Do chief complaints allow targeting of SBIRT in the Emergency Department?
verfasst von:
Ryan McCormack, Phoebe Gauthier, Bridget McClure, Lauren Moy, Mei-Chen Hu, Martina Pavlicova, Edward V Nunes, David A Thompson, Raul Mandler, Michael Bogenschutz, Gail D'Onofrio, John Rotrosen
Emergency Department (ED)-based Screening, Brief Interventions and Referral for Treatment (SBIRT) for alcohol and drug use has the potential to impact public health greatly. Time and resource constraints limit implementation [1]. Targeted intervention may be more efficient and practical. We hypothesized that we could use chief complaints to identify patients at highest risk of positive drug or alcohol use assessments.
Material and methods
Using baseline data from NIDA CTN0047: SMART-ED [2], free text chief complaints of 14,972 subjects from six sites were coded using a tested algorithm [3]. Multiple team members manually reviewed and further collapsed the chief complaint categorization to ensure agreement. We excluded subjects having missing data or complaints related to substance use and chief complaints stated by <15 subjects. Positive screens were defined as AUDIT-C ≥4 for men and ≥3 for women (alcohol) and DAST ≥3 (drugs). We ranked-ordered the chief complaints by their sensitivity (i.e. greatest to fewest positive screens per complaint) and positive predictive value (i.e. proportion positive screens when the complaint is present) to 1) minimize the number of chief complaints and 2) assess the fewest number of ED patients. Our goal was to identify 75% of ED patients having positive assessments using these strategies.
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Results
The screening assessments were positive in 5,805/14,561(39.9%) for alcohol and 2,454/14,494 (16.9%) for drugs. We collapsed the free-text chief complaints into 50 usable categories. To identify 75% of all ED patients having positive assessments using the first strategy would require including 19 chief complaints for alcohol screening and 20 chief complaints for drug screening. Adapting the second strategy, we would need to screen at least 71% and 68% of all ED patients for alcohol and drugs respectively to identify 75% of those having positive assessments. Among all ED patients screening positive for unhealthy alcohol or drug use. N=6,698 (46.0%), Figures 1 and 2 show the cumulative proportion of positive screens detected for each strategy when presenting complaints are used to select a subset of patients to screen. The horizontal axis adds complaints one at a time in descending order of complaint sensitivity in detecting positive screens (Strategy 1), and proportion positive screens when the complaint is present (Strategy 2).
Figure 1
Figure 2
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Conclusions
Based on this large, multicenter study, chief complaints provide little assistance in targeting SBIRT for alcohol or drug use in the ED.
Trial Registration
NCT01207791
Funding
NIDA CTN U10DA015833
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NIDA CTN U10DA013035
NIAAA K23AA022989
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Do chief complaints allow targeting of SBIRT in the Emergency Department?
verfasst von
Ryan McCormack Phoebe Gauthier Bridget McClure Lauren Moy Mei-Chen Hu Martina Pavlicova Edward V Nunes David A Thompson Raul Mandler Michael Bogenschutz Gail D'Onofrio John Rotrosen
