Background
COVID-19 morbidity and mortality
Vaccination against COVID-19 among Latinos
Reasons for nonintent to vaccinate against COVID-19 among Latinos
Methods
Latino cohorts and recruitment
Vaccination against Covid-19 survey
Data analysis
Results
Description of cohorts
Cohort name | Telomeres at birth (TAB) Mean ± SD (or %) (n = 211) | Hispanic, eating and nutrition (HEN) & Latino, eating and diabetes (LEAD) (n = 108) |
---|---|---|
Household specifics | ||
No. of people in household | 4.7 ± 1.9 | 5.11 ± 1.82 |
No. of children in household | 2.1 ± 0.96 | 2.6 ± 1.03 |
Languages spoken at home | ||
English | 64.6% (135/209) | 6.5% (7/107) |
Spanish | 32.1% (67/209) | 93.5% (100/107) |
Bilingual (English & Spanish) | 3.4% (7/209) | N/A |
Maternal age | ||
Age (years) | 35.4 ± 5.6 | 37.4 ± 6.8 |
Maternal marital status | ||
Married/Living with partner | 91.4% (191/209) | 51.4% (55/107) |
Single/Other | 8.5% (17/209) | 48.6% (52/107) |
Maternal high school education | ||
Has high school diploma | 81.8% (171/209) | |
No high school diploma | 18.2% (38/209) | |
Less than or equal to high school/GED | 83.2% (89/107) | |
Household socioeconomic status | ||
Number sharing bathroom (persons) | 3.4 ± 1.7 | 4.2 ± 1.6 |
Number sharing bedroom (persons) | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 2.4 ± 1.1 |
Household food insecurity during COVID-19 lockdowns | 34.1% (63/185) | 64.5% (60/93) |
No adult employed in household during COVID-19 lockdowns | 23.2% (43/185) | 55.4% (56/83) |
Ethnicity/ethnic identity and place of birth | ||
Mexican/Mexican–American | 31.0% (64/210) | 55.9% (57/102) |
Central American | 29.5% (62/210) | 39.2% (40/102) |
South American | 8.1% (17/210) | 4.9% (5/102) |
Caribbean | 1.9% (4/210) | N/A |
Spain/Portugal | 6.7% (14/210) | N/A |
Spanish language (primary) | 64.6% (135/209) | 93.5% (100/107) |
Foreign born | Not Available | 93.5% (101/108) |
COVID-19 infection in household | ||
Anyone in household previously or currently infected with COVID-19 | 21.4% (45/210) | 38.0% (41/108) |
Attitudes towards vaccination against COVID-19 and overall vaccination
Cohort name | Telomeres at birth (TAB) cohort (n = 211) | Hispanic, eating and nutrition (HEN) & Latino, eating and diabetes (LEAD) cohorts (n = 108) |
---|---|---|
Vaccine history (including influenza and childhood vaccinations)^ | ||
Comfortable with vaccines for self^ | 90.0% (189/210) | 87.0% (94/108) |
Comfortable with vaccines for children^ | 83.3% (175/210) | 90.7% (98/108) |
Vaccines up-to-date for self^ | 94.8% (199/210) | 95.4% (103/108) |
Children vaccines up-to-date^ | 94.3% (198/210) | 97.2% (105/108) |
COVID-19 vaccine plan | ||
Wants COVID-19 vaccine for self or has already received vaccine | 80.0% (168/210) (20% refusal) | 84.3% (91/108) (16.7% refusal) |
Wants child to get COVID-19 vaccine or has already received it | 66.7% (70/210) (33.3% refusal) | 74.1% (80/108) (25.9% refusal) |
Does not want vaccine for self and/or child | 35.2% (74/210) | 27.8% (30/108) |
Reason for COVID-19 vaccine nonintent | ||
Vaccine not around long enough | 61.9% (26/74) | 26.7% (8/30) |
Can “survive without vaccine” | 21.4% (9/74) | 16.7% (5/30) |
Does not trust science | 14.3% (6/74) | 6.7% (2/30) |
Does not trust medicine | 14.3% (6/74) | 3.3% (1/30) |
Concern about side effects | 35.7% (15/74) | 23.3% (7/30) |
COVID-19 vaccine side effects | ||
Fear side effects of COVID-19 vaccine for self (1–10 scale)* | 4.4 ± 3.2 | 5.1 ± 3.4 |
Fear side effects of COVID-19 vaccine for children (1–10 scale)* | 5.5 ± 3.2 | 6.0 ± 3.45 |
COVID-19 vaccine influence (self-reported influences/influencers) | ||
