Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports 1/2015

01.01.2015 | Cardiac Nuclear Imaging (A Cuocolo, Section Editor)

Current and Future Status of PET Myocardial Perfusion Tracers

verfasst von: Christoph Rischpler, Takahiro Higuchi, Stephan G. Nekolla

Erschienen in: Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports | Ausgabe 1/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Over the last 2 decades, positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion imaging has been proven to be highly valuable for the detection and grading of coronary artery disease. Furthermore, its diagnostic accuracy seems to outperform on single photon emission computed tomographic myocardial perfusion imaging not least because of the potential of absolute quantification of myocardial blood flow. In a clinical setting, however, the use of PET is still limited. One major hampering factor is the lack of an ideal PET perfusion tracer for daily clinical routine. This article aims to review the currently available PET myocardial perfusion tracers as well as the question if those tracers that are being developed and about to be translated into clinics have the potential to overcome this issue.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Velagaleti RS, Pencina MJ, Murabito JM, Wang TJ, Parikh NI, D'Agostino RB, et al. Long-term trends in the incidence of heart failure after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008;118:2057–62. Velagaleti RS, Pencina MJ, Murabito JM, Wang TJ, Parikh NI, D'Agostino RB, et al. Long-term trends in the incidence of heart failure after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008;118:2057–62.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Adams RJ, Berry JD, Brown TM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics–2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123:e18–e209. Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Adams RJ, Berry JD, Brown TM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics–2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123:e18–e209.
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Kannel WB, Schatzkin A. Sudden death: lessons from subsets in population studies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;5(6 Suppl):141B–9B. Kannel WB, Schatzkin A. Sudden death: lessons from subsets in population studies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;5(6 Suppl):141B–9B.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Diamond GA, Forrester JS. Analysis of probability as an aid in the clinical diagnosis of coronary-artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1979;300:1350–8. Diamond GA, Forrester JS. Analysis of probability as an aid in the clinical diagnosis of coronary-artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1979;300:1350–8.
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998;97:1837–47. Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998;97:1837–47.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Pryor DB, Harrell Jr FE, Lee KL, Califf RM, Rosati RA. Estimating the likelihood of significant coronary artery disease. Am J Med. 1983;75:771–80. Pryor DB, Harrell Jr FE, Lee KL, Califf RM, Rosati RA. Estimating the likelihood of significant coronary artery disease. Am J Med. 1983;75:771–80.
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Kannel WB, D'Agostino RB, Sullivan L, Wilson PW. Concept and usefulness of cardiovascular risk profiles. Am Heart J. 2004;148:16–26. Kannel WB, D'Agostino RB, Sullivan L, Wilson PW. Concept and usefulness of cardiovascular risk profiles. Am Heart J. 2004;148:16–26.
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Task Force M, Montalescot G, Sechtem U, Achenbach S, Andreotti F, Arden C, et al. 2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease: the Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:2949–3003. Task Force M, Montalescot G, Sechtem U, Achenbach S, Andreotti F, Arden C, et al. 2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease: the Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:2949–3003.
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, Berra K, Blankenship JC, Dallas AP, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:e44–e164. Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, Berra K, Blankenship JC, Dallas AP, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:e44–e164.
