nach oben

Die Anaesthesiologie

Erschienen in:

01.09.2012 | Allgemeinanästhesie

Aneurysmatisch bedingte Subarachnoidalblutung

verfasst von: Dr. P. Kellner, D. Stoevesandt, J. Soukup, M. Bucher, C. Raspé

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 9/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die akute Subarachnoidalblutung (SAB) ist eine schwerwiegende und akut vital bedrohliche zerebrovaskuläre Erkrankung. Etwa 80% aller nichttraumatisch bedingten SAB resultieren aus der Ruptur eines Aneurysmas der Hirnarterien. Trotz Fortschritten in Diagnostik und Therapie bestehen weiterhin eine hohe Morbidität und Mortalität. Hierfür sind, abgesehen von der primären zerebralen Schädigung, auch sekundäre Komplikationen, wie Vasospasmus, Rezidivblutung, Hirnödem oder Hydrozephalus, verantwortlich. Für die adäquate Therapie ist das Verständnis der komplexen Pathophysiologie, der Diagnostik- und Therapieoptionen sowie Komplikationen der Erkrankung essenziell. Der Anästhesist ist in der Phase der primären und der sekundären Schädigung entscheidend an der Therapie und konsekutiv am Outcome des Patienten beteiligt. Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über das perioperative und intensivmedizinische Management von Patienten mit SAB.

Amin-Hanjani S, Ogilvy CS, Barker FG II (2004) Does intracisternal thrombolysis prevent vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage? A meta-analysis. Neurosurgery 54:326–334PubMedCrossRef

Andrews PJ, Citerio G, Longhi L et al (2008) NICEM consensus on neurological monitoring in acute neurological disease. Intensive Care Med 34:1362–1370PubMedCrossRef

Audibert G, Steinmann G, Talance N de (2009) Endocrine response after severe subarachnoid hemorrhage related to sodium and blood volume regulation. Anesth Analg 108:1922–1928PubMedCrossRef

Badjatia N, Fernandez L, Schmidt JM et al (2009) Impact of induced normothermia on outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a case-control study. Neurosurgery 66:696–700CrossRef

Barth M, Capelle HH, Weidauer S et al (2007) Effect of nicardipine prolonged-release implants on cerebral vasospasm and clinical outcome after severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective, randomized, double-blind phase IIa study. Stroke 38:330–336PubMedCrossRef

Bederson JB, Connolly ES Jr, Batjer HH et al (2009) Guidelines for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke 40:994–1025PubMedCrossRef

Bendok BR, Getch CC, Malisch TW, Batjer HH (1998) Treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Semin Neurol 18:521–531PubMedCrossRef

Berman MF, Solomon RA, Mayer SA et al (2003) Impact of hospital-related factors on outcome after treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Stroke 34:2200–2207PubMedCrossRef

Bilotta F, Spinelli A, Giovannini F et al (2007) The effect of intensive insulin therapy on infection rate, vasospasm, neurologic outcome, and mortality in neurointensive care unit after intracranial aneurysm clipping in patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized prospective pilot trial. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 19:156–160PubMedCrossRef

10.

Bor-Seng-Shu E, Figueiredo EG, Amorim RL et al (2012) Decompressive craniectomy: a meta-analysis of influences on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg. DOI: 10.3171/2012.6.JNS101400

11.

Bösel J (2009) Neue US-Leitlinien zur Behandlung der aneurysmalen Subarachnoidalblutung. Intensivmed Notfallmed 46:496–502CrossRef

12.

Bratton SL, Chestnut RM, Ghajar J et al (2007) Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. V. Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis. J Neurotrauma 24(Suppl 1):32–36

13.

Broessner G, Beer R, Lackner P et al (2009) Prophylactic, endovascularly based, long-term normothermia in ICU patients with severe cerebrovascular disease: bicenter prospective, randomized trial. Stroke 40:e657–e665PubMedCrossRef

14.

Brunkhorst FM, Engel C, Bloos F et al (2008) Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 358:125–139PubMedCrossRef

15.

