Background
Methods
Radiographic assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Cohort | Shoulder pathology | N | Age (years) | Gender (female/male) | Shoulder side (right/left) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Development | CTA | 100 | 75 ± 8 | 75/25 | 70/30 |
OA | 100 | 69 ± 10 | 67/33 | 40/60 | |
RCT | 100 | 65 ± 7 | 48/52 | 62/38 | |
IM | 100 | 53 ± 11 | 44/56 | 55/45 | |
TC | 100 | 47 ± 8 | 73/27 | 49/51 | |
TOTAL | 500 | 62 ± 14 | 307/193 | 276/224 | |
External Validation | CTA | 100 | 77 ± 9 | 47/53 | 67/33 |
OA | 100 | 71 ± 10 | 57/43 | 45/55 | |
RCT | 100 | 60 ± 9 | 44/56 | 79/21 | |
IM | 100 | 51 ± 9 | 50/50 | 54/46 | |
TC | 100 | 46 ± 7 | 54/46 | 56/44 | |
TOTAL | 500 | 61 ± 15 | 252/248 | 301/199 |
Critical Shoulder Angle (CSA) | Acromion Index (AI) | Lateral Acromion Angle (LAA) | |
---|---|---|---|
Cuff tear arthropathy (CTA, n = 100) | 35.2° ± 2.8° | 0.69 ± 0.07 | 82.0° ± 6.3° |
Osteoarthritis (OA, n = 100) | 27.3° ± 3.5° | 0.63 ± 0.09 | 89.5° ± 5.9° |
Rotator cuff tears (RCT, n = 100) | 36.3° ± 2.7° | 0.74 ± 0.06 | 76.7° ± 5.8° |
Impingement (IM, n = 100) | 35.9° ± 2.7° | 0.70 ± 0.05 | 83.2° ± 6.6° |
Tendinitis calcarea (TC, n = 100) | 30.2 ± 2.9 | 0.63 ± 0.06 | 84.2° ± 5.3° |
CTA vs. OA
|
p
< 0.001
|
p
< 0.001
|
p
< 0.001
|
CTA vs. RCT
|
p
= 0.006
|
p
< 0.001
|
p
< 0.001
|
CTA vs. IM
|
p = 0.085 |
p = 0.689 |
p = 0.225 |
CTA vs. TC
|
p
< 0.001
|
p
< 0.001
|
p
= 0.011
|
OA vs. RCT
|
p
< 0.001
|
p
< 0.001
|
p
< 0.001
|
OA vs. IM
|
p
< 0.001
|
p
< 0.001
|
p
< 0.001
|
OA vs. TC
|
p
< 0.001
|
p = 0.842 |
p
< 0.001
|
RCT vs. IM
|
p = 0.289 |
p
= 0.001
|
p
< 0.001
|
RCT vs. TC
|
p
< 0.001
|
p
< 0.001
|
p
< 0.001
|
IM vs. TC
|
p
< 0.001
|
p
< 0.001
|
p = 0.235 |
Critical shoulder angle (CSA) | Acromion index (AI) | Lateral acromion angle (LAA) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AUROCa (95% CI) |
P
| AUROCa (95% CI) |
P
| AUROCa (95% CI) |
P
| |
CTA vs. OA |
0.97 (0.95–0.99)
| <0.001 | 0.72 (0.64–0.79) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.75–0.87) | <0.001 |
CTA vs. RCT | 0.61 (0.54–0.69) | 0.005 | 0.71 (0.63–0.78) | <0.001 |
0.74 (0.67–0.80)
| <0.001 |
CTA vs. TC |
0.89 (0.84–0.93)
| <0.001 | 0.75 (0.69–0.82) | <0.001 | 0.60 (0.52–0.68) | 0.013 |
CTA vs. IM |
0.58 (0.50–0.66)
| 0.059 | 0.51 (0.69–0.82) | 0.768 | 0.44 (0.36–0.52) | 0.169 |
OA vs. RCT |
0.99 (0.98–0.99)
| <0.001 | 0.84 (0.79–0.90) | <0.001 | 0.93 (0.90–0.97) | <0.001 |
OA vs. TC | 0.73 (0.66–0.80) | <0.001 | 0.51 (0.42–0.59) | 0.908 |
0.76 (0.69–0.82)
| <0.001 |
OA vs. IM |
0.98 (0.97–0.99)
| <0.001 | 0.75 (0.67–0.82) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.70–0.83) | <0.001 |
RCT vs. TC |
0.93 (0.90–0.97)
| <0.001 | 0.91 (0.87–0.94) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.77–0.88) | <0.001 |
RCT vs. IM | 0.55 (0.47–0.63) | 0.224 | 0.74 (0.67–0.82) | <0.001 |
0.78 (0.71–0.84)
| <0.001 |
TC vs. IM |
0.93 (0.89–0.96)
| <0.001 | 0.80 (0.74−0.86) | <0.001 | 0.54 (0.46−0.62) | 0.329 |
ICCintra
| ICCinter
| |
---|---|---|
Cuff tear arthropathy (CTA, n = 20) | 0.913 | 0.943 |
Osteoarthritis (OA, n = 20) | 0.983 | 0.915 |
