Background
Methods
Results
Reliability and validity
Demographic results
Variable | n (%) |
---|---|
Age (years) | |
20 to < 30 | 507 (50%) |
30 to < 40 | 301 (29.7%) |
40 to < 50 | 134 (13.2%) |
50 or above | 71 (7%) |
Profession | |
Dental student | 197 (19.5%) |
Dental intern | 76 (7.5%) |
Dental assistant | 156 (15.4%) |
Dental hygienist | 37 (3.7%) |
Postgraduate resident | 92 (9.1%) |
General dentist | 181 (17.9%) |
Specialist/consultant | 271 (26.8%) |
Region | |
Northern Region | 46 (4.5%) |
Southern Region | 107 (10.6%) |
Western Region | 226 (22.3%) |
Eastern Region | 367 (36.2%) |
Central Region | 267 (26.4%) |
Work sector | |
Academia | 336 (33.4%) |
Government | 452 (44.9%) |
Private | 219 (21.7%) |
Work setting | |
Hospital | 641 (63.4%) |
Nonhospital | 370 (36.6%) |
Awareness of SARS-CoV-2 and bivariate analysis results
Variable | Dental profession | p | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dental student | Dental intern | Dental assistant | Dental hygienist | Postgraduate resident | General dentist | Specialist consultant | Total | ||
Q1: Incubation period of SARS-CoV-2? | |||||||||
1–7 days | 3 (1.5%) | 2 (2.6%) | 4 (2.6%) | 1 (2.8%) | 4 (4.4%) | 4 (2.2%) | 9 (3.3%) | 27 | |
1–14 days | 184 (93.4%) | 71 (93.4%) | 139 (89.1%) | 35 (97.2%) | 84 (91.2%) | 165 (91.7%) | 245 (90.4%) | 923 | 0.866 |
1–21 days | 7 (3.6%) | 3 (4.0%) | 12 (7.7%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (4.4%) | 10 (5.6%) | 15 (5.6% | 51 | |
Do not know | 3 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 2 (0.7%) | 7 | |
Total | 197 (100%) | 76 (100%) | 156 (100%) | 36 (100%) | 92 (100%) | 180 (100%) | 271 (100%) | 1008 | |
Q2: Survival of SARS-CoV-2 outside the host? | |||||||||
Couple of hours | 108 (54.8%) | 48 (63.2%) | 78 (50%) | 22 (61.1%) | 42 (45.6%) | 83 (46.1%) | 115 (42.4%) | 496 | |
Couple of days | 52 (26.4%) | 18 (23.7%) | 40 (25.6%) | 11 (30.5%) | 39 (42.4%) | 69 (38.3%) | 131 (48.3%) | 360 | 0.000 ** |
Couple of weeks | 10 (5.1%) | 3 (3.9%) | 28 (18%) | 1 (2.8%) | 7 (7.6%) | 10 (0.6%) | 12 (4.5%) | 71 | |
Do not know | 27 (13.7%) | 7 (9.2%) | 10 (6.4%) | 2 (5.6%) | 4 (4.4%) | 18 (10%) | 13 (4.8%) | 81 | |
Total | 197 (100%) | 76 (100%) | 156 (100%) | 36 (100%) | 92 (100%) | 180 (100%) | 271 (100%) | 1008 | |
Q3: Recommended hand-soap cleaning time to prevent SARS-CoV-2-infection? | |||||||||
Approximately 20 s | 35 (17.8%) | 15 (19.7%) | 60 (38.5%) | 5 (13.9%) | 19 (20.7%) | 45 (24.8%) | 98 (36.3%) | 277 | |
Approximately 40 s | 118 (60.3%) | 44 (57.9%) | 39 (25.0%) | 25 (69.4%) | 63 (68.4%) | 121 (66.9%) | 151 (55.9%) | 561 | |