Bullivant EM, Wilcox CS, Welch WJ (1989) Intrarenal vasoconstriction during hyperchloremia: role of thromboxane. Am J Physiol 256:F152–157PubMed

16.

Buschmann U, Yonekawa Y, Fortunati M et al (2007) Decompressive hemicraniectomy in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and intractable intracranial hypertension. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 149:59–65

17.

Carrera E, Schmidt JM, Oddo M et al (2009) Transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the acute phase of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebrovasc Dis 27:579–584PubMedCrossRef

18.

Claassen J, Peery S, Kreiter KT et al (2003) Predictors and clinical impact of epilepsy after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 60:208–214PubMedCrossRef

19.

Cooper DJ, Rosenfeld JV, Murray L et al (2011) Decompressive craniectomy in diffuse traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med 364:1493–1502PubMedCrossRef

20.

Coppadoro A, Citerio G (2011) Subarachnoid hemorrhage: an update for the intensivist. Minerva Anestesiol 77:74–84PubMed

21.

Cross DT III, Tirschwell DL, Clark MA et al (2003) Mortality rates after subarachnoid hemorrhage: variations according to hospital case volume in 18 states. J Neurosurg 99:810–817PubMedCrossRef

22.

Dey M, Jaffe J, Stadnik A, Awad IA (2012) External ventricular drainage for intraventricular hemorrhage. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 12:24–33PubMedCrossRef

23.

Diener HC, Putzki N (2008) Leitlinien für Diagnostik und Therapie in der Neurologie. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 654 ff

24.

Diringer MN (2009) Management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care Med 37:432–440PubMedCrossRef

25.

Dorai Z, Hynan LS, Kopitnik TA, Samson D (2003) Factors related to hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 52:763–769PubMedCrossRef

26.

Dorhout Mees SM, Bergh WM van den, Algra A, Rinkel GJ (2007) Antiplatelet therapy for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD006184

27.

Dunn IF, Ellegala DB, Kim DH, Litvack ZN (2006) Neuromonitoring in neurological critical care. Neurocrit Care 4:83–92PubMedCrossRef

28.

Eddleman CS, Hurley MC, Naidech AM et al (2009) Endovascular options in the treatment of delayed ischemic neurological deficits due to cerebral vasospasm. Neurosurg Focus 26:E6PubMedCrossRef

29.

Ellamushi HE, Grieve JP, Jager HR, Kitchen ND (2001) Risk factors for the formation of multiple intracranial aneurysms. J Neurosurg 94:728–732PubMedCrossRef

30.

Elrifai AM, Bailes JE, Shih SR et al (1996) Characterization of the cardiac effects of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage in dogs. Stroke 27:737–741PubMedCrossRef

31.

Feigin VL, Anderson N, Rinkel GJ et al (2005) Corticosteroids for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage and primary intracerebral haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD004583

32.

Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM et al (2005) Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies. Stroke 36:2773–2780PubMedCrossRef

33.

Ferro JM, Canhao P, Peralta R (2008) Update on subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Neurol 255:465–479PubMedCrossRef

34.

Fisher CM, Kistler JP, Davis JM (1980) Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning. Neurosurgery 6:1–9PubMedCrossRef

35.

Fontanarosa PB (1989) Recognition of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Ann Emerg Med 18:1199–1205PubMedCrossRef

36.

Frontera JA, Claassen J, Schmidt JM et al (2006) Prediction of symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the modified Fisher scale. Neurosurgery 59:21–27PubMedCrossRef

37.

Frontera JA, Parra A, Shimbo D et al (2008) Cardiac arrhythmias after subarachnoid hemorrhage: risk factors and impact on outcome. Cerebrovasc Dis 26:71–78PubMedCrossRef

38.

Gautschi OP, Seule M, Cadosch D et al (2009) Cerebral microdialysis. Options and limits. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 44:268–274PubMedCrossRef

39.

Goldhaber SZ, Dunn K, Gerhard-Herman M et al (2002) Low rate of venous thromboembolism after craniotomy for brain tumor using multimodality prophylaxis. Chest 122:1933–1937PubMedCrossRef

40.

