Method
Overview
Project timeline
Stakeholder engagement on the study team
Survey of the stakeholder population
Focus groups
Rapid qualitative assessment
Results
Survey of new orleans food service workers
Sociodemographics
Workplace description
Survey Result | Statistic |
---|---|
Free hand sanitizer, well stocked | 17 (73.9%) |
Encouraged to stay home when sick | 16 (69.6%) |
Free soap, well stocked | 15 (65.2%) |
Free gloves | 13 (56.5%) |
HVAC (heating/air conditioning) system is well-maintained | 10 (43.5%) |
Health insurance | 9 (39.1%) |
Free cloth masks | 9 (39.1%) |
Free surgical masks | 9 (39.1%) |
Free COVID-19 testing | 7 (30.4%) |
Paid sick leave | 5 (21.7%) |
Free high-quality masks, e.g., N95, N99, N100, KN95, KF94 | 5 (21.7%) |
Dental insurance | 4 (17.4%) |
Vision insurance | 3 (13.0%) |
Mental health services/counseling | 2 (8.7%) |
HEPA filters are provided in areas with many people | 1 (4.3%) |
CO2 monitor is used to assess indoor air quality | 1 (4.3%) |
Survey Result | Statistic |
---|---|
Vaccination status, No. (%) | |
None | 1 (4.3%) |
Johnson & Johnson, 2 shots | 1 (4.3%) |
Moderna, 2 shots | 2 (8.7%) |
Pfizer, 2 shots | 5 (21.7%) |
Any combination of 3 shots | 14 (60.9%) |
Received a COVID-19 vaccine dose in the past 6 months, No. (%) | 20 (87.0%) |
All eligible members of household receiving a vaccine, No. (%) | 20 (87.0%) |
Anyone in household too young to receive a vaccine, No. (%) | 4 (17.4%) |
Perceptions of vaccine safety, 0 (unsafe) to 10 (safe), M (SD) | 8.87 (1.84) |
Likely or extremely likely to recommend COVID-19 vaccines to others, No. (%) | 20 (87.0%) |
Before vaccines, concern about getting COVID-19, No. (%) | |
Not at all | 1 (4.3%) |
A little | 0 (0.0%) |
Moderately | 5 (21.7%) |
Very | 17 (73.9%) |
Present concern about getting COVID-19, No. (%) | |
Not at all | 4 (17.4%) |
A little | 12 (52.2%) |
Moderately | 5 (21.7%) |
Very | 2 (8.7%) |
Extent the pandemic has negatively affected one’s mental health, No. (%) | |
Not at all | 0 (0.0%) |
Very little | 2 (8.7%) |
Somewhat | 10 (43.5%) |
To great extent | 11 (47.8%) |
Job satisfaction (α = 0.89), average rating from 1 (low) to 5 (high), M (SD) | 3.66 (0.89) |
Coping | |
COPE Emotional support, 1 (low) to 4 (high), M (SD) | 3.09 (0.65) |
COPE Instrumental support, 1 (low) to 4 (high), M (SD) | 2.87 (0.91) |
Self-medicating, 1 (low) to 4 (high), M (SD) | 2.52 (1.31) |
COVID-19 Stress Scale, 1 (low) to 5 (high), M (SD) | 2.90 (0.76) |
PROMIS Life Satisfaction, 1 (low) to 7 (high), M (SD) | 5.00 (1.41) |
PROMIS Meaning and Purpose, 1 (low) to 5 (high), M (SD) | 3.99 (0.76) |
Neuro-QoL, Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities, 1 (low) to 5 (high), M (SD) | 3.26 (1.16) |
PROMIS, Sleep Disturbance, 1 (low) to 5 (high), M (SD) | 2.87 (0.81) |
PROMIS, Sleep-Related Impairment, 1 (low) to 5 (high), M (SD) | 2.91 (1.15) |
Family financial concerns resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic | |
Work hours cut | 11 (47.8%) |
Pay rate cut | 10 (43.5%) |
Postponed travel | 10 (43.5%) |
Short-term unemployment, 1–6 months | 9 (39.1%) |
Postponed medical or dental care | 9 (39.1%) |
Took an additional job | 7 (30.4%) |
Switched jobs | 7 (30.4%) |
Extra medical bills, >$500 | 7 (30.4%) |
Loss of health insurance | 7 (30.4%) |
Extra expenses for comfort items, e.g., junk food, clothing, kids toys | 7 (30.4%) |
Difficulty making car payments | 6 (26.1%) |
Moving expenses | 6 (26.1%) |
Extra expenses for alcohol | 6 (26.1%) |
Long-term unemployment, > 6 months | 5 (21.7%) |
Late rent or mortgage payment | 5 (21.7%) |
Difficulty paying for utilities | 5 (21.7%) |
Difficulty paying tuition or student loans | 5 (21.7%) |
Difficulty paying for food | 5 (21.7%) |
Lack of stable housing | 3 (13.0%) |
Major health or dental issue from delayed care | 3 (13.0%) |
Difficulty keeping phone service | 3 (13.0%) |
Difficulty paying for clothing | 3 (13.0%) |
Difficulty paying for medications | 3 (13.0%) |
Extra expenses for cigarettes | 3 (13.0%) |
Home eviction | 2 (8.7%) |
Car repossessed | 2 (8.7%) |
Extra travel expenses, >$500 | 2 (8.7%) |
Temporary unemployment, < 1 month | 2 (8.7%) |
Survey Result | Statistic |
---|---|
Estimate, percentage of co-workers dealing with a concern, M (SD) | |
Financial concerns related to the pandemic | 71.3% (32.0%) |
History of COVID-19 | 53.1% (28.6%) |
Mental health concerns | 46.0% (34.8%) |
Long COVID | 8.0% (12.8%) |
Estimate, whether any co-workers experience decision fatigue by area, No. (%) | |
What to do if possibly sick with COVID-19 | 20 (87.0%) |
What to do if a family member is diagnosed with COVID-19 | 19 (82.6%) |
How to interact with customers about showing proof of vaccination | 19 (82.6%) |
When to return to work after COVID-19 | 19 (82.6%) |
