Background
Methods
Drugs and chemicals
Plant collection and extraction
Acute toxicity test
Preliminary phytochemical screening
Animals and housing conditions
Dose preparation S. surattense extract
Measurement of diuretic activity
Urinary electrolyte and osmolality analysis
Blood sample collection
Determination of serum electrolytes, bicarbonate and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Statistical analysis
Results
Phytochemical evaluation of S. surattense
Acute toxicity test
Urine volume and pH
Treatment | Urine volume (ml/100 g of body weight) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 h | 2 h | 4 h | 6 h | |
Saline 40 mL/kg | 0.74 ± 0.32 | 0.96 ± 0.17 | 0.64 ± 0.13 | 1.16 ± 0.15 |
S. surattense 50 mg/kg | 0.85 ± 0.15 | 1.12 ± 0.13 | 1.30 ± 0.17 | 2.08 ± 0.12* |
S. surattense 70 mg/kg | 1.08 ± 0.14 | 1.23 ± 0.18 | 1.62 ± 0.15* | 2.34 ± 0.16* |
S. surattense 100 mg/kg | 1.26 ± 0.11 | 1.52 ± 0.14* | 1.86 ± 0.13* | 2.72 ± 0.09** |
Furosemide 10 mg/kg | 1.94 ± 0.17 | 2.34 ± 0.15* | 2.93 ± 0.10* | 3.54 ± 0.13** |
Osmolality of urine
Treatment | Urine osmolality (mOsm) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 h | 2 h | 4 h | 6 h | |
Saline 40 mL/kg | 162 ± 28 | 194 ± 36 | 203 ± 33 | 282 ± 68 |
S. surattense 50 mg/kg | 175 ± 45 | 245 + 28 | 285 ± 35* | 328 ± 57* |
S. surattense 70 mg/kg | 210 ± 32 | 306 ± 35* | 294 ± 26 | 452 ± 25** |
S. surattense 100mg/kg | 260 ± 55 | 421 ± 42* | 365 ± 38* | 372 ± 30 |
Furosemide 10 mg/kg | 320 ± 70 | 380 ± 85* | 645 ± 36** | 390 ± 58 |
Electrolytes excretion level in urine
Treatment | Na+(mol) | K+ (mol) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 h | 2 h | 4 h | 6 h | 1 h | 2 h | 4 h | 6 h | |
Saline 40 mL/kg | 62 ± 38 | 114 ± 25 | 106 ± 10 | 98 ± 29 | 21 ± 5 | 35 ± 7 | 28 ± 10 | 33 ± 11 |
S. surattense 50mg/kg | 88 ± 13 | 107 ± 17 | 127 ± 25 | 132 ± 16* | 24 ± 7 | 38 ± 6 | 59 ± 11* | 65 ± 10* |
S. surattense 70mg/kg | 111 ± 9 | 128 ± 16 | 181 ± 19* | 257 ± 20* | 33 ± 6.5 | 47 ± 13 | 63 ± 16* | 69 ± 14* |
S. surattense 100mg/kg | 120 ± 21 | 184 ± 14* | 192 ± 32* | 291 ± 23** | 42 ± 8 | 58 ± 15* | 68 ± 8.5* | 79 ± 7.5** |
Furosemide 10 mg/kg | 144 ± 35 | 247 ± 26* | 305 ± 27** | 324 ± 15** | 66 ± 5.9* | 78 ± 9* | 89 ± 13** | 91 ± 20** |
Treatment | Ca2+ μmol/6 h | Mg2+ mmol/6 h |
---|---|---|
Saline 40 mL/kg | 6.68 ± 4.52 | 0.08 ± 0.02 |
S. surattense 50 mg/kg | 12.32 ± 5.14* | 0.07 ± 0.01 |
S. surattense 70 mg/kg | 18.17 ± 3.91* | 0.07 ± 0.01 |
S. surattense 100 mg/kg | 29.16 ± 2.95** | 0.08 ± 0.02 |
Furosemide 10 mg/kg | 36.20 ± 5.75** | 0.09 ± 0.01 |