nach oben

Inflammopharmacology

Erschienen in:

18.08.2022 | COVID-19 | Short Communication

Nirmatrelvir–remdesivir association for non-hospitalized adults with COVID-19, point of view

verfasst von: Francesco Ferrara, Andrea Zovi, Ugo Trama, Antonio Vitiello

Erschienen in: Inflammopharmacology | Ausgabe 5/2022

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The efforts of the scientific world directed to identifying new antiviral drugs and therapies effective against SARS-CoV-2 continue. New oral antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 such as paxlovid have recently authorized. Evidence shows that these antivirals have good efficacy in reducing the risk of hospitalization in COVID-19 positive patients. Remdesivir is an authorized antiviral for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To date, there are still few data in the literature on the safety profile and the risk of generating antiviral-resistant SARS-CoV-2 drug variants. In this manuscript we describe the evidence in the literature on the monotherapy use of paxlovid and monotherapy use of remdesivir, and the scientific hypothesis of using nirmatrelvir and remdesivir in association with the aim of increasing treatment efficacy, reducing the risk of adverse reactions and generating antiviral drug-resistant variants.

Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE et al (2020) Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19—final report. N Engl J Med 383:1813–1826CrossRef

Boden D, Markowitz M (1998) Resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42:2775–2783 (Google Scholar CrossRef PubMed)CrossRef

Chen Z, Li Y, Schock HB, Hall D, Chen E, Kuo LC (1995) Three-dimensional structure of a mutant HIV-1 protease displaying cross-resistance to all protease inhibitors in clinical trials. J Biol Chem 270:21433–21436 (Google Scholar CrossRef)CrossRef

Focosi D, Maggi F, McConnell S, Casadevall A (2022) Very low levels of remdesivir resistance in SARS-COV-2 genomes after 18 months of massive usage during the COVID19 pandemic: a GISAID exploratory analysis. Antiviral Res 198:105247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105247CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gandhi S, Klein J, Robertson A, Peña-Hernández MA, Lin MJ, Roychoudhury P, Lu P, Fournier J, Ferguson D, Mohamed Bakhash SA, Catherine Muenker M, Srivathsan A, Wunder EA, Kerantzas N, Wang W, Lindenbach B, Pyle A, Wilen CB, Ogbuagu O, Greninger AL, Iwasaki A, Schulz WL, Ko AI (2021) De novo emergence of a remdesivir resistance mutation during treatment of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in an immunocompromised patient: A case report. medRxiv [preprint]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.08.21266069 (Update in: Nat Commun. 2022 Mar 17;13(1):1547. PMID: 34909781; PMCID: PMC8669848)CrossRef

Gottlieb RL, Vaca CE, Paredes R, Mera J, Webb BJ, Perez G, Oguchi G, Ryan P, Nielsen BU, Brown M, Hidalgo A, Sachdeva Y, Mittal S, Osiyemi O, Skarbinski J, Juneja K, Hyland RH, Osinusi A, Chen S, Camus G, Abdelghany M, Davies S, Behenna-Renton N, Duff F, Marty FM, Katz MJ, Ginde AA, Brown SM, Schiffer JT, Hill JA, GS-US-540-9012 (PINETREE) Investigators (2022) Early Remdesivir to Prevent progression to severe Covid-19 in outpatients. N Engl J Med 386(4):305–315. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2116846 (Epub 2021 Dec 22. PMID: 34937145; PMCID: PMC8757570)CrossRefPubMed

Hammond J, Leister-Tebbe H, Gardner A, Abreu P, Bao W, Wisemandle W, Baniecki M, Hendrick VM, Damle B, Simón-Campos A, Pypstra R, Rusnak JM, EPIC-HR Investigators (2022) Oral Nirmatrelvir for High-risk, nonhospitalized adults with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 386(15):1397–1408. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2118542CrossRefPubMed

https://covid19.who.int/ (COVID-19 monitoring WHO) [Accessed July 2022]

Hu B, Guo H, Zhou P, Shi ZL (2021) Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Nat Rev Microbiol 19(3):141–154. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7 (Epub 2020 Oct 6. Erratum in: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022 May;20(5):315. PMID: 33024307; PMCID: PMC7537588)CrossRefPubMed

Kim L, Garg S, O’Halloran A et al (2021) Risk factors for intensive care unit admission and in- hospital mortality among hospitalized adults identified through the US Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)–Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET). Clin Infect Dis 72(9):e206–e214CrossRef

Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Porter AL, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A (2020) [Comment] COVID-19 vaccine safety. Int J Mol Med 46(5):1599–1602. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4733 (Epub 2020 Sep 18. PMID: 33000193; PMCID: PMC7521561)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mistry P, Barmania F, Mellet J et al (2022) SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccines, and host immunity. Front Immunol 12:809244. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.809244 (Published 2022 Jan 3)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Najjar-Debbiny R, Gronich N, Weber G, Khoury J, Amar M, Stein N, Goldstein LH, Saliba W (2022) Effectiveness of Paxlovid in reducing severe COVID-19 and Mortality in high risk patients. Clin Infect Dis. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac443 (Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35653428; PMCID: PMC9214014)CrossRefPubMed

