Background
Methods
The questions of the systematic review
Database | Key words |
---|---|
PsycINFO | (“Drug abuse” OR “drug use OR inject drug use OR Methamphetamine user OR Cannabis users OR Heroin users OR Marijuana users OR Opiate users OR Amphetamines users or Cocaine users or Hallucinogens users”) AND (“Dental Caries” OR “Periodontal Diseases” OR “Periodontitis” OR “DMF Index” OR “Tooth Loss” OR “Edentulism” OR “Dental Status” OR “Oral Health”) |
Scielo | Drug abuse [Title words] or drug use [Title words] or inject drug use [Title words] or Methamphetamine users [Title words] or Cannabis users [Title words] or Heroin users [Title words] or Marijuana users [Title words] or Opiate users [Title words] or Amphetamines users [Title words] or Cocaine users [Title words] or Hallucinogens users [Title words]and Oral health [Title words] or Dental Caries [Title words] or periodontal [Title words] or DMF Index [Title words] or oral hygiene [Title words] or decayed, missed and filled teeth [Title words] or tooth Loss [Title words] or “Edentulism” [Title words] or “Dental Status” [Title words] or “Oral Health” [Title words] |
Pubmed | #22 Search (((((((((((Substance-Related Disorders[MeSH Terms]) OR Substance Abuse, Intravenous[MeSH Terms]) OR drug use[Title]) OR inject drug use[Title]) OR Methamphetamine user[Title]) OR Cannabis users[Title]) OR Heroin users[Title]) OR Marijuana users[Title]) OR Opiate users[Title]) OR Cocaine [Title]) Hallucinogen [Title]) OR Amphetamines users[Title])) AND (((((((((Dental Caries[MeSH Terms]) OR Periodontal Diseases[MeSH Terms]) OR Periodontitis[MeSH Terms]) OR DMF Index[MeSH Terms]) OR Tooth Loss[MeSH Terms]) OR Edentulism[Title]) OR Dental Status[Title]) OR Oral Health[MeSH Terms]) OR Oral Hygiene Index[MeSH Terms]) #21 Search ((((((((Dental Caries[MeSH Terms]) OR Periodontal Diseases[MeSH Terms]) OR Periodontitis[MeSH Terms]) OR DMF Index[MeSH Terms]) OR Tooth Loss[MeSH Terms]) OR Edentulism[Title]) OR Dental Status[Title]) OR Oral Health[MeSH Terms]) OR Oral Hygiene Index[MeSH Terms] #20 Search (((((((((Substance-Related Disorders[MeSH Terms]) OR Substance Abuse, Intravenous[MeSH Terms]) OR drug use[Title]) OR inject drug use[Title]) OR Methamphetamine user[Title]) OR Cannabis users[Title]) OR Heroin users[Title]) OR Marijuana users[Title]) OR Opiate users[Title]) OR Amphetamines users[Title] #19 Search Oral Hygiene Index[MeSH Terms] #18 Search Oral Health[MeSH Terms] #17 Search Dental Status[Title] #16 Search Edentulism[Title] #15 Search Tooth Loss[MeSH Terms] #14 Search DMF Index[MeSH Terms] #13 Search Periodontitis[MeSH Terms] #12 Search Periodontal Diseases[MeSH Terms] #11 Search Dental Caries[MeSH Terms] #10 Search Amphetamines users[Title] #9 Search Opiate users[Title] #8 Search Marijuana users[Title] #7 Search Heroin users[Title] #6 Search Cannabis users[Title] #5 Search Methamphetamine user[Title] #4 Search inject drug use[Title] #3 Search drug use[Title] #2 Search Substance Abuse, Intravenous[MeSH Terms] #1 Search Substance-Related Disorders[MeSH Terms] |
Scopus | (TITLE-ABS-KEY (drug AND abuse) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (drug AND use) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (inject AND drug AND use) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (methamphetamine AND user) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (cannabis AND users) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (heroin AND users) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (marijuana AND users) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (opiate AND users) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (amphetamines AND users) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (dental AND caries) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (periodontal AND diseases) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (periodontitis) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (dmf AND index) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (tooth AND loss) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (edentulism) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (dental AND status) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (oral AND health)) |
Web of Knowledge | TS = (Substance-Related Disorders OR Substance Abuse, Intravenous OR drug use OR inject drug use OR Methamphetamine user OR Cannabis users OR Heroin users OR Marijuana users OR Opiate users OR Amphetamines users) AND TS = (Dental Caries OR Periodontal Diseases OR Periodontitis OR DMF Index OR Tooth Loss OR Edentulism OR Dental Status OR Oral Health OR Oral Hygiene Index) |
Cochrane | #1 MeSH descriptor: [Substance-Related Disorders] explode all trees #2 MeSH descriptor: [Substance Abuse, Intravenous] explode all trees #3 (“drug user”):ti,ab,kw #4 (inject drug user):ti,ab,kw #5 (Methamphetamine user):ti,ab,kw #6 (Cannabis users):ti,ab,kw #7 (Heroin users):ti,ab,kw #8 (Marijuana users):ti,ab,kw #9 (Opiate users):ti,ab,kw #10 (Amphetamines users):ti,ab,kw #11 #1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 #12 MeSH descriptor: [Dental Caries] explode all trees #13 MeSH descriptor: [Periodontal Diseases] explode all trees #14 MeSH descriptor: [Periodontitis] in all MeSH products #15 MeSH descriptor: [DMF Index] explode all trees #16 MeSH descriptor: [Tooth Loss] explode all trees #17 (“edentulism”):ti,ab,kw #18 (Dental Status):ti,ab,kw #19 MeSH descriptor: [Oral Health] explode all trees #20 MeSH descriptor: [Oral Hygiene Index] explode all trees #21 #12 OR #13 OR #14 OR #15 OR #16 OR #17 OR #18 OR #19 OR #20 #22 #11 AND #21 |
