Background
Methods
Study design and site
Sampling strategy
Data collection tool development and procedure
Data entry, sample size and analysis
Ethical issue
Results
General characteristics
Variable | Category | Male (n = 134) 42% | Female (n = 184) 58% | Total (n = 318) (100%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Study site |
BIHS
| 122 (44.0) | 158 (56.0) | 280 (88.0) |
DMCH
| 12 (32.0) | 26 (68.0) | 38 (12.0) | |
Age |
30-39
| 14 (37.0) | 24 (63.0) | 38 (12.0) |
40-49
| 21 (27.0) | 58 (73.0) | 79 (25.0) | |
50-59
| 42 (42.0) | 58 (58.0) | 100 (31.0) | |
≥60
| 57 (56.0) | 44 (44.0) | 101 (32.0) | |
Marital status |
Never married
| 4 (57.0) | 3 (43.0) | 7 (2.2) |
Married
| 130 (43.0) | 173 (57.0) | 303 (95.3) | |
Others
| 0 (0.0) | 8 (100.0) | 8 (2.5) | |
Religion |
Islam
| 130 (42.0) | 182 (58.0) | 312 (98.0) |
Hindu
| 4 (67.0) | 2 (33.0) | 6 (2.0) | |
Education |
No formal education
| 8 (21.0) | 30 (79.0) | 38 (12.0) |
Primary education
| 25 (24.0) | 78 (76.0) | 103 (32.0) | |
Secondary education
| 47 (44.0) | 61 (56.0) | 108 (34.0) | |
College and above
| 54 (78.0) | 15 (22.0) | 69 (22.0) | |
Occupation |
Service
| 52 (96.0) | 2 (4.0) | 54 (17.0) |
Business
| 32 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 32 (10.0) | |
Laborer
| 5 (71.0) | 2 (29.0) | 7 (2.0) | |
Farming
| 4 (80.0) | 1 (20.0) | 5 (2.0) | |
Housewife
| 0 (0.0) | 176 (100.0) | 176 (55.0) | |
Retired
| 38 (93.0) | 3 (7.0) | 41 (13.8) | |
Others
| 3 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.0) | |
Household member |
≤ 4
| 58 (40.0) | 87 (60.0) | 145 (46.0) |
>4
| 76 (44.0) | 97 (56.0) | 173 (54.0) | |
Monthly family Income (n = 317), BDT |
<10,000
| 18 (35.0) | 34 (65.0) | 52 (16.0) |
10,000-29,999
| 57 (39.0) | 89 (61.0) | 146 (46.0) | |
30,000-59,999
| 41 (49.0) | 42 (51.0) | 83 (26.0) | |
Mean = 38,262 |
60,000-89,999
| 6 (55.0) | 5 (45.0) | 11 (3.0) |
Median = 25,000 |
≥90,000
| 12 (46.0) | 14 (54.0) | 26 (8.0) |
Monthly family expenditure, BDT |
<10,000
| 21 (36.0) | 37 (64.0) | 58 (18.0) |
10,000-29,999
| 63 (41.0) | 92 (59.0) | 155 (49.0) | |
30,000-59,999
| 38 (48.0) | 42 (53.0) | 80 (25.0) | |
Mean = 31,662 |
60,000-89,999
| 4 (44.0) | 5 (56.0) | 9 (3.0) |
Median = 25,000 |
≥90,000
| 8 (50.0) | 8 (50.0) | 16 (5.0) |
Residency of patients |
Urban
| 97 (41.0) | 137 (59.0) | 234 (74.0) |
Rural
| 19 (49.0) | 20 (51.0) | 39 (12.0) | |
Peri Urban
| 18 (40.0) | 27 (60.0) | 45 (14.0) |
Knowledge & perception regarding diabetes prevention and management
Risk Factors | Prevention | Control | Complications | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genetic | Obesity | Less PA | Balanced Diet | Increased PA | Balanced Diet | Increasing PA | Balanced Diet | Eye Problems | Kidney Problems | |
Frequency (%) | 137 (43) | 79 (25) | 86 (27) | 93 (29) | 188 (59) | 157 (49) | 229 (72) | 224 (70) | 170 (54) | 195 (61) |
Gender | 0.453 | 0.022* | 0.001* | 0.651 | 0.001* | 0.075 | 0.704 | 0.005* | 0.010* | 0.018* |
Age | 0.245 | 0.918 | 0.302 | 0.624 | 0.115 | 0.842 | 0.316 | 0.975 | 0.836 | 0.005* |