Family | 31.0% (65/210) | 24.1% (26/108) |
Friends | 26.7% (56/210) | 36.1% (39/108) |
Co-workers | 21.0% (44/210) | 20.4% (22/108) |
Social media | 15.2% (32/210) | 29.6% (32/108) |
News media | 45.2% (95/210) | 41.7% (45/108) |
Risk factors for nonintent to vaccinate against COVID-19
Variable | TAB (n = 210 Families) | P value | HEN/LEAD (n = 108 Families) | P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plans vaccine or has already received it (n=136) | Vaccine nonintent (n=74) | Plans vaccine or has already received it (n=78) | Vaccine nonintent (n=30) | |||
Socio-demographics | ||||||
Number of children in household | 2.0 ± 1.9 | 2.2 ± 1.1 | 0.56 | 2.51 ± 1.01 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 0.12 |
Mom’s age, years | 36.2 ± 5.1 | 34.1 ± 6.3 | 0.01 | 35.9 ± 7.1 | 34.8 ± 6.3 | 0.49 |
Married/ living with partner | 92.6% (125/135) | 89.2% (65/74) | 0.40 | 53.9% (44/78) | 44.8% (13/29) | 0.41 |
Socioeconomic and lifestyle variables | ||||||
No of people living in the house | 4.5 ± 1.7 | 5.1 ± 2.2 | 0.09 | 5.1 ± 1.9 | 5.2 ± 1.5 | 0.39 |
No of people sharing bathroom | 3.3 ± 1.6 | 3.8 ± 1.8 | 0.10 | 3.9 ± 1.5 | 4.7 ± 1.8 | 0.048 |
No of people sharing a bedroom | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 0.27 | 2.39 ± 1.09 | 2.47 ± 1.01 | 0.44 |
Adult working in household during COVID lockdown (yes/no) | 77.7% (94/121) | 75% (48/64) | 0.68 | 59.1% (39/66) | 61.5% (16/26) | 0.83 |
Maternal education level | ||||||
High school or less (yes/no) | 84.4% (65/77) | 89.0% (24/30) | 0.58 | |||
High school diploma (yes/no) | 84.4% (114/135) | 77.0% (57/74) | 0.18 | |||
Language place of birth and residence | ||||||
Spanish predominant | 28.2% (38/135) | 39.2% (29/74) | 0.11 | 94.9% (74/78) | 89.7% (26/29) | 0.33 |
Born in USA | Not available | Not available | 3.9% (3/78) | 13.3% (4/30) | 0.07 | |
Years in USA | Not available | Not available | 8.1 ± 6.4 | 9.3 ± 7.5 | 0.54 | |
Previous COVID infection/experience | ||||||
Someone in household previously infected with COVID | 16.2% (114/136) | 31.1% (23/74) | < 0.01 | 41.0% (32/78) | 30.0% (9/30) | 0.29 |
Concern about COVID-19 vaccine side effects^ | ||||||
For self | 3.4 ± 2.7 | 6.2 ± 3.3 | < 0.01 | 4.5 ± 3.2 | 6.6 ± 3.6 | < 0.01 |
For children | 4.5 ± 3.0 | 7.5 ± 2.7 | < 0.01 | 5.3 ± 3.2 | 7.7 ± 3.3 | < 0.01 |
COVID vaccine influences | ||||||
Family | 39.0% (53/136) | 16.2% (12/74) | < 0.01 | 30.8% (24/78) | 6.7% (2/30) | < 0.01 |
Friends | 31.6% (43/136) | 17.6% (13/74) | 0.03 | 37.2% (29/78) | 33.3% (10/30) | 0.71 |
Co-workers | 25.8% (35/136) | 12.2% (9/74) | 0.02 | 23.1% (18/78) | 13.3% (4/30) | 0.26 |
News | 50% (68/136) | 36.5% (27/74) | 0.06 | 37.2% (29/78) | 53.3% (16/30) | 0.13 |
Social media | 15.4% (21/136) | 14.9% (11/74) | 0.91 | 28.2% (22/78) | 33.3% (10/30) | 0.61 |
Ethnicity | 0.94 | |||||
Central American | 44.2% (38/86) | 49.0% (25/51) | 0.87 | 38.7% (29/75) | 40.7% (11/27) | |
Mexican | 43.0% (37/86) | 33.9% (19/51) | 56.0% (42/75) | 55.6% (15/27) | ||
South American/Caribbean/Spain | 12.8% (11/86) | 13.7% (7/51) | 5.3% (4/75) | 3.7% (1/27) | ||
Food insecurity | ||||||
Food insecurity score* | 1.3 ± 2.6 | 1.5 ± 2.7 | 0.34 | 2.8 ± 3.0 | 3.1 ± 3.6 | 0.65 |
Food insecurity category | ||||||
High food security | 68.6% (83/121) | 60.9% (39/64) | 0.65 | 35.8% (24/64) | 34.6% (9/26) | 0.91 |
Marginal food security | 12.4% (15/121) | 15.2% (10/64) | 19.4% (13/67) | 19.2% (5/26) | ||
Low food security | 13.2% (16/121) | 18.8% (12/64) | 28.4% (19/67) | 38.6% (9/26) | ||
Very low food security | 5.8% (7/121) | 4.7% (3/64) | 11.5% (11/67) | 16.4% (3/26) |