Grosset DG, Straiton J, du Trevou M, Bullock R (1992) Prediction of symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage by rapidly increasing transcranial Doppler velocity and cerebral blood flow changes. Stroke 23:674–679PubMedCrossRef

41.

UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme for Immunochemistry Working Group (2003) National guidelines for analysis of cerebrospinal fluid for bilirubin in suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage. Ann Clin Biochem 40:481–488CrossRef

42.

Haley EC Jr, Kassell NF, Torner JC (1993) A randomized controlled trial of high-dose intravenous nicardipine in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. J Neurosurg 78:537–547PubMedCrossRef

43.

Hanggi D (2011) Monitoring and detection of vasospasm II: EEG and invasive monitoring. Neurocrit Care 15:318–323PubMedCrossRef

44.

Harrod CG, Bendok BR, Batjer HH (2005) Prediction of cerebral vasospasm in patients presenting with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a review. Neurosurgery 56:633–654PubMedCrossRef

45.

Hasan D, Vermeulen M, Wijdicks EF et al (1989) Management problems in acute hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 20:747–753PubMedCrossRef

46.

Helbok R, Schmidt JM, Kurtz P et al (2010) Systemic glucose and brain energy metabolism after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 12:317–323PubMedCrossRef

47.

Hellingman CA, Bergh WM van den, Beijer IS et al (2007) Risk of rebleeding after treatment of acute hydrocephalus in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 38:96–99PubMedCrossRef

48.

Heuer GG, Smith MJ, Elliott JP et al (2004) Relationship between intracranial pressure and other clinical variables in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 101:408–416PubMedCrossRef

49.

Hindman BJ, Bayman EO, Pfisterer WK et al (2010) No association between intraoperative hypothermia or supplemental protective drug and neurologic outcomes in patients undergoing temporary clipping during cerebral aneurysm surgery: findings from the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial. Anesthesiology 112:86–101PubMedCrossRef

50.

Hoedemaekers CW, Ezzahti M, Gerritsen A, Hoeven JG van der (2007) Comparison of cooling methods to induce and maintain normo- and hypothermia in intensive care unit patients: a prospective intervention study. Crit Care 11:R91PubMedCrossRef

51.

Hoff RG, Rinkel GJ, Verweij BH et al (2010) Pulmonary edema and blood volume after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective observational study. Crit Care 14:R43PubMedCrossRef

52.

Hop JW, Rinkel GJ, Algra A, Gijn J van (2001) Changes in functional outcome and quality of life in patients and caregivers after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 95:957–963PubMedCrossRef

53.

Hope JK, Wilson JL, Thomson FJ (1996) Three-dimensional CT angiography in the detection and characterization of intracranial berry aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 17:439–445PubMed

54.

Hunt WE, Hess RM (1968) Surgical risk as related to time of intervention in the repair of intracranial aneurysms. J Neurosurg 28:14–20PubMedCrossRef

55.

Ingall T, Asplund K, Mahonen M, Bonita R (2000) A multinational comparison of subarachnoid hemorrhage epidemiology in the WHO MONICA stroke study. Stroke 31:1054–1061PubMedCrossRef

56.

Iorio A, Agnelli G (2000) Low-molecular-weight and unfractionated heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in neurosurgery: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 160:2327–2332PubMedCrossRef

57.

Isotani E, Suzuki R, Tomita K et al (1994) Alterations in plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides and antidiuretic hormone after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 25:2198–2203PubMedCrossRef

58.

Jakobsson KE, Saveland H, Hillman J et al (1996) Warning leak and management outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 85:995–999PubMedCrossRef

59.

Jartti P, Karttunen A, Isokangas JM et al (2008) Chronic hydrocephalus after neurosurgical and endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Acta Radiol 49:680–686PubMedCrossRef

60.

Karabinis A, Mandragos K, Stergiopoulos S et al (2004) Safety and efficacy of analgesia-based sedation with remifentanil versus standard hypnotic-based regimens in intensive care unit patients with brain injuries: a randomised, controlled trial [ISRCTN50308308]. Crit Care 8:R268–280PubMedCrossRef

61.