Education | 0.049* | 0.309 | 0.000* | 0.010* | 0.008* | 0.006* | 0.000* | 0.351 | 0.009* | 0.006* |
Family Income | 0.066 | 0.020* | 0.036* | 0.245 | 0.048* | 0.001* | 0.001* | 0.209 | 0.098 | 0.030* |
Socio-demographic variables | Knowledge (%) | Statistical Indices | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Good | Average | Poor | |||
Gender |
Male
| 27 (66) | 86 (41) | 21 (32) | χ2=12.505
|
Female
| 14 (34) | 125 (59) | 45 (68) | df = 2 | |
P = 0.002 | |||||
Age |
30-39
| 13 (32) | 27 (13) | 5 (8) | χ2=4.792
|
40-49
| 14 (34) | 56 (27) | 15 (23) | df = 6 | |
50-59
| 8 (20) | 67 (32) | 19 (29) |
P = 0.571 | |
≥60
| 6 (15) | 61 (29) | 27 (41) | ||
Education |
No formal education
| 2 (5) | 17 (8) | 19 (29) | χ2=49.007
|
Primary
| 7 (17) | 71 (34) | 25 (38) | df = 6 | |
Secondary
| 11 (27) | 82 (39) | 15 (23) |
P < 0.0001 | |
College & above
| 21 (51) | 41 (19) | 7 (11) | ||
Occupation |
Service
| 10 (19) | 38 (70) | 6 (11) | χ2=25.312
|
Business
| 8 (25) | 19 (59) | 5 (16) | df = 12 | |
Laborer
| 0 (0) | 6 (86) | 1 (14) |
P = 0.013 | |
Farming
| 0 (0) | 3 (60) | 2 (40) | ||
Housewife
| 43 (24) | 120 (68) | 13 (7) | ||
Retired
| 10 (24) | 24 (59) | 7 (17) | ||
Others
| 0 (0) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | ||
Family Income |
< 10,000 BDT
| 0 (0) | 10 (5) | 16 (24) | χ2=40.712
|
10,000-29,999 BDT
| 16 (39) | 95 (45) | 28 (42) | df = 8 | |
30,000-59,000 BDT
| 12 (29) | 76 (36) | 15 (23) |
P < 0.0001 | |
60,000-89,000 BDT
| 8 (20) | 13 (6) | 3 (5) | ||
≥ 90,000 BDT
| 5 (12) | 17 (8) | 4 (6) | ||
Residence |
Urban
| 32 (78) | 157 (74) | 45 (68) | χ2=4.613
|
Rural
| 4 (10) | 22 (10) | 13 (20) | df = 4 | |
Semi-urban
| 5 (12) | 32 (15) | 8 (12) |
P = .329 |
Diabetes perception | True (%) | False (%) | Don’t know (%) | Statistical indices (χ2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Education | ||||
Diabetes is a simple disease
| 75 (23.6) | 224 (70.4) | 19 (6.0) |
P < 0 .018* |
Diabetes is a disease of rich patients
| 76 (23.9) | 232 (73) | 10 (3.1) |
P < 0.0001*
|
Diabetes causes excessive intake of sugar
| 98 (30.8) | 177 (55.7) | 43 (13.5) |
P < 0 .006*
|
Diabetes causes will of god
| 224 (70.4) | 70 (22) | 24 (7.5) |
P < 0 .004*
|
Diabetes causes death
| 282 (88.7) | 20 (6.3) | 16 (5.0) |
P < 0 .703 |
Diabetes can be cured completely
| 75 (23.6) | 226 (71.1) | 17 (5.3) |
P < 0 .0001*
|
Frequency of doctor or health center visit | In a Year (%) | In 3 Months (%) | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Once or less
| 24 (7.5) | 134 (42.1) | 318 (100) |
2-4 times
| 106 (33.3) | 162 (50.9) | 318 (100) |
5-6 times
| 90 (28.3) | 15 (4.7) | 318 (100) |
7-12 times
| 82 (25.8) | 6 (1.9) | 318 (100) |
>12 times
| 16 (5.0) | 1 (.3) | 318 (100) |
Access & utilization of diabetes service
Frequency of blood sugar monitoring | Number (%) |
---|---|
Several times in a day | 6 (2) |
Daily | 01 (.3) |
Weekly | 58 (18) |
Monthly | 120 (38) |
2-3 months after | 119 (37) |
Yearly | 09 (3) |
Never | 05 (2) |