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Tonino PA, De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Siebert U, Ikeno F, van't Veer M, et al. Fractional flow reserve vs angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:213–24. Tonino PA, De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Siebert U, Ikeno F, van't Veer M, et al. Fractional flow reserve vs angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:213–24.
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Klocke FJ, Baird MG, Lorell BH, Bateman TM, Messer JV, Berman DS, et al. ACC/AHA/ASNC guidelines for the clinical use of cardiac radionuclide imaging. Executive summary—a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASNC Committee to revise the 1995 guidelines for the clinical use of cardiac radionuclide imaging). Circulation. 2003;108:1404–18. Klocke FJ, Baird MG, Lorell BH, Bateman TM, Messer JV, Berman DS, et al. ACC/AHA/ASNC guidelines for the clinical use of cardiac radionuclide imaging. Executive summary—a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASNC Committee to revise the 1995 guidelines for the clinical use of cardiac radionuclide imaging). Circulation. 2003;108:1404–18.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Nandalur KR, Dwamena BA, Choudhri AF, Nandalur SR, Reddy P, Carlos RC. Diagnostic performance of positron emission tomography in the detection of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Acad Radiol. 2008;15:444–51. Nandalur KR, Dwamena BA, Choudhri AF, Nandalur SR, Reddy P, Carlos RC. Diagnostic performance of positron emission tomography in the detection of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Acad Radiol. 2008;15:444–51.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Russell III RR, Zaret BL. Nuclear cardiology: present and future. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2006;31:557–629. Russell III RR, Zaret BL. Nuclear cardiology: present and future. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2006;31:557–629.
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Bateman TM, Heller GV, McGhie AI, Friedman JD,case JA, Bryngelson JR, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of rest/stress ECG-gated Rb-82 myocardial perfusion PET: comparison with ECG-gated Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol. 2006;13:24–33. Bateman TM, Heller GV, McGhie AI, Friedman JD,case JA, Bryngelson JR, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of rest/stress ECG-gated Rb-82 myocardial perfusion PET: comparison with ECG-gated Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol. 2006;13:24–33.
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Flotats A, Bravo PE, Fukushima K, Chaudhry MA, Merrill J, Bengel FM. 82Rb PET myocardial perfusion imaging is superior to (9)(9)mTc-labelled agent SPECT in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;39:1233–9. Flotats A, Bravo PE, Fukushima K, Chaudhry MA, Merrill J, Bengel FM. 82Rb PET myocardial perfusion imaging is superior to (9)(9)mTc-labelled agent SPECT in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;39:1233–9.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaemperli O, Bengel FM, Kaufmann PA. Cardiac hybrid imaging. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:2100–8. Gaemperli O, Bengel FM, Kaufmann PA. Cardiac hybrid imaging. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:2100–8.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Muzik O, Beanlands RS, Hutchins GD, Mangner TJ, Nguyen N, Schwaiger M. Validation of nitrogen-13-ammonia tracer kinetic model for quantification of myocardial blood flow using PET. J Nucl Med. 1993;34:83–91. Muzik O, Beanlands RS, Hutchins GD, Mangner TJ, Nguyen N, Schwaiger M. Validation of nitrogen-13-ammonia tracer kinetic model for quantification of myocardial blood flow using PET. J Nucl Med. 1993;34:83–91.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Sanchez-Crespo A, Andreo P, Larsson SA. Positron flight in human tissues and its influence on PET image spatial resolution. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004;31:44–51. Sanchez-Crespo A, Andreo P, Larsson SA. Positron flight in human tissues and its influence on PET image spatial resolution. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004;31:44–51.