Khatri R, Memon MZ, Zacharatos H et al (2011) Impact of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for treatment of cerebral vasospasm on subarachnoid hemorrhage patient outcomes. Neurocrit Care 15:28–33PubMedCrossRef

62.

Kim KS, Brophy GM (2009) Symptomatic venous thromboembolism: incidence and risk factors in patients with spontaneous or traumatic intracranial hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 11:28–33PubMedCrossRef

63.

Kleindienst A, Harvey HB, Mater E et al (2003) Early antithrombotic prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin in neurosurgery. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 145:1085–1090

64.

Klimo P Jr, Kestle JR, MacDonald JD, Schmidt RH (2004) Marked reduction of cerebral vasospasm with lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 100:215–224PubMedCrossRef

65.

Kolias AG, Sen J, Belli A (2009) Pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: putative mechanisms and novel approaches. J Neurosci Res 87:1–11PubMedCrossRef

66.

Koppert W (2004) Opioid-induzierte Hyperalgesie. Pathophysiologie und Klinik. Anaesthesist 53:455–466PubMedCrossRef

67.

Kruyt ND, Biessels GJ, Haan RJ de et al (2009) Hyperglycemia and clinical outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a meta-analysis. Stroke 40:e424–430PubMedCrossRef

68.

L’Her E, Dy L, Pili R et al (2008) Feasibility and potential cost/benefit of routine isoflurane sedation using an anesthetic-conserving device: a prospective observational study. Respir Care 53:1295–1303

69.

Lanzino G, Kassell NF, Germanson T et al (1993) Plasma glucose levels and outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 79:885–891PubMedCrossRef

70.

le Roux AA, Wallace MC (2010) Outcome and cost of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurg Clin N Am 21:235–246CrossRef

71.

Le Roux PD, Elliott JP, Eskridge JM et al (1998) Risks and benefits of diagnostic angiography after aneurysm surgery: a retrospective analysis of 597 studies. Neurosurgery 42:1248–1254CrossRef

72.

Lee VH, Oh JK, Mulvagh SL, Wijdicks EF (2006) Mechanisms in neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 5:243–249PubMedCrossRef

73.

Lin CL, Dumont AS, Lieu AS et al (2003) Characterization of perioperative seizures and epilepsy following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 99:978–985PubMedCrossRef

74.

Lovelock CE, Rinkel GJ, Rothwell PM (2010) Time trends in outcome of subarachnoid hemorrhage: population-based study and systematic review. Neurology 74:1494–1501PubMedCrossRef

75.

Lysakowski C, Walder B, Costanza MC, Tramer MR (2001) Transcranial Doppler versus angiography in patients with vasospasm due to a ruptured cerebral aneurysm: a systematic review. Stroke 32:2292–2298PubMedCrossRef

76.

Ma L, Liu WG, Zhang JM et al (2010) Magnesium sulphate in the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a meta-analysis of prospective controlled trials. Brain Inj 24:730–735PubMedCrossRef

77.

Macdonald RL, Higashida RT, Keller E et al (2011) Clazosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage undergoing surgical clipping: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (CONSCIOUS-2). Lancet Neurol 10:618–625PubMedCrossRef

78.

Macdonald RL, Kassell NF, Mayer S et al (2008) Clazosentan to overcome neurological ischemia and infarction occurring after subarachnoid hemorrhage (CONSCIOUS-1): randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 dose-finding trial. Stroke 39:3015–3021PubMedCrossRef

79.

Martin J, Heymann A, Basell K et al (2010) Evidence and consensus-based German guidelines for the management of analgesia, sedation and delirium in intensive care—short version. Ger Med Sci 8:Doc02PubMed

80.

Mesnil M, Capdevila X, Bringuier S et al (2011) Long-term sedation in intensive care unit: a randomized comparison between inhaled sevoflurane and intravenous propofol or midazolam. Intensive Care Med 37:933–941PubMedCrossRef

81.

