692 | 10.9 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.03 |
Within | 10.9 | 0.02 | −0.23 | 0.18 | 0.82 | ||
Future perspective | Between | 4728 | 13.7 | 0.38 | 0.20 | 0.57 | <0.01 |
Within | 13.7 | 0.02 | −0.20 | 0.17 | 0.87 | ||
Psychological barriers | |||||||
Anxiety | Between | 4685 | 1.8 | −0.29 | −0.46 | −0.12 | <0.01 |
Within | 1.8 | −0.08 | −0.31 | 0.15 | 0.51 | ||
Depressive symptoms | Between | 4704 | 1.8 | −0.73 | −0.90 | −0.55 | <0.01 |
Within | 1.8 | −0.21 | −0.45 | 0.03 | 0.09 |
Psychological barriers and MVPA
Functioning-related barriers and MVPA
Symptom-related barriers and MVPA
Conjoint associations with MVPA
Domains | Numbera
|
R
2
|
---|---|---|
Socio-demographic factors | 2407 | 0.039 |
Clinical factors | 2061 | 0.022 |
Symptom-related barriersb
| 1680 | 0.038 |
Functioning-related barriersc
| 2340 | 0.106 |
Psychological barriers | 2345 | 0.024 |