What to do if a family member may have COVID-19 | 18 (78.3%) |
What to do if diagnosed with COVID-19 | 17 (73.9%) |
How to interact with customers who dislike vaccines | 17 (73.9%) |
How to interact with customers who dislike masks | 16 (69.6%) |
When a child should return to school after COVID-19 | 15 (65.2%) |
How to find at-home rapid tests | 15 (65.2%) |
Type of mask to wear | 14 (60.9%) |
Whether to get vaccinated against COVID-19 | 14 (60.9%) |
Which COVID-19 vaccine to get | 14 (60.9%) |
Whether to get a booster | 14 (60.9%) |
How to deal with family members who have different COVID-19 precautions | 12 (52.2%) |
What to do if their kid’s school lacks COVID-19 precautions | 12 (52.2%) |
What precautions to take when visiting an older family member | 12 (52.2%) |
Whether to wear a mask | 12 (52.2%) |
Whether to use at-home rapid tests | 8 (34.8%) |
What masks their kids should wear | 7 (30.4%) |
How to monitor indoor air quality | 5 (21.7%) |
How to manage ventilation, windows or HVAC | 4 (17.4%) |
How to manage air filtration with HEPA or other portable air filters | 3 (13.0%) |
Extent discussing mental health is stigmatized in the food services, No. (%) | |
Not at all | 2 (8.7%) |
Very little | 3 (13.0%) |
Somewhat | 11 (47.8%) |
To great extent | 7 (30.4%) |
Ease of access of mental health care during the pandemic, No. (%) | |
Easy | 2 (8.7%) |
Neutral | 3 (13.0%) |
Difficult | 10 (43.5%) |
Very difficult | 8 (34.8%) |
“Most pressing” COVID-19-related mental health concerns, No. (%) | |
Anxiety and worry | 22 (95.7%) |
Depression and sadness | 18 (78.3%) |
Substance use | 16 (69.6%) |
Loneliness | 11 (47.8%) |
Anger | 11 (47.8%) |
Bereavement | 6 (26.1%) |
Suicidal thoughts | 4 (17.4%) |
Violence and abuse | 4 (17.4%) |
“Primary Sources” of anxiety related to the pandemic, No. (%) | |
Uncertainty about when things will return to normal | 19 (82.6%) |
Making ends meet financially | 17 (73.9%) |
Getting COVID-19 | 17 (73.9%) |
Family members getting COVID-19 | 15 (65.2%) |
Loss of income during recommended quarantine if getting COVID-19 | 12 (52.2%) |
Job loss | 11 (47.8%) |
Missing work | 11 (47.8%) |
Having to work regardless of having symptoms | 10 (43.5% |
Businesses shutting down | 9 (39.1%) |
Lack of guidance from institutions | 8 (34.8%) |
Schools closing | 5 (21.7%) |
Finding childcare | 2 (8.7%) |
Level of concern about long-term effects, 1 (not at all) to 4 (very), M (SD) | |
Underemployment or reduced hours | 3.22 (0.80) |
Long-term unemployment | 3.13 (0.87) |
Long-term mental health effects | 3.04 (0.77) |
Business closing or going under | 3.04 (0.88) |
Pay rate cut, e.g., reduced tips, hourly pay, or salary | 3.04 (1.11) |
Loss of insurance | 2.87 (0.97) |
Long COVID | 2.83 (0.83) |
Awareness of someone personally in the food service industry dealing with a symptom or side effect > 3 months after getting COVID-19 that the participant attributed to the virus (i.e., Long COVID symptoms) | |
Fatigue or overtired | 15 (65.2%) |
Anxiety | 13 (56.5%) |
Depression | 12 (52.2%) |
Loss of taste | 11 (47.8%) |
Difficulty sleeping | 11 (47.8%) |
Headache | 9 (39.1%) |
Attention difficulties | 9 (39.1%) |
Loss of smell | 7 (30.4%) |
Cough | 7 (30.4%) |
Joint pain | 6 (26.1%) |
Sick to one’s stomach | 6 (26.1%) |
Pain | 5 (21.7%) |
Difficulty breathing | 5 (21.7%) |
Digestive problems | 4 (17.4%) |
Weakened lung capacity | 4 (17.4%) |
Weight loss | 3 (13.0%) |
Chest pain | 2 (8.7%) |
Sweats | 2 (8.7%) |
Occasional fever | 2 (8.7%) |
Vomiting or throwing up | 1 (4.3%) |
Hair loss | 1 (4.3%) |
Memory loss | 1 (4.3%) |
Health decision-making
Mental health
Long-term impact
Focus groups
Theme | Description | Quote |
---|---|---|
Challenges | ||
Conflict with patrons | Participants described difficulty enforcing city-wide mandates, leading to conflict with patrons that often resulted in name-calling and anger directed at food service workers. | “When the vaccine mandate was enacted, we had to check the vaccination cards, and that was really hard. People fight us, telling us how it’s just theater and stupid.” “It was difficult having to be like a covid police.” “Asking people for their vaccine cards, I’ve been called a Nazi, and a lot of name calling.” “People just needed a place to vent and a person to be angry at, and we [food service workers] were those people.” |
Limited business | Participants described the limited indoor dining options and staffing challenges that took a toll on business. | “In the beginning, it was really hard for us when there had to be a six feet distance between tables. Some parts of our restaurant had barely six feet between two walls. If we could only see every other table, it severely impacts the number of heads that we can serve one night.” “I remember during omicron, some restaurants had to close because all the employees were sick, out, and tested positive.” |