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Rust TC, DiBella EV, McGann CJ, Christian PE, Hoffman JM, Kadrmas DJ. Rapid dual-injection single-scan 13N-ammonia PET for quantification of rest and stress myocardial blood flows. Phys Med Biol. 2006;51:5347–62. Rust TC, DiBella EV, McGann CJ, Christian PE, Hoffman JM, Kadrmas DJ. Rapid dual-injection single-scan 13N-ammonia PET for quantification of rest and stress myocardial blood flows. Phys Med Biol. 2006;51:5347–62.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Degli Esposti M. Inhibitors of NADH-ubiquinone reductase: an overview. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998;1364:222–35. Degli Esposti M. Inhibitors of NADH-ubiquinone reductase: an overview. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998;1364:222–35.
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Yalamanchili P, Wexler E, Hayes M, Yu M, Bozek J, Kagan M, et al. Mechanism of uptake and retention of F-18 BMS-747158-02 in cardiomyocytes: a novel PET myocardial imaging agent. J Nucl Cardiol. 2007;14:782–8.PubMedCrossRef Yalamanchili P, Wexler E, Hayes M, Yu M, Bozek J, Kagan M, et al. Mechanism of uptake and retention of F-18 BMS-747158-02 in cardiomyocytes: a novel PET myocardial imaging agent. J Nucl Cardiol. 2007;14:782–8.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Yu M, Guaraldi MT, Mistry M, Kagan M, McDonald JL, Drew K, et al. BMS-747158-02: a novel PET myocardial perfusion imaging agent. J Nucl Cardiol. 2007;14:789–98. Yu M, Guaraldi MT, Mistry M, Kagan M, McDonald JL, Drew K, et al. BMS-747158-02: a novel PET myocardial perfusion imaging agent. J Nucl Cardiol. 2007;14:789–98.
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Huisman MC, Higuchi T, Reder S, Nekolla SG, Poethko T, Wester HJ, et al. Initial characterization of an 18F-labeled myocardial perfusion tracer. J Nucl Med. 2008;49:630–6. Huisman MC, Higuchi T, Reder S, Nekolla SG, Poethko T, Wester HJ, et al. Initial characterization of an 18F-labeled myocardial perfusion tracer. J Nucl Med. 2008;49:630–6.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Higuchi T, Nekolla SG, Huisman MM, Reder S, Poethko T, Yu M, et al. A new 18F-labeled myocardial PET tracer: myocardial uptake after permanent and transient coronary occlusion in rats. J Nucl Med. 2008;49:1715–22. Higuchi T, Nekolla SG, Huisman MM, Reder S, Poethko T, Yu M, et al. A new 18F-labeled myocardial PET tracer: myocardial uptake after permanent and transient coronary occlusion in rats. J Nucl Med. 2008;49:1715–22.
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Sherif HM, Saraste A, Weidl E, Weber AW, Higuchi T, Reder S, et al. Evaluation of a novel (18)F-labeled positron-emission tomography perfusion tracer for the assessment of myocardial infarct size in rats. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;2:77–84. Sherif HM, Saraste A, Weidl E, Weber AW, Higuchi T, Reder S, et al. Evaluation of a novel (18)F-labeled positron-emission tomography perfusion tracer for the assessment of myocardial infarct size in rats. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;2:77–84.
26.•
Zurück zum Zitat Sherif HM, Nekolla SG, Saraste A, Reder S, Yu M, Robinson S, et al. Simplified quantification of myocardial flow reserve with flurpiridaz F 18: validation with microspheres in a pig model. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:617–24. First study investigating 18F-flurpiridaz in large animals. Furthermore, a simplified method for flow quantification (using SUVs) was evaluated. Sherif HM, Nekolla SG, Saraste A, Reder S, Yu M, Robinson S, et al. Simplified quantification of myocardial flow reserve with flurpiridaz F 18: validation with microspheres in a pig model. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:617–24. First study investigating 18F-flurpiridaz in large animals. Furthermore, a simplified method for flow quantification (using SUVs) was evaluated.
27.••
Zurück zum Zitat Berman DS, Maddahi J, Tamarappoo BK, Czernin J, Taillerfer R, Udelson JE, et al. Phase II safety and clinical comparison with single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging for detection of coronary artery disease: flurpiridaz F 18 positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:469–77. Clinical phase-2 study evaluating the novel PET MPI tracer 18F-flurpiridaz. 18F-flurpiridaz PET MPI was safe and superior in comparison to SPECT MPI regarding image quality, interpretative certainty, and overall CAD diagnosis. Berman DS, Maddahi J, Tamarappoo BK, Czernin J, Taillerfer R, Udelson JE, et al. Phase II safety and clinical comparison with single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging for detection of coronary artery disease: flurpiridaz F 18 positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:469–77. Clinical phase-2 study evaluating the novel PET MPI tracer 18F-flurpiridaz. 18F-flurpiridaz PET MPI was safe and superior in comparison to SPECT MPI regarding image quality, interpretative certainty, and overall CAD diagnosis.