Meyers PM, Connolly ES Jr (2011) Stroke: disappointing results for clazosentan in CONSCIOUS-2. Nat Rev Neurol 7:660–661PubMedCrossRef

82.

Molyneux AJ, Kerr RS, Birks J et al (2009) Risk of recurrent subarachnoid haemorrhage, death, or dependence and standardised mortality ratios after clipping or coiling of an intracranial aneurysm in the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT): long-term follow-up. Lancet Neurol 8:427–433PubMedCrossRef

83.

Molyneux AJ, Kerr RS, Yu LM et al (2005) International subarachnoid aneurysm trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomised comparison of effects on survival, dependency, seizures, rebleeding, subgroups, and aneurysm occlusion. Lancet 366:809–817PubMedCrossRef

84.

Muellejans B, Matthey T, Scholpp J, Schill M (2006) Sedation in the intensive care unit with remifentanil/propofol versus midazolam/fentanyl: a randomised, open-label, pharmacoeconomic trial. Crit Care 10:R91PubMedCrossRef

85.

Muench E, Horn P, Bauhuf C et al (2007) Effects of hypervolemia and hypertension on regional cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and brain tissue oxygenation after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care Med 35:1844–1851PubMedCrossRef

86.

Murayama Y, Nien YL, Duckwiler G et al (2003) Guglielmi detachable coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms: 11 years‘ experience. J Neurosurg 98:959–966PubMedCrossRef

87.

Neuschmelting V, Fathi AR, Hidalgo Staub ET et al (2009) Norepinephrine-induced hypertension dilates vasospastic basilar artery after subarachnoid haemorrhage in rabbits. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 151:487–493

88.

O’Malley CM, Frumento RJ, Hardy MA et al (2005) A randomized, double-blind comparison of lactated Ringer’s solution and 0.9% NaCl during renal transplantation. Anesth Analg 100:1518–1524CrossRef

89.

Oddo M, Schmidt JM, Carrera E et al (2008) Impact of tight glycemic control on cerebral glucose metabolism after severe brain injury: a microdialysis study. Crit Care Med 36:3233–3238PubMedCrossRef

90.

Ostermann ME, Keenan SP, Seiferling RA, Sibbald WJ (2000) Sedation in the intensive care unit: a systematic review. JAMA 283:1451–1459PubMedCrossRef

91.

Penn DL, Komotar RJ, Sander Connolly E (2011) Hemodynamic mechanisms underlying cerebral aneurysm pathogenesis. J Clin Neurosci 18:1435–1438PubMedCrossRef

92.

Physioklin (2012) Intrakranieller Druck und Osmolalität von Infusionslösungen. In: http://www.physioklin.de/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=43&Itemid=22

93.

Priebe HJ (2007) Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage and the anaesthetist. Br J Anaesth 99:102–118PubMedCrossRef

94.

Qureshi AI, Suri MF, Sung GY et al (2002) Prognostic significance of hypernatremia and hyponatremia among patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 50:749–755PubMedCrossRef

95.

Qureshi AI, Suri MF, Yahia AM et al (2001) Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 49:607–612PubMed

96.

Rabinstein AA, Bruder N (2011) Management of hyponatremia and volume contraction. Neurocrit Care 15:354–360PubMedCrossRef

97.

Rabinstein AA, Sandhu K (2007) Non-infectious fever in the neurological intensive care unit: incidence, causes and predictors. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78:1278–1280PubMedCrossRef

98.

Rahman M, Friedman WA (2009) Hyponatremia in neurosurgical patients: clinical guidelines development. Neurosurgery 65:925–935PubMedCrossRef

99.

Raper DM, Allan R (2010) International subarachnoid trial in the long run: critical evaluation of the long-term follow-up data from the ISAT trial of clipping vs coiling for ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurgery 66:1166–1169PubMedCrossRef

100.

Rasulo FA, De Peri E, Lavinio A (2008) Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in intensive care. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl 42:167–173PubMedCrossRef

101.

Reid F, Lobo DN, Williams RN et al (2003) (Ab)normal saline and physiological Hartmann’s solution: a randomized double-blind crossover study. Clin Sci (Lond) 104:17–24

102.