Personal challenges | Participants described their confusion around COVID-19 tests, vaccines, and symptoms which resulted in challenges for decision-making. They often were worried about putting family members at risk. Challenging decisions about precautions often had direct financial implications. | “As a small business owner, if we caught covid, we would have to close for two weeks which means two weeks of no pay.” “Before vaccinations, you had to choose between putting yourself at risk or not making money which was definitely challenging.” “When Omicron first started, some people were testing negative one day and then testing positive the day after. It was really hard to figure out what to do.” “When my older kids went back to school and got sick, we were not sure if they had a cold or covid. So the youngest one had to get tested several times.” “I haven’t seen my own mother in three years now. I just feel like working in a restaurant will always be too much of a risk.” |
Lack of workplace support | Participants expressed frustration about lack of abiding to health policies, not feeling heard by managers or employers, and being dismissed when talking openly with their managers or employers. | “I have a daughter that’s a hostess at a restaurant. When she was having symptoms, her boss asked her not to get tested for covid.” “When I felt crappy, everybody at work just kept me there because they needed me to stay.” “It was just a bunch of not regulated, not stringent boundaries. What happened is we found out about covid at work after the fact, and then the manager would say things like oh well it’s fine. When we said we wanted to go get tested, it was a problem for him as an employer.” |
Successes | ||
City safety & precautions | Participants feel supported and protected by the city-wide implementation of safety and precautions, such as masking, during the pandemic. | “100% supported the city’s mask mandate and vaccine mandates. It did make me feel safer at work, even after we understood that there would be breakthrough cases.” |
Workplace safety & precautions | Participants feel supported and protected by their workplaces’ implementation of safety precautions, such as providing health insurance and requiring vaccination, during the pandemic. | “My current employer requires all employees to be vaccinated, which I appreciate. It makes me feel a little bit better about working there.” “I was very lucky that they [my employer] provided tests for us if we felt symptomatic.” “Restaurant I worked at got us health insurance. It’s really nice to work in an environment where they say to not come in if you feel sick. They’re also working on getting us paid sick days now. But I do think that’s bare minimum human decency.” |
Availability of resources | Participants described that resources such as unemployment benefits or mutual aid, free school lunch, and community-based resources were helpful during the pandemic. | “In the service industry, we eventually did get some unemployment and financial help, which I thought was really good.” “I know mutual aid became a much bigger thing and I became aware of mutual aid organizations after getting laid off during the pandemic.” “I appreciate that my kids are able to go to school and get free lunch. Not having to worry about paying or packing lunch is something good that happened from covid.” “Even though I haven’t utilized it, I know that people are trying to keep community fridges and pantries full during the pandemic, and I hope that people who need them are able to access them.” |
Future Improvements | ||
Maintaining Mandates | Participants would like to continue or reinstate city-wide and workplace mandates and wish to see improvements in mandating safety precautions. | “I would like to see mask mandates if there’s a future pandemic.” “Bringing back the mask and vaccine mandates is always going to be on the table.” |
Financial Support | Participants describe the value of financial support and wish to continue and expand support in the future. | “Financial help is always always welcomed. Just like the stimulus really helped me through it.” “Housing should be part of the financial support too, especially in New Orleans. People are being kicked from their homes because they don’t have the money to pay rent. It’s incredibly difficult to secure your housing [during the pandemic].” |
Dissemination of Information | Participants desire easier access to quality information and resources about the pandemic. | “I would definitely want to see more streamlined and more available local information. I felt like all the information was coming from a lot of places and there wasn’t just one place to go for it.” |