Approximately 60 s | 38 (19.3%) | 16 (21.1%) | 56 (35.9%) | 4 (11.1%) | 6 (6.5%) | 14 (7.7%) | 18 (6.7%) | 152 | 0.000** |
Do not know | 5 (2.6%) | 1 (1.3%) | 1 (0.6%) | 2 (5.6%) | 4 (4.4%) | 1 (0.6%) | 3 (1.1%) | 17 | |
Total | 196 (100%) | 76 (100%) | 156 (100%) | 36 (100%) | 92 (100%) | 181 (100%) | 270 (100%) | 1007 | |
Q4: Willingness to treat a suspected COVID-19 patient? | |||||||||
Yes | 52 (26.4%) | 15 (19.7%) | 44 (28.8%) | 14 (38.9%) | 16 (17.4%) | 48 (26.7%) | 62 (23%) | 251 | |
No | 145 (73.6%) | 61 (80.3%) | 109 (71.2%) | 22 (61.1%) | 76 (82.6%) | 132 (73.3%) | 208 (77%) | 753 | 0.129 |
Total | 197 (100%) | 76 (100%) | 153 (100%) | 36 (100%) | 92 (100%) | 180 (100%) | 270 (100%) | 1004 |
Variable | Work setting | p | Work sector | p | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hospital | Nonhospital | Total | Academia | Government | Private | Total | |||
Q1: Incubation period of SARS-CoV-2? | |||||||||
1–7 days | 18 (2.8%) | 9 (2.4%) | 27 | 8 (2.4%) | 10 (2.2%) | 9 (4.1%) | 27 | ||
1–14 days | 582 (91.0%) | 342 (92.7%) | 924 | 0.587 | 309 (92.0%) | 418 (92.7%) | 193 (88.5%) | 920 | 0.648 |
1–21 days | 34 (5.3%) | 17(4.6%) | 51 | 16 (4.7%) | 21 (4.7%) | 14 (6.4%) | 51 | ||
Do not know | 6 (0.9%) | 1(0.3%) | 7 | 3 (0.9%) | 2 (0.4%) | 2 (1.0%) | 7 | ||
Total | 640 (100%) | 369 (100%) | 1009 | 336 (100%) | 451 (100%) | 218 (100%) | 1005 | ||
Q2: Survival of SARS-CoV-2 outside the host? | |||||||||
Couple of hours | 323 (50.5%) | 173 (46.9%) | 496 | 0.146 | 163 (48.5%) | 222 (49.3%) | 111 (50.7%) | 496 | |
Couple of days | 213 (33.3%) | 147 (39.8%) | 360 | 133 (39.6%) | 157 (34.9%) | 67 (30.6%) | 357 | 0.083 | |
Couple of weeks | 46 (7.2%) | 25 (6.8%) | 71 | 15 (4.5%) | 39 (8.7%) | 17 (7.8%) | 71 | ||
Do not know | 58 (9.0%) | 24 (6.5%) | 82 | 25 (7.4%) | 32 (7.1%) | 24 (10.9%) | 81 | ||
Total | 640 (100%) | 369 (100%) | 1009 | 336 (100%) | 450 (100%) | 219 (100%) | 1005 | ||
Q3: Recommended hand-soap cleaning time to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection? | |||||||||
Approximately 20 s | 163 (25.5%) | 113 (30.5%) | 276 | 95 (28.4%) | 124 (27.5%) | 56 (25.6%) | 275 | ||
Approximately 40 s | 359 (56.2%) | 201 (54.3%) | 560 | 0.244 | 179 (53.6%) | 251 (55.7%) | 128 (58.4%) | 558 | 0.060 |
Approximately 60 s | 106 (16.6%) | 49 (13.2%) | 155 | 48 (14.4%) | 73 (16.2%) | 33 (15.1%) | 154 | ||
Do not know | 10 (2.7%) | 7 (2.0%) | 17 | 12 (3.6%) | 3 (0.6%) | 2 (0.9%) | 17 | ||
Total | 638 (100%) | 370 (100%) | 1008 | 334 (100%) | 451 (100%) | 219 (100%) | 1004 | ||
Q4: Willingness to treat a suspected COVID-19 patient? | |||||||||
