Background
Methods
Study design and procedure
Measurements
Physical activity
Screen sedentary time
Parenting styles
Demographics
Statistical analysis
Results
Descriptive statistics
Variable | Child gender | Total | Maternal education level | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys (N=2053) | Girls (N=1994) | (N=4047) | Low (N=598) | (N=4015) | High (N=1974) | (N=4015) | |||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean(SD) | |||
Age [years] | 9.6 (1.1) | 9.6 (1.1) | 9.6 (1.1) | 9.7 (1.2) | 9.6 (1.1) | 9.6 (1.1) | 9.6 (1.1) | ||
Child ethnicity [%] | N=2052 (100) | N=1994(100) | N=4046 (100) | N=598 (100) | N=1442 (100) | N=1974 (100) | * | N=4014 (100) | |
Native Dutch | 1643 (80.0) | 1584 (79.4) | 3227 (79.8) | 386 (64.5) | 1216 (84.3) | 1619 (82.0) | 3221 (80.2) | ||
Non-native/Western | 166 (8.1) | 164 (8.2) | 330 (8.2) | 41 (6.9) | 92 (6.4) | 191 (9.7) | 324 (8.1) | ||
Non-native/non-Western | 243 (11.8) | 246 (12.3) | 489 (12.1) | 171 (28.6) | 134 (9.3) | 164 (8.3) | 469 (11.7) | ||
Child PA [%] | N=2034 (100) | N=1975 (100) | * | N=4009 (100) | N=591 (100) | N=1430 (100) | N=1960 (100) | * | N=3981 (100) |
Minimal (<3 h/week) | 39 (1.9) | 55 (2.8) | 94 (2.3) | 30 (5.1) | 27 (1.9) | 33 (1.7) | 90 (2.3) | ||
Moderate (3-7 h/week) | 220 (10.8) | 374 (18.9) | 594 (14.8) | 111 (18.8) | 207 (14.5) | 270 (13.8) | 588 (14.8) | ||
High (≥7 h/week) | 1775 (87.3) | 1546 (78.3) | 3321 (82.8) | 450 (76.1) | 1196 (83.6) | 1657 (84.5) | 3303 (83.0) | ||
Child SST [%] | N=2026 (100) | N=1970 (100) | * | N=3996 (100) | N=590 (100) | N=1424 (100) | N=1954 (100) | * | N=3968 (100) |
Low (<14 h/week) | 1023 (50.5) | 1221 (62.0) | 2244 (56.2) | 278 (47.1) | 742 (52.1) | 1212 (62.0) | 2232 (56.3) | ||
High (≥14 h/week) | 1003 (49.5) | 749 (38.0) | 1752 (43.8) | 312 (52.9) | 682 (47.9) | 742 (38.0) | 1736 (43.8) | ||
Parenting style [%] | N=1874 (100) | N=1815 (100) | N=3689 (100) | N=523 (100) | N=1310 (100) | N=1829 (100) | N=3662 (100) | ||
Authoritative | 575 (30.7) | 557 (30.7) | 1132 (30.7) | 149 (28.5) | 408 (31.1) | 569 (31.1) | 1126 (30.7) | ||
Permissive | 377 (20.1) | 334 (18.4) | 711 (19.3) | 97 (18.5) | 276 (21.1) | 330 (18.0) | 703 (19.2) | ||
Authoritarian | 263 (14.0) | 282 (15.5) | 545 (14.8) | 77 (14.7) | 181 (13.8) | 285 (15.6) | 543 (14.8) | ||
Neglectful | 659 (35.2) | 642 (35.4) | 1301 (35.3) | 200 (38.2) | 445 (34.0) | 645 (35.3) | 1290 (35.2) |
Association between parenting style and physical activity
Parenting stylea
| PA level model 1b
| PA level model 1c
| SST level model 2b
| SST level model 2c
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B2
| Std. Error | B2
| Std. Error | B2
| Std. Error | B2
| Std. Error | |
Authoritative | 0.61 | 12.69 | 1.56 | 12.45 | −52.84* | 15.52 | −48.80* | 15.20 |
Permissive | 17.20 | 14.81 | 7.93 | 14.62 | 13.98 | 18.14 | 5.52 | 17.86 |
Authoritarian | −16.91 | 16.47 | −14.77 | 16.20 | −20.99 | 20.19 | −10.75 | 19.82 |
Neglectful | −2.97 | 12.24 | 1.32 | 12.04 | 51.26* | 14.98 | 47.84* | 14.70 |
Association between parenting style and screen sedentary time
Parenting stylea
| SST level model 3 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genderb
| Maternal educational levelc
| |||||||||
Boys | Girls | Low | Medium | High | ||||||
B2
| Std. Error | B2
| Std. Error | B2
| Std. Error | B2
| Std. Error | B2
| Std. Error | |
Authoritative | −54.26* | 17.86 | −34.51 | 17.99 | −26.61 | 41.09 | −86.12* | 25.31 | −28.08 | 21.43 |
Permissive | 29.01 | 21.86 | 1.84 | 21.87 | −15.39 | 47.77 | −1.44 | 28.82 | 17.26 | 25.89 |
Authoritarian | 5.42 | 23.14 | −3.75 | 22.80 | −1.18 | 52.45 | −17.59 | 34.08 | −8.94 | 27.51 |
Neglectful | 52.76* | 16.68 | 46.06* | 16.59 | 33.33 | 38.17 | 93.28* | 24.82 | 20.30 | 20.76 |