Benefits | Essential workers express a need for benefits, such as health insurance, from their employers; a need exacerbated by the pandemic. | “I hope to figure out a way to get people health insurance.” “For many reasons, there has to be a fundamental change for the restaurant workers. I was thinking about some kind of union and a livable wage.” |
Theme | Description | Quote |
---|---|---|
Challenges | ||
Emotional distress | Participants described their emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, including feelings of guilt, helplessness, and uncertainty. | “One time I didn’t feel well but I had tested negative so I worked a shift because my symptoms were similar to allergies, lots of sneezing and congestion. For me, it came with a lot of guilt, thinking ‘Oh my god, I just potentially exposed 60 people and a lot of them are old.’ I felt really bad because I made a lot of money while putting 60 people at risk.” “During the pandemic, there’s this uncertainty like there’s no control over who gets covid and who doesn’t. There’s also no control over who gets vaccination and who doesn’t or who wears a mask and who doesn’t. Because you have no control over pretty much anything except yourself, it causes a lot of stress.” “Even if I was following all the rules, there were all these people who were not following the rules. So there was very little actually in my control about what was happening to me and my safety. That was probably the biggest drain on my mental health.” |
Stressors | Participants described issues that were most stressful for their families, households, and schools in dealing with the pandemic, including staffing, changes in protocols, and constant trauma. | “For cafeteria workers, it was a huge stressor for everyone to adapt to enormous changes at the last minute. The cafeteria staff and the teachers had to pivot from eating in the cafeteria to eating in the classroom when covid protocols came into place. That was a whole new skill set that cafeteria staff had to learn immediately. And there was a short period of flip flopping back and forth.” “So many people have left the industry during covid, so there are a lot of people now who are being given tasks and roles that maybe they’re not necessarily prepared for. So I think that causes a lot of acute stress at the moment just trying to push the food out.” “The whole lockdown and pandemic caused trauma because we lost our loved ones and good friends. Then the hurricane hit which was like trauma on top of trauma. So there has been a lot of trauma that hasn’t been addressed or taken care of when people have to go to work just to keep on going in their days as if nothing has happened.” “There’s a lot of uncertainty among people because you don’t know what you’re going to walk with every night. You could make 60 bucks or you could make 300 bucks. It’s really hard to count on that, so I think financial stress has been a huge source of anxiety for people.” |
Mental health difficulties | Most participants strongly agree that substance abuse and addiction are prevalent among food service workers. Anxiety and depression are also described as common mental health issues in the industry. | “The elephant in the room with the service industry is addiction, and that’s the number one biggest mental health issue in the industry. I’m sure we all know people that we’ve worked with who died of a drug overdose. I’m not sure how much of it is self-medication because we don’t have access to mental healthcare but it’s definitely a huge huge problem.” “I had one patient that his anxiety significantly improved after the vaccine mandates were dropped because that was one of his biggest anxiety producing things, having to do that at the door and having people fight him.” “For addiction, people use alcohol to numb after a long day a lot of times. You kind of forget about how your body hurts, aches, and pains in the drink and think you can do it again.” |
Successes | ||
Financial support | Participants agreed that being financially supported helped to mitigate their stress and support their mental health. | “The fact that the pay rate has increased decently is something that has been better.” “I worked for a restaurant, and after hurricane Ida, they paid us $250 a day which helped a lot. It was a huge support because I was able to pay my bills and everything.” “I think the mutual aid that cropped up and is still happening in places was really huge and very affirming.” |
Social support | Participants highlighted that the pandemic resulted in more communication, flexibility, and empathy from people. | “I would agree that the pandemic definitely helped some people because some restaurants realized that they need to take better care of their staff.” “People in general have been more understanding of you. And there has been some flexibility like mental health days.” “Communication has been a little better just on a day to day basis with people.” |