Yes | 164 (25.7%) | 87 (23.7%) | 251 | 0.489 | 90 (26.9%) | 113 (25.1%) | 47 (21.6%) | 250 | |
No | 475 (74.3%) | 280 (76.3%) | 755 | 244 (73.1%) | 337 (74.9%) | 171 (78.4%) | 752 | 0.358 | |
Total | 639 (100%) | 367 (100%) | 1006 | 334 (100%) | 450 (100%) | 218 (100%) | 1002 |
Frequency | Percent | |
---|---|---|
Q5: Route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission | ||
Direct skin-to-skin transmission | 312 | 30.8 |
Direct fluid transmission (saliva, body fluids, or blood) | 548 | 54.1 |
Droplet spread (sneezing or coughing) | 932 | 92 |
Airborne transmission (air or dust) | 305 | 30.1 |
Q6: Signs and symptoms of COVID-19 | ||
Fever | 1000 | 98.7 |
Headache | 736 | 72.7 |
Diarrhea | 323 | 31.9 |
Vomiting | 187 | 18.5 |
Muscle pain | 492 | 48.6 |
Coughing | 944 | 93.2 |
Shortness of breath | 940 | 92.8 |
Sore throat | 671 | 66.2 |
Nasal congestion | 295 | 29.1 |
Skin rash | 32 | 3.2 |
Q7: Methods of SARS-CoV-2 transmission prevention in dental clinics | ||
Hand-soap cleaning | 960 | 94.8 |
Hand sanitizers | 873 | 86.2 |
Personal protective equipment (gloves, masks, and wrapping) | 973 | 96.1 |
Preoperative chlorhexidine mouthwash | 360 | 35.5 |
Preoperative hydrogen peroxide mouthwash | 207 | 20.4 |
Rubber dam isolation | 620 | 61.2 |
Clinic surface disinfection | 877 | 86.6 |
Adequate ventilation | 579 | 57.2 |
Utilization of an isolated clinic | 592 | 58.4 |
Factors | Willingness of dentist | Odd ratio | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 251) | No (n = 756) | OR (95% CI) | Sig | |
Gender (Female) | 129 (51.4) | 409 (54.1) | 1.12 (0.84–1.48) | 0.456 |
Age (20 to < 30 years) | 130 (51.8) | 373 (49.3) | 1.07 (0.73–1.55) | 0.738 |
Age (30 to < 40 years) | 71 (28.3) | 230 (30.4) | 0.94 (0.62–1.43) | 0.788 |
Age (40 to < 50 years) | 34 (13.5) | 98 (13.0) | 1.19 (0.60–2.35) | 0.612 |
Age (> 50 years) | 16 (6.4) | 55 (7.3) | – | – |
Dental student | 52 (20.7) | 145 (19.3) | 1.70 (0.91–3.18) | 0.095 |
Dental intern | 15 (6.0) | 61 (8.1) | 1.17 (0.53–2.55) | 0.697 |
Dental assistant | 44 (17.5)* | 109 (14.5) | 1.92 (1.01–3.65) | 0.047* |
Dental hygienist | 14 (17.5)* | 22 (2.9) | 3.02 (1.28–7.14) | 0.012* |
General dentist | 48 (19.1) | 132 (17.5) | 1.73 (0.92–3.25) | 0.090 |
Specialist/consultant | 62 (24.7) | 208 (27.6) | 1.42 (0.77–2.60) | 0.263 |
Postgraduate resident | 16 (6.4) | 76 (10.1) | – | – |
Academic sector | 90 (36.0) | 244 (32.4) | 1.34 (0.90–2.01) | 0.153 |
Government sector | 113 (45.2) | 337 (44.8) | 1.22 (0.83–1.80) | 0.314 |
Hospital setup | 164 (65.3) | 475 (62.9) | 1.11 (0.82–1.50) | 0.489 |