(o A) (1988) Report of World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Committee on a universal subarachnoid hemorrhage grading scale. J Neurosurg 68:985–986

103.

Rhoney DH, Tipps LB, Murry KR et al (2000) Anticonvulsant prophylaxis and timing of seizures after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 55:258–265PubMedCrossRef

104.

Rinkel GJ, Feigin VL, Algra A et al (2005) Calcium antagonists for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD000277

105.

Rose JC, Neill TA, Hemphill JC III (2006) Continuous monitoring of the microcirculation in neurocritical care: an update on brain tissue oxygenation. Curr Opin Crit Care 12:97–102PubMedCrossRef

106.

Rose JJ, Vanhecke TE, McCullough PA (2010) Subarachnoid hemorrhage with neurocardiogenic stunning. Rev Cardiovasc Med 11:254–263PubMed

107.

Rose MJ (2011) Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: an update on the medical complications and treatments strategies seen in these patients. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 24:500–507PubMedCrossRef

108.

Rosengart AJ, Huo JD, Tolentino J et al (2007) Outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage treated with antiepileptic drugs. J Neurosurg 107:253–260PubMedCrossRef

109.

Rosner MJ, Rosner SD, Johnson AH (1995) Cerebral perfusion pressure: management protocol and clinical results. J Neurosurg 83:949–962PubMedCrossRef

110.

Sakowitz OW, Raabe A, Vucak D et al (2006) Contemporary management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in Germany: results of a survey among 100 neurosurgical departments. Neurosurgery 58:137–145PubMedCrossRef

111.

Sames TA, Storrow AB, Finkelstein JA, Magoon MR (1996) Sensitivity of new-generation computed tomography in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acad Emerg Med 3:16–20PubMedCrossRef

112.

Sandvei MS, Romundstad PR, Muller TB et al (2009) Risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in a prospective population study: the HUNT study in Norway. Stroke 40:1958–1962PubMedCrossRef

113.

Sarrafzadeh AS, Kaisers U, Boemke W (2007) Aneurysmatische Subarachnoidalblutung. Bedeutung und Komplikationen. Anaesthesist 56:957–966PubMedCrossRef

114.

Scheingraber S, Rehm M, Sehmisch C, Finsterer U (1999) Rapid saline infusion produces hyperchloremic acidosis in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery. Anesthesiology 90:1265–1270PubMedCrossRef

115.

Schild H (2003) Angiographie. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 75

116.

Schirmer CM, Hoit DA, Malek AM (2007) Decompressive hemicraniectomy for the treatment of intractable intracranial hypertension after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 38:987–992PubMedCrossRef

117.

Schlenk F, Vajkoczy P, Sarrafzadeh A (2009) Inpatient hyperglycemia following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: relation to cerebral metabolism and outcome. Neurocrit Care 11:56–63PubMedCrossRef

118.

Schmutzhard E, Beer R, Vajkoczy P (2010) Intensivmedizinische Therapie der aneurysmatischen Subarachnoidalblutung. Intensivmed Notfallmed 47:169–176CrossRef

119.

Scott RB, Eccles F, Molyneux AJ et al (2010) Improved cognitive outcomes with endovascular coiling of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: neuropsychological outcomes from the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT). Stroke 41:1743–1747PubMedCrossRef

120.

Sen J, Belli A, Albon H et al (2003) Triple-H therapy in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Lancet Neurol 2:614–621PubMedCrossRef

121.

Seule MA, Stienen MN, Cadosch D et al (2010) Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage—therapy and complications. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 45:8–17PubMedCrossRef

122.

Shah KH, Edlow JA (2002) Distinguishing traumatic lumbar puncture from true subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Emerg Med 23:67–74PubMedCrossRef

123.

Shanno GB, Armonda RA, Benitez RP, Rosenwasser RH (2001) Assessment of acutely unsuccessful attempts at detachable coiling in intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurgery 48:1066–1072PubMedCrossRef

124.

Sherlock M, O’Sullivan E, Agha A et al (2006) The incidence and pathophysiology of hyponatraemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 64:250–254

125.