Owen DR, Allerton CMN, Anderson AS, Aschenbrenner L, Avery M, Berritt S, Boras B, Cardin RD, Carlo A, Coffman KJ et al (2021) An oral SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor clinical candidate for the treatment of COVID-19. Science 374:1586–1593 (Google Scholar CrossRef)CrossRef

Pizzorno A, Padey B, Julien T et al (2020) Characterization and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in nasal and bronchial human airway epithelia. Cell Rep Med 1(4):100059–100059CrossRef

Sacco MD, Hu Y, Gongora MV et al (2022) The P132H mutation in the main protease of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 decreases thermal stability without compromising catalysis or small-molecule drug inhibition. Cell Res 32(5):498–500. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-022-00640-yCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Şimşek-Yavuz S, Komsuoğlu Çelikyurt FI (2021) An update of anti-viral treatment of COVID-19. Turk J Med Sci 51(SI-1):3372–3390. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2106-250 (PMID: 34391321; PMCID: PMC8771049)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Takagi H (2021) Risk and protective factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol 93(2):649–651. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26427CrossRefPubMed

Vandyck K, Deval J (2021) Considerations for the discovery and development of 3- chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Curr Opin Virol 49:36–40 (Google Scholar CrossRef)CrossRef

Vitiello A, Ferrara F (2021) Anti-fibrotic therapy for the treatment of pulmonary sequelae in patients healed by COVID-19. Lung India 38(Supplement):S129–S130. https://doi.org/10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_803_20 (PMID:33687000;PMCID:PMC8104335)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Vitiello A, Ferrara F (2021) Brief review of the mRNA vaccines COVID-19. Inflammopharmacology 29(3):645–649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-021-00811-0 (Epub 2021 May 1. PMID: 33932192; PMCID: PMC8087898)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Vitiello A, Ferrara F, Porta R (2021) Remdesivir and COVID-19 infection, therapeutic benefits or unnecessary risks? Ir J Med Sci 190(4):1637–1638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02482-2 (Epub 2021 Jan 12. PMID: 33433843; PMCID: PMC7801863)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Vitiello A, La Porta R, D’Aiuto V, Ferrara F (2021) Pharmacological approach for the reduction of inflammatory and prothrombotic hyperactive state in COVID-19 positive patients by acting on complement cascade. Hum Immunol 82(4):264–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2021.01.007 (Epub 2021 Jan 20. PMID: 33632561; PMCID: PMC7816598)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Vitiello A, La Porta R, Ferrara F (2021) Scientific hypothesis and rational pharmacological for the use of sacubitril/valsartan in cardiac damage caused by COVID-19. Med Hypotheses 147:110486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110486 (Epub 2021 Jan 7. PMID: 33460992; PMCID: PMC7788318)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Vitiello A, Ferrara F, Troiano V, La Porta R (2021) COVID-19 vaccines and decreased transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Inflammopharmacology 29(5):1357–1360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-021-00847-2 (Epub 2021 Jul 19. PMID: 34279767; PMCID: PMC8287551)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Vitiello A, Porta R, Pianesi L, Ferrara F (2022) COVID-19 pandemic: vaccine and new monoclonal antibodies, point of view. Ir J Med Sci 191(1):487–488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-021-02584-5CrossRefPubMed

Wen W, Chen C, Tang J, Wang C, Zhou M, Cheng Y, Zhou X, Wu Q, Zhang X, Feng Z, Wang M, Mao Q (2022) Efficacy and safety of three new oral antiviral treatment (molnupiravir, fluvoxamine and Paxlovid) for COVID-19: a meta-analysis. Ann Med 54(1):516–523. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2022.2034936 (PMID:35118917;PMCID:PMC8820829)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Young B, Tan TT, Leo YS (2021) The place for remdesivir in COVID-19 treatment. Lancet Infect Dis 21(1):20–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30911-7 (Epub 2020 Nov 26. PMID: 33248473; PMCID: PMC7837362)CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Nirmatrelvir–remdesivir association for non-hospitalized adults with COVID-19, point of view
verfasst von: Francesco Ferrara
Andrea Zovi
Ugo Trama
Antonio Vitiello
Publikationsdatum: 18.08.2022
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Schlagwort: COVID-19
Erschienen in: Inflammopharmacology / Ausgabe 5/2022
Print ISSN: 0925-4692
Elektronische ISSN: 1568-5608
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-022-01055-2

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2022

Exploring the pivotal role of endothelin in rheumatoid arthritis

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) blockage reduces acute inflammation and delayed wound healing in oral ulcer of rats

Anti-inflammatory effects of N-Acetylcysteine and Elaeagnus angustifolia extract on acute lung injury induced by λ-carrageenan in rat

Effects of Boswellia species on viral infections with particular attention to SARS-CoV-2

Dysregulation of immunity in COVID-19 and SLE

Role of neopterin as an inflammatory biomarker in congestive heart failure with insights on effect of drug therapies on its level