Rotator cuff tears (RCT, n = 20) | 0.990 | 0.971 |
Impingement (IM, n = 20) | 0.996 | 0.987 |
Tendinitis calcarea (TC, n = 20) | 0.975 | 0.942 |
TOTAL (n = 100) | 0.987 | 0.982 |
Variable | Cuff tear arthropathy (CTA, n = 100) | Osteo- arthritis (OA, n = 100) | Rotator cuff tears (RCT, n = 100) | Impingement (IM, n = 100) | Tendinitis calcarea (TC, n = 100) | Comparison between groups |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (female/male) | 75/25 | 67/33 | 48/52 | 44/56 | 73/27 |
p < 0.001§
|
CTA vs. OA/RCT/IM/TC |
p = 0.275†
|
p < 0.001†
|
p < 0.001†
|
p = 0.872†
| ||
OA vs. RCT/IM/TC |
p = 0.010†
|
p = 0.002†
|
p = 0.441†
| |||
RCT vs. IM/TC |
p = 0.670†
|
p < 0.001†
| ||||
IM vs. TC |
p < 0.001†
| |||||
Shoulder side (right/left) | 70/30 | 40/60 | 62/38 | 55/45 | 49/51 |
p < 0.001§
|
CTA vs. OA/RCT/IM/TC |
p < 0.001†
|
p = 0.296†
|
p = 0.041†
|
p = 0.004†
| ||
OA vs. RCT/IM/TC |
p = 0.003†
|
p = 0.047†
|
p = 0.255†
| |||
RCT vs. IM/TC |
p = 0.389†
|
p = 0.087†
| ||||
IM vs. TC |
p = 0.479†
| |||||
Age (years) | 74.7 ± 7.5 | 69.3 ± 9.7 | 64.6 ± 7.4 | 53.0 ± 10.7 | 47.1 ± 8.4 |
p < 0.001§
|
75 (55–89) | 68 (44–91) | 64 (48–80) | 52.5 (29–79) | 47 (30–66) | ||
CTA vs. OA/RCT/IM/TC |
p < 0.001‡
|
p < 0.001‡
|
p < 0.001‡
|
p < 0.001‡
| ||
OA vs. RCT/IM/TC |
p < 0.001‡
|
p < 0.001‡
|
p < 0.001‡
| |||
RCT vs. IM/TC |
p < 0.001‡
|
p < 0.001‡
| ||||
IM vs. TC |
p < 0.001‡
| |||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.4 ± 4.7 | 29.9 ± 5.1 | 27.9 ± 4.4 | 26.8 ± 4.9 | 25.2 ± 4.1 |
p < 0.001§
|
27.6 (19–43) | 29.7 (20–48) | 27.5 (19–41) | 26.0 (18–42) | 24.8 (18–43) | ||
CTA vs. OA/RCT/IM/TC |
p = 0.035‡
|
p = 0.410‡
|
p = 0.014‡
|
p < 0.001‡
| ||
OA vs. RCT/IM/TC |
p = 0.003‡
|
p < 0.001‡
|
p < 0.001‡
| |||
RCT vs. IM/TC |
p = 0.081‡
|
p < 0.001‡
| ||||
IM vs. TC |
p = 0.018‡
|
OR (95% CI)a
|
P value | ||
---|---|---|---|
Cuff tear arthropathy (CTA) | CSA | 2.62 (2.07 to 3.31) | <0.001 |
age | 1.52 (1.42 to 1.63) | <0.001 | |
Glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA) | CSA | 0.87 (0.75 to 1.01) | 0.060 |
age | 1.26 (1.19 to 1.34) | <0.001 | |
Rotator cuff tear (RCT) | CSA | 2.77 (2.22 to 3.47) | <0.001 |
age | 1.30 (1.23 to 1.38) | <0.001 | |
Impingement (IM) | CSA | 2.38 (1.93 to 2.93) | <0.001 |
age | 1.12 (1.07 to 1.18) | <0.001 |
OBSERVED | PREDICTED | Cuff tear arthropathy (CTA) | Osteoarthritis (OA) | Rotator cuff tears (RCT) | Impingement (IM) | Tendinitis calcarea (TC) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cuff tear arthropathy (CTA) | 71.5% (n = 143) | 7.5% (n = 15) | 18.5% (n = 37) | 2.0% (n = 4) | 0.5% (n = 1) | |
Osteoarthritis (OA) | 7.5% (n = 15) | 82.0% (n = 164) | 0.5% (n = 1) | 2.0% (n = 4) | 8.0% (n = 16) | |
Rotator cuff tears (RCT) | 22.5% (n = 45) | 2.5% (n = 5) | 47.5% (n = 95) | 24.0% (n = 48) | 3.5% (n = 7) | |
Impingement (IM) | 6.0% (n = 12) | 2.0% (n = 4) | 23.0% (n = 46) | 58.0% (n = 116) | 11.0% (n = 22) | |
Tendinitis calcarea (TC) | 0.0% (n = 0) | 7.5% (n = 15) | 0.0% (n = 0) | 13.0% (n = 26) | 79.5% (n = 159) | |
Sensitivity
a
|
71.5%
|
82.0%
|
47.5%
|
58.0%
|
79.5%
| |
Specificity
b
|
72.8%
|
76.1%
|
71.6%
|
71.8%
|
75.4%
|