Skjoth-Rasmussen J, Schulz M, Kristensen SR, Bjerre P (2004) Delayed neurological deficits detected by an ischemic pattern in the extracellular cerebral metabolites in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 100:8–15PubMedCrossRef

126.

Sloan MA, Alexandrov AV, Tegeler CH et al (2004) Assessment: transcranial Doppler ultrasonography: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 62:1468–1481PubMedCrossRef

127.

Solenski NJ, Haley EC Jr, Kassell NF et al (1995) Medical complications of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a report of the multicenter, cooperative aneurysm study. Participants of the Multicenter Cooperative Aneurysm Study. Crit Care Med 23:1007–1017PubMedCrossRef

128.

Steudle L, Radke J, Clausen T (2006) Perioperatives Management von Patienten mit aneurysmatischer Subarachnoidalblutung. Anaesth Intensivmed 47:530–552

129.

Stiefel MF, Spiotta AM, Udoetuk JD et al (2006) Intra-arterial papaverine used to treat cerebral vasospasm reduces brain oxygen. Neurocrit Care 4:113–118PubMedCrossRef

130.

Stocchetti N, Protti A, Lattuada M et al (2005) Impact of pyrexia on neurochemistry and cerebral oxygenation after acute brain injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76:1135–1139PubMedCrossRef

131.

Suarez JI, Qureshi AI, Yahia AB et al (2002) Symptomatic vasospasm diagnosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage: evaluation of transcranial Doppler ultrasound and cerebral angiography as related to compromised vascular distribution. Crit Care Med 30:1348–1355PubMedCrossRef

132.

Suarez-Rivera O (1998) Acute hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surg Neurol 49:563–565PubMedCrossRef

133.

Szaflarski JP, Sangha KS, Lindsell CJ, Shutter LA (2010) Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis. Neurocrit Care 12:165–172PubMedCrossRef

134.

Treggiari MM, Deem S (2009) Which H is the most important in triple-H therapy for cerebral vasospasm? Curr Opin Crit Care 15:83–86PubMedCrossRef

135.

Treggiari MM, Walder B, Suter PM, Romand JA (2003) Systematic review of the prevention of delayed ischemic neurological deficits with hypertension, hypervolemia, and hemodilution therapy following subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 98:978–984PubMedCrossRef

136.

Tseng MY (2011) Summary of evidence on immediate statins therapy following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 15:298–301PubMedCrossRef

137.

Tumani H, Petzold A, Wick M et al (2010) Cerebrospinal fluid-based diagnostics of CT-negative subarachnoid haemorrhage. Liquordiagnostik bei CT-negativer Subarachnoidalblutung. Nervenarzt 81:973–979PubMedCrossRef

138.

Unterberg AW, Sakowitz OW, Sarrafzadeh AS et al (2001) Role of bedside microdialysis in the diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 94:740–749PubMedCrossRef

139.

Vajkoczy P, Meyer B, Weidauer S et al (2005) Clazosentan (AXV-034343), a selective endothelin A receptor antagonist, in the prevention of cerebral vasospasm following severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase IIa study. J Neurosurg 103:9–17PubMedCrossRef

140.

Vale FL, Bradley EL, Fisher WS III (1997) The relationship of subarachnoid hemorrhage and the need for postoperative shunting. J Neurosurg 86:462–466PubMedCrossRef

141.

van den Bergh WM, Kerr RS, Algra A et al (2009) Effect of antiplatelet therapy for endovascular coiling in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 40:1969–1972CrossRef

142.

van den Bergh WM, Zuur JK, Kamerling NA et al (2002) Role of magnesium in the reduction of ischemic depolarization and lesion volume after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 97:416–422CrossRef

143.

van der Schaaf I, Algra A, Wermer M et al (2005) Endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD003085

144.

van Gijn J, Hijdra A, Wijdicks EF et al (1985) Acute hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 63:355–362CrossRef

145.

van Gijn J, Kerr RS, Rinkel GJ (2007) Subarachnoid haemorrhage. Lancet 369:306–318CrossRef

146.

van Gijn J, Dongen KJ van (1982) The time course of aneurysmal haemorrhage on computed tomograms. Neuroradiology 23:153–156

147.

van Munster CE, von und zu Fraunberg M, Rinkel GJ et al (2008) Differences in aneurysm and patient characteristics between cohorts of Finnish and Dutch patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: time trends between 1986 and 2005. Stroke 39:3166–3171CrossRef

148.