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Madar I, Ravert HT, Du Y, Hilton J, Volokh L, Dannals RF, et al. Characterization of uptake of the new PET imaging compound 18F-fluorobenzyl triphenylphosphonium in dog myocardium. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:1359–66.PubMed Madar I, Ravert HT, Du Y, Hilton J, Volokh L, Dannals RF, et al. Characterization of uptake of the new PET imaging compound 18F-fluorobenzyl triphenylphosphonium in dog myocardium. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:1359–66.PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Madar I, Ravert H, Dipaula A, Du Y, Dannals RF, Becker L. Assessment of severity of coronary artery stenosis in a canine model using the PET agent 18F-fluorobenzyl triphenyl phosphonium: comparison with 99mTc–tetrofosmin. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:1021–30.PubMedCrossRef Madar I, Ravert H, Dipaula A, Du Y, Dannals RF, Becker L. Assessment of severity of coronary artery stenosis in a canine model using the PET agent 18F-fluorobenzyl triphenyl phosphonium: comparison with 99mTc–tetrofosmin. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:1021–30.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Higuchi T, Fukushima K, Rischpler C, Isoda T, Javadi MS, Ravert H, et al. Stable delineation of the ischemic area by the PET perfusion tracer 18F-fluorobenzyl triphenyl phosphonium after transient coronary occlusion. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:965–9. Higuchi T, Fukushima K, Rischpler C, Isoda T, Javadi MS, Ravert H, et al. Stable delineation of the ischemic area by the PET perfusion tracer 18F-fluorobenzyl triphenyl phosphonium after transient coronary occlusion. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:965–9.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Ilovich O, Billauer H, Dotan S, Freedman NM, Bocher M, Mishani E. Novel and simple carbon-11-labeled ammonium salts as PET agents for myocardial perfusion imaging. Mol Imaging Biol. 2011;13:128–39.PubMedCrossRef Ilovich O, Billauer H, Dotan S, Freedman NM, Bocher M, Mishani E. Novel and simple carbon-11-labeled ammonium salts as PET agents for myocardial perfusion imaging. Mol Imaging Biol. 2011;13:128–39.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Ilovich O, Abourbeh G, Bocher M, Freedman N, Billauer H, Dotan S, et al. Structure—activity relationship and preclinical evaluation of carbon-11-labeled ammonium salts as PET—myocardial perfusion imaging agents. Mol Imaging Biol. 2012;14:625–36.PubMedCrossRef Ilovich O, Abourbeh G, Bocher M, Freedman N, Billauer H, Dotan S, et al. Structure—activity relationship and preclinical evaluation of carbon-11-labeled ammonium salts as PET—myocardial perfusion imaging agents. Mol Imaging Biol. 2012;14:625–36.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacobson O, Abourbeh G, Tsvirkun D, Mishani E. Rat imaging and in vivo stability studies using [11C]-dimethyl-diphenyl ammonium, a candidate agent for PET-myocardial perfusion imaging. Nucl Med Biol. 2013;40:967–73.PubMedCrossRef Jacobson O, Abourbeh G, Tsvirkun D, Mishani E. Rat imaging and in vivo stability studies using [11C]-dimethyl-diphenyl ammonium, a candidate agent for PET-myocardial perfusion imaging. Nucl Med Biol. 2013;40:967–73.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Current and Future Status of PET Myocardial Perfusion Tracers
verfasst von
Christoph Rischpler
Takahiro Higuchi
Stephan G. Nekolla
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports / Ausgabe 1/2015
Print ISSN: 1941-9066
Elektronische ISSN: 1941-9074
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12410-014-9303-z

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2015

Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports 1/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Cardiac Nuclear Imaging (A Cuocolo, Section Editor)

PET/CT Imaging in Cardiac Sarcoidosis

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.