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Outcome measure
Definitions/criteria considered for PWUD
Definitions/criteria considered for oral health conditions
Search strategy and study selection
Data extraction and quality assessment
Assessment of risk of Bias in included studies
Items for critical appraisal | Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined? | Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? | Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way? | Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition? | Were confounding factors identified? | Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? | Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way? | Was appropriate statistical analysis used? | Overall appraisal | Quality of the evidence | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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studies | yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | ||
Rooban et al. [48] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Included | moderate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reece [49] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Included | High | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kayal et al. [50] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Included | moderate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
D’Amore et al. [51] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | High | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gupta et al. [52] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | moderate |
Items for critical appraisal | Were the two groups similar and recruited from the same population? | Were the exposures measured similarly to assign people to both exposed and unexposed groups? | Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way? | Were confounding factors identified? | Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? | Were the groups/participants free of the outcome at the start of the study (or at the moment of exposure)? | Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way? | Was the follow up time reported and sufficient to be long enough for outcomes to occur? | Was follow up complete, and if not, were the reasons to loss to follow up described and explored? | Were strategies to address incomplete follow up utilized? | Overall appraisal | Quality of the evidence | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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studies | yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | ||
Thomson et al. [53]. | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Included | High |
Items for critical appraisal | Were the groups comparable other than the presence of disease in cases or the absence of disease in controls? | Were cases and controls matched appropriately? | Were the same criteria used for identification of cases and controls? | Was exposure measured in a standard, valid and reliable way? | Was exposure measured in the same way for cases and controls? | Were confounding factors identified? | Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? | Were outcomes assessed in a standard, valid and reliable way for cases and controls? | Was the exposure period of interest long enough to be meaningful? | Was appropriate statistical analysis used? | Overall appraisal | Quality of the evidence | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
studies | yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | ||
Morio et al. [27] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Included | High | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shetty et al. [54] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Included | High | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rommel et al. [55] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Included | High | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nives Protrka et al. [24] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | included | moderate |
Statistical analysis
Results
Study selection
Study characteristics
author | Drug used by participants | Sample size | year | country | design | Quality of the evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Morio et al. [27] | Methamphetamine users | 18 | 2008 | USA | Case-control | High |
Shetty et al. [54] | Methamphetamine users | 571 | 2016 | USA | Case-control | High |
Rommel et al. [55] | Methamphetamine users | 200 | 2016 | Germany | Case-control | High |
Thomson et al. [53]. | Cannabis users | 1015 | 2008 | New Zealand | Cohort | High |
Nives Protrka et al. [24] | Heroin users | 200 | 2013 | Croatia | Case-control | Moderate |
Rooban et al. [48] | Heroin and Cannabis users | 100 | 2008 | India | Cross-section | Moderate |
Reece [49] | Opiate users | 233 | 2007 | Australia | Cross-section | High |
Kayal et al. [50] | Amphetamines | 57 | 2014 | Saudi Arabia | Cross-section | Moderate |
D’Amore et al. [51] | Opioid and Marijuana users | 563 | 2011 | USA | Cross-section | High |
Gupta et al. [52] | illicit drug users | 126 | 2012 | India | Cross-section | Moderate |