Varelas P, Helms A, Sinson G et al (2006) Clipping or coiling of ruptured cerebral aneurysms and shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. Neurocrit Care 4:223–228PubMedCrossRef

149.

Velat GJ, Kimball MM, Mocco JD, Hoh BL (2011) Vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses in the literature. World Neurosurg 76:446–454PubMedCrossRef

150.

Vespa PM, McArthur D, O’Phelan K et al (2003) Persistently low extracellular glucose correlates with poor outcome 6 months after human traumatic brain injury despite a lack of increased lactate: a microdialysis study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 23:865–877PubMedCrossRef

151.

Voldby B, Enevoldsen EM (1982) Intracranial pressure changes following aneurysm rupture. Part 3: recurrent hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 56:784–789PubMedCrossRef

152.

Wartenberg KE, Mayer SA (2010) Medical complications after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurg Clin N Am 21:325–338PubMedCrossRef

153.

Wartenberg KE, Mayer SA (2006) Medical complications after subarachnoid hemorrhage: new strategies for prevention and management. Curr Opin Crit Care 12:78–84PubMedCrossRef

154.

Wartenberg KE, Schmidt JM, Claassen J et al (2006) Impact of medical complications on outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care Med 34:617–623PubMedCrossRef

155.

Waugh JR, Sacharias N (1992) Arteriographic complications in the DSA era. Radiology 182:243–246PubMed

156.

Westermaier T, Stetter C, Vince GH et al (2010) Prophylactic intravenous magnesium sulfate for treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical study. Crit Care Med 38:1284–1290PubMedCrossRef

157.

Wong GK, Boet R, Poon WS et al (2011) Intravenous magnesium sulphate for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systemic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 15:R52PubMedCrossRef

158.

Wong GK, Poon WS, Chan MT et al (2010) Intravenous magnesium sulphate for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (IMASH): a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III trial. Stroke 41:921–926PubMedCrossRef

159.

Zollner C, Schafer M (2007) Intraoperative Remifentanilgabe und postoperative Schmerztherapie. Gibt es ein optimales Vorgehen? Anaesthesist 56:1038–1046PubMedCrossRef

160.

Zubkov AY, Wijdicks EF (2008) Antiepileptic drugs in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Rev Neurol Dis 5:178–181PubMed

Titel: Aneurysmatisch bedingte Subarachnoidalblutung
verfasst von: Dr. P. Kellner
D. Stoevesandt
J. Soukup
M. Bucher
C. Raspé
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2012
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 9/2012
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-012-2077-2

Update AINS

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

hier abonnieren

Springer Medizin

Aneurysmatisch bedingte Subarachnoidalblutung

Zusammenfassung

Neu im Fachgebiet AINS

Akuter Schwindel: Wann lohnt sich eine MRT?

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

Hinter dieser Appendizitis steckte ein Erreger

Ärztliche Empathie hilft gegen Rückenschmerzen

Update AINS

Springer Medizin

Zusammenfassung

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2012

Hauttemperaturerhöhungen bei Spinalanästhesie

Ärztliche Weiterbildung in der Anästhesiologie

Wenn das Ruhemembranpotenzial aus der Ruhe kommt

Abbruch der Anästhesie bei neu aufgetretener Anisokorie mit fehlenden Lichtreflexen

Lebensbedrohliche Opioidüberdosierung

Umintubation mithilfe des C-MAC-Videolaryngoskops

Neu im Fachgebiet AINS

Akuter Schwindel: Wann lohnt sich eine MRT?

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

Hinter dieser Appendizitis steckte ein Erreger

Ärztliche Empathie hilft gegen Rückenschmerzen

Update AINS