Background
Methods
Eligibility criteria
Search strategy
Study selection
Data extraction
Data synthesis and analysis
Quality assessment
Results
Quality of evidence
Available evidence of COVID-19 HAI
HAI estimates by country and pandemic phases
HAI estimates by timing of implementing prevention measures and type of hospital service
Author, publication date | Total sample size of patients included in analysis | Proportion of HAI (or incidence rate) | Study timing relative to NPPIs |
---|---|---|---|
Ajayi 2020 | 657 | 4.10% | Before |
Luong-Nguyen 2020 | 301 | 4.90% | Before |
Lakhani 2020 | 288 | 6.48% | Before |
Harada 2020 | 562 | 18.50% | Before |
Borges 2021 | 92 | 22.83% | Before |
Lio 2021 | 28 | 25.00% | Before |
Schwierzeck 2020 | 48 | 27.08% | Before |
Bestillieiro 2020 | 34 | 29.41% | Before |
Romero 2020 | 198 | 33.60% | Before |
Constantino-Shor 2021 | 25 | 40.00% | Before |
Davis 2021 | 222 | 46.29% | Before |
Horing 2020 | 50 | 52.00% | Before |
Caronni 2021 | 11 | 54.50% | Before |
Mazzoleni 2020 | 62 | 65.00% | Before |
Romics 2021 | 179 | 0.00% | During |
Rhee 2020 | 9149 | 0.02% | During |
Ambrosch 2020 | 6106 | 0.16% | During |
Sahoo 2020 | 1769 | 0.28% | During |
Mettias 2020 | 3410 | 0.32% | During |
Demiroz 2020 | 162 | 1.20% | During |
Romao 2020 | 617 | 1.30% | During |
Tabourin 2020 | 68 | 1.50% | During |
Axiotakis 2021 | 501 | 1.80% | During |
Wee 2020 | 45 | 2.20% | During |
Lubansu 2020 | 176 | 2.84% | During |
Jeannon 2021 | 69 | 3.00% | During |
Rajasekaran 2021 | 347 | 4.00% | During |
Yau 2020 | 237 | 4.60% | During |
Meena 2020 | 20 | 5.00% | During |
Sobrado 2020 | 99 | 5.00% | During |
Jewkes 2020 | 133 | 6.00% | During |
Khonyongwa 2020 | 774 | 7.10% | During |
Cheng 2021 | 78 | 15.40% | During |
Thompson 2020 | 160 | 33.00% | During |
Al Lawati 2020 | 28 | 46.43% | During |
Goldberg 2020 | 97 | 53.60% | During |
Long 2021 | 2992 | 0.8–5.0 cases per 10,000 patient days | During |
Biernat 2020 | 39 | 4.87% | Not clear |
Khan 2021 | 173 | 11.00% | Not clear |
Carter 2020 | 1564 | 12.50% | Not clear |
Bhogal 2020 | 179 | 16.00% | Not clear |
Garratti 2020 | 52 | 19.00% | Not clear |
Elkrief 2020 | 252 | 19.00% | Not clear |
Colomer 2020 | 40 | 35.00% | Not clear |
Gaudart 2021 | 100,988 | 155.6 cases (range 19·4–489.5) per 100,000 in-hospital habitants | Not clear |
Hospital service | Author | Proportion of HAI, % | HAI incidence rate |
---|---|---|---|
Cancer | Romics 2021 | 0 | |
Jeannon 2021 | 3.00 | ||
Rajasekaran 2021 | 4.00 | ||
Biernat 2020 | 4.87 | ||
Luong-Nguyen 2020 | 4.90 | ||
Sobrado 2020 | 5.00 | ||
Bhogal 2020 | 16.00 | ||
Elkrief 2020 | 19.00 | ||
Bestillieiro 2020 | 29.41 | ||
Dialysis | Yau 2020 | 4.60 | |
Lio 2021 | 25.00 | ||
Schwierzeck 2020 | 27.08 | ||
Mazzoleni 2020 | 65.00 | ||
Long-term care | Romero 2020 | 33.60 | |
Goldberg 2020 | 53.60 | ||
Neurological | Sahoo 2020 | 0.28 | |
Lubansu 2020 | 2.84 | ||
Jewkes 2020 | 6.00 | ||
Caronni 2021 | 54.50 | ||
Paediatrics | Colomer 2020 | 35.00 | |
Psychiatry | Thompson 2020 | 33.00 | |
Constantino-Shor 2021 | 40.00 | ||
Operative surgery | Mettias 2020 | 0.32 | |
Demiroz 2020 | 1.20 | ||
Axiotakis 2021 | 1.80 | ||
Lakhani 2020 | 6.48 | ||
Garratti 2020 | 19.00 | ||
Rheumatoid Illness | Romao 2020 | 1.30 | |
General wards/other | Gaudart 2021 | 155.6 cases per 100,000 in-hospital habitants | |
Long 2021 | 0.8–5.0 cases per 10,000 patient days | ||
Rhee 2020 | 0.02 | ||
Ambrosch 2020 | 0.16 | ||
Tabourin 2020 | 1.50 | ||
Wee 2020 | 2.20 | ||
Ajayi 2020 | 4.10 | ||
Meena 2020 | 5.00 | ||
Khonyongwa 2020 | 7.10 | ||
Khan 2021 | 11.00 | ||
Carter 2020 | 12.50 | ||
Cheng 2021 | 15.40 | ||
Harada 2020 | 18.50 | ||
Borges 2021 | 22.83 | ||
Davis 2021 | 46.29 | ||
Horing 2020 | 52.00 | ||
Al Lawati 2020 | 56.43 |