Background
Methods
Recruitment
Study design
Interventions
Exercise programme
Control group
Data collection
Unit costs
Health outcomes
Sample size
Statistical analysis
Cost utility analysis
Results
Response
Characteristics | Exercise Completed Follow up | Best Care Completed Follow up | Exercise Lost to Follow up | Best Care Lost to Follow up |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 55 | 51 | 9 | 12 |
Age (years) | 71(5) | 74 (6) | ||
Living in rural areas (%) | 67 | 65 | 67 | 33 |
Living alone (%) | 24 | 18 | 22 | 17 |
Education, primary school or higher (%) | 40 | 37 | 44 | 33 |
Income (€/month), (%): | ||||
less than 360 | 4 | 3 | 11 | 0 |
360 to 600 | 89 | 91 | 89 | 92 |
more than 600 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 8 |
Daily smoking (1 or more cigarette/day) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Daily alcohol consumption (%) | 11 | 4 | ||
Physical activity standardised (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Overweight (%) | 80 | 86 | 78 | 83 |
BMI | 29.7 (4.2) | 30.6 (4.3) | ||
Diabetes mellitus type II (%) | 40 | 39 | 33 | 25 |
Moderate depressed (%) | 33 | 39 | 44 | 33 |
Health outcome
|
Group
|
Baseline
|
Six months
|
p*
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Body Mass Index (kg·m-2) | exercise | 29.7 (4.2) | 29.4 (4.2) | .003 |
Control | 30.6 (4.3) | 30.8 (4.3) | ||
Depression by Geriatric Depression Scale | Exercise | 2.3 (2.5) | 1.8 (2.3) | .001 |
Control | 2.6 (2.5) | 2.9 (2.5) | ||
Anxiety by State Trait Anxiety Inventory | exercise | 19.2 (11.2) | 14.1 (9.0) | <.001 |
Control | 21.2 (10.4) | 22.2 (9.8) | ||
Anxiety/Depression by EQ-5D | Exercise | 1.4 (0.6) | 1.2 (0.4) | .009 |
Control | 1.4 (0.6) | 1.5 (0.7) |
Costs
Concept
|
unit*
|
over 6 months (€)
|
Total (€)
|
---|---|---|---|
Health system costs
| |||
Personnel† | |||
sport technician (25 weeks) | 9 €/hour | 2250 | |
Facilities (renting) | 0 €/hour | 0 | |
Medication (no mean change were observed)
| Drug price | 0 | |
Consultation (no mean change were observed)
| Official price | 0 | |
Total health system perspective
| 2250 |
Health outcome and cost utility analysis
Alternatives
|
Best care in general
Practice (n = 51)
|
Best care plus
Exercise (n = 55)
|
---|---|---|
EQ-5D utility at baseline | 0.542 (0.334) | 0.688 (0.304) |
EQ-5D utility at 6 months* | 0.510 (0.196) | 0.890 (0.178) |
QALY over 6 months* | 0.263 (0.132) | 0.395 (0.121) |
QALY difference versus best care† | 0.132 (0.104 to 0.286) | |
Incremental cost per person (€) | 41 | |
Cost-utility (€/QALY) † | 311 (143 to 394) |
Sensitivity analysis
Manipulation of variables | Incremental cost versus best care per person (€) | Cost utility ratio (€/QALY) |
---|---|---|
Number of participants: | ||
- 30% lower | 58 | 439 |
- 30% higher* | 47 | 356 |
- 50% lower or higher | 41 | 311 |
- Distributed in 3 groups* | 61 | 462 |
Including 5 h/week for assessment | 61 | 462 |
Salary of technician: | ||
- 30% lower | 29 | 220 |
- 30% higher | 54 | 409 |
Best scenario of salary, participation and effectiveness† | 27 | 94 |
Worst scenario of salary, participation and effectiveness‡ | 115 | 871 |