Future Needs | ||
Mental healthcare | Participants express a need for access to mental health services. Participants also agree that support groups or workshops would mitigate stress and mental health issues exacerbated by the pandemic. | “If I could do it, I would love to provide healthcare that is provided through restaurants. ECM access to mental health professionals right now is extremely difficult.” “I think people would be interested in a program mixture of traditional therapy and urgent care where people could regularly meet but also pop in when they’re dealing with crises. Since telehealth is huge now, it could be helpful too.” “For people who may experience substance abuse due to stress, I was thinking that support groups could be helpful.” “It would help if the restaurants would not put a black mark on somebody who needed help in that area [substance abuse] and allow them the dignity to come back to work. I think it’s important that a person can work on something they need without being ostracized and not get their job.” |
Long Term Impact of COVID-19 | ||
---|---|---|
Theme | Description | Quote |
Health Impact | ||
Long COVID symptoms | Participants described the Long COVID symptoms that workers in the food service industry experienced and how those impacted their lives. Most commonly discussed symptoms include breathing problems, loss of taste and smell, and weakened immune system. | “I know people who have breathing problems after getting covid that they didn’t have before. And one person actually got asthma.” “I have a friend, a server who said that she can’t taste wine anymore. She lost the flavor profile so she can taste that something is alcohol but not the kind of taste. She said she can’t pick up any nuances anymore. The idea of not being able to taste wine is deeply troubling to me. I can see that really affecting someone’s career and finances.” “I have had covid twice and since then I feel like covid weakened my immune system. I am more susceptible to being sick now.” |
Reinfections | Participants notice and express concern for contracting COVID-19 more than once. | “I’ve noticed that people are getting reinfected multiple times. I worked with a young lady who got covid for the fourth time and was still coming to work.” |
Role of employer support | Participants have positive experiences when supported by their employers (i.e., tip pooling, health insurance, sick days), but also describe there can be a “lack of safety net” for their health without this support. | “We decided to tip pool. We take all of our tips and put them all together, and we all get paid the same wage and have five sick days a year. The way that works for us is that if we need a sick day, we’re a part of the tip pull for that day. Then we will get paid whatever everyone else does for that day.” “I started working somewhere that had been offering the employees health insurance since the pandemic.” “We still lack health care insurance and sick days. All these mean that we don’t have some sort of safety net.” |
Financial/Career Impact | ||
Repercussions of larger economic stress | Participants noticed the negative economic impacts, such as inflation and shortages of food, creating negative financial stress for those in the food service industry. | “The restaurant I worked at during the worst of covid was located in the convention center. But there was no convention. I think for people who work in certain sectors of downtown, you’re pretty reliant on the tourism industry, and it was just gone.” “The inflation and shortages of food are horrible. Now it’s like how do you make a profit?” “Working at places where other service industry people hang out, we’ve seen the effects of all of us not making any money. Service workers don’t spend at those places anymore and they were the best tippers to other service industry people. So we’ve lost a big chunk of our income from us.” |
Changing career plans | Participants described changes in their career plans due to financial necessity such as returning to school for further education or finding a new position. | “The pandemic accelerated me to wanting to get out of the service industry. If it wasn’t for the pandemic, I would be comfortable making that money and doing things that I wanted to do for awhile, but when covid happened, I thought I should go to school and figure something out. This is not stable.” “I just started a new job myself, and almost every single person that I’ve spoken to in the last couple of weeks were in the process of their next career jump.” |
