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Diabetologia
Erschienen in: Diabetologia 8/2016

14.05.2016 | Review

Diabetic macular oedema: pathophysiology, management challenges and treatment resistance

verfasst von: Bobak Bahrami, Meidong Zhu, Thomas Hong, Andrew Chang

Erschienen in: Diabetologia | Ausgabe 8/2016

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Abstract

Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is the leading cause of vision loss in patients living with diabetes. DMO results from hyperglycaemia-induced activation of pathways that lead to oxidative stress and release of cytokines, impairing the inner and outer blood–retinal barriers. Improved understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to DMO have led to the development of effective therapies, including vitreoretinal surgery, laser photocoagulation, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs and corticosteroids. Advances in imaging, including fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography, have also enhanced diagnosis and management of the condition. Despite these advances, there remain patients who do not respond completely to therapy, reflecting the complex pathophysiology of DMO. These patients may be considered treatment-resistant. In this review, we summarise the pathophysiology of DMO, as well as the available treatments and their mechanism of action. Additionally, we focus on treatment-resistant disease and review the literature on potential options for managing this complication of diabetes.
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Metadaten
Titel
Diabetic macular oedema: pathophysiology, management challenges and treatment resistance
verfasst von
Bobak Bahrami
Meidong Zhu
Thomas Hong
Andrew Chang
Publikationsdatum
14.05.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Diabetologia / Ausgabe 8/2016
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-016-3974-8

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