Extra income sources | Participants described ways to diversify their income sources during the pandemic including finding a side job or taking more shifts. | “I think one of the things that people have realized in the service industry is to branch out and diversify the income streams.” “I’ve been working more, picking up more shifts.” |
Changes in employer financial strategy | Participants described feeling supported by many of the financial strategies implemented by their institutions during the pandemic (i.e., tip pooling, connecting on social media). | “At my restaurant, they instituted an auto-gratuity during the pandemic. I know that there’s a lot of pros and cons but it actually makes me a better server because I’m not worried about whether I’m going to make my money.” “It seems like pooled houses work really well in terms of teamwork because all staff work together for the same amount of money.” “Pooling tips gets rid of the power dynamic between the kitchen workers and people at front of the house as well as a customer.” “I saw a restaurant on Facebook that made a post asking people to please come eat with them because they were not doing well. As a restaurant owner, I know it’s a lot of pride to put that on Facebook.” |
Rapid qualitative assessment
Scenario | Theme | Examples |
---|---|---|
Food Service Workers | ||
Challenges if you or someone in your home were to test positive for COVID-19 | Financial | “Navigate the financial ramifications of missing work as a service industry professional if infected” |
Household safety | “Keeping my family from becoming sick” “Not having enough non-shared rooms to properly distance at home” | |
Work impact | “Employers don’t really care anymore about who’s been exposed or about making people work while they’re sick.” | |
Exposure | “Ensuring that I don’t become infected and transmit the illness to others at work.” | |
Mental health | “Dealing with anxiety to keep my child safe from catching COVID” | |
Tips and challenges about COVID-19 mitigation strategies | Guidelines | Challenges: “Hard to keep up with constantly changing guidelines from the CDC, state, city” |
Precautions | Tips: “Maintaining social distancing and reintegrating with mask use seems really beneficial even if someone tests positive.” | |
Resources | Challenges: “Running out of covid tests at the testing sites was a constant pain.” Tips: “It would be great if air purifiers were used in public spaces” | |
Household safety | Challenges: “It is hard to stay distant from your child who has covid. You want to protect yourself but you also don’t want your loved one to feel alone.” | |
Mental health | Challenges: “The constant arguments with guests in order to get them to comply with policy was a constant stress adding factor.” | |
Tips and challenges about COVID-19 precaution and decision-making | Work issues | Challenges: “Last year my coworkers thanked me when I still masked after being exposed or when I was feeling sick. Now I’ve had coworkers mock me for doing so.” Challenges: “People at work catch COVID but precautions are not taken seriously to avoid spread.” |
Social interaction | Challenges: “It always throws me for a loop when I’m casually discussing what I consider to be basic human decency and someone responds with annoyance. It’s baffling and discouraging.” | |
Precautions | Challenges: “Not knowing the views of other people regarding COVID and the precautions that they are taking. It’s intimidating.” Challenges: “I feel as though people have truly become laxed in how they respond to covid in the workplace and may not take the precautions we did two years ago.” | |
COVID-19 Mitigation Professionals | ||
In-home mitigation | Masks | Wear N95 respirators (masks) or P100/N100 elastomerics if finances permit. |
Filtration | Use HEPA filters or do-it-yourself (DIY) air cleaners called Corsi-Rosenthal boxes or SAFE air purifiers. | |
Ventilation | Open windows. Use fans to blow clean air in. Use fans to blow infected air out of isolation rooms. | |
Isolation | Create an isolation room at home. Family members testing negative stay outside as much as possible. The person who is ill should eat outside if possible. | |
Testing and Treatment | Testing | Get PCR testing if possible. Use at-home rapid-antigen tests too, or at-home loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) tests if finances permit. |
Treatment | Seek Paxlovid, monoclonal antibody treatment, or other early treatments, as guidelines recommend. | |
Community Involvement | Work issues | Take paid sick leave or paid time off, to the extent allowed. Look for possible remote work options to make up for financial gaps. |
Social support | Reach out to family and friends to watch children while parents work, if needed. Reach out to local community resources for help. |