nach oben

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®

Erschienen in:

01.12.2014 | Symposium: ABJS Carl T. Brighton Workshop on Implant Wear and Tribocorrosion of Total Joint Replacements

Do Genetic Susceptibility, Toll-like Receptors, and Pathogen-associated Molecular Patterns Modulate the Effects of Wear?

verfasst von: Edward M. Greenfield, PhD

Erschienen in: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® | Ausgabe 12/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background

Overwhelming evidence supports the concept that wear particles are the primary initiator of aseptic loosening of orthopaedic implants. It is likely, however, that other factors modulate the biologic response to wear particles. This review focuses on three potential other factors: genetic susceptibility, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

Where Are We Now?

Considerable evidence is emerging that both genetic susceptibility and TLR activation are important factors that modulate the biologic response to wear particles, but it remains controversial whether bacterial PAMPs also do so.

Where Do We Need to Go?

Detailed understanding of the roles of these other factors may lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets for patients with aseptic loosening.

How Do We Get There?

Highest priority should be given to polymorphism replication studies with large numbers of patients and studies to replicate the reported correlation between bacterial biofilms and the severity of aseptic loosening.

Alley C, Haggard W, Smith R. Effect of UHMWPE particle size, dose, and endotoxin on in vitro macrophage response. J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2014;24:45–56.PubMed

Anonymous. Orthopaedic device forum meeting summation report. Bethesda, MD. 2003 [updated April 28, 2004]. Available at: https://www.orthopaedicdeviceforum.org/novsum03.htm. Accessed November 13, 2011.

Anonymous. Prevention of late PJI. J Orthop Res. 2014;32(Suppl 1):S158-S171.

Bachmann HS, Hanenkamp S, Kornacki B, Frey UH, Bau M, Siffert W, Wedemeyer C. Gender-dependent association of the gnas1 t393c polymorphism with early aseptic loosening after total hip arthroplasty. J Orthop Res. 2008;26:1562–1568.PubMed

Baker-Lepain JC, Lynch JA, Parimi N, Mcculloch CE, Nevitt MC, Corr M, Lane NE. Variant alleles of the wnt antagonist frzb are determinants of hip shape and modify the relationship between hip shape and osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:1457–1465.PubMedCentralPubMed

Barao VA, Mathew MT, Yuan JC, Knoernschild KL, Assuncao WG, Wimmer MA, Sukotjo C. Influence of corrosion on lipopolysaccharide affinity for two different titanium materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2013;110:462–470.PubMed

Bauer T. Particles and periimplant bone resorption. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;405:138–143.PubMed

Bi Y, Seabold JM, Kaar SC, Ragab AA, Goldberg VM, Anderson JM, Greenfield EM. Adherent endotoxin on orthopaedic wear particles stimulates cytokine production and osteoclast differentiation. J Bone Miner Res. 2001;16:2082–2091.PubMed

Bianchi ME. DAMPs, PAMPs and alarmins: all we need to know about danger. J Leukoc Biol. 2007;81:1–5.PubMed

10.

Bohm E, Zhu N, Gu J, De Guia N, Linton C, Anderson T, Paton D, Dunbar M. Does adding antibiotics to cement reduce the need for early revision in total knee arthroplasty? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472:162–168.PubMed

11.

Bonsignore LA, Anderson JR, Lee Z, Goldberg VM, Greenfield EM. Adherent lipopolysaccharide inhibits the osseointegration of orthopedic implants by impairing osteoblast differentiation. Bone. 2013;52:93–101.PubMedCentralPubMed

12.

Brusca SB, Abramson SB, Scher JU. Microbiome and mucosal inflammation as extra-articular triggers for rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2014;26:101–107.PubMed

13.

Caicedo MS, Desai R, Mcallister K, Reddy A, Jacobs JJ, Hallab NJ. Soluble and particulate Co-Cr-Mo alloy implant metals activate the inflammasome danger signaling pathway in human macrophages: a novel mechanism for implant debris reactivity. J Orthop Res. 2009;27:847–854.PubMed

14.

Cani PD, Osto M, Geurts L, Everard A. Involvement of gut microbiota in the development of low-grade inflammation and type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. Gut Microbes. 2012;3:279–288.PubMedCentralPubMed

15.

Charlebois SJ, Daniels AU, Smith RA. Metabolic heat production as a measure of macrophage response to particles from orthopedic implant materials. J Biomed Mater Res. 2002;59:166–175.PubMed

16.

Chen T, Rimpilainen M, Luukkainen R, Mottonen T, Yli-Jama T, Jalava J, Vainio O, Toivanen P. Bacterial components in the synovial tissue of patients with advanced rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis: analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and pan-bacterial polymerase chain reaction. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;49:328–334.PubMed

17.

Chiu R, Goodman SB. Biological response of osteoblasts and osteoprogenitors to orthopaedic wear debris. In: Lin Y, ed. Osteogenesis. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech; 2012:183–222.

18.

Clarke TB, Davis KM, Lysenko ES, Zhou AY, Yu Y, Weiser JN. Recognition of peptidoglycan from the microbiota by nod1 enhances systemic innate immunity. Nat Med. 2010;16:228–231.PubMed

19.

Daniels AU, Barnes FH, Charlebois SJ, Smith RA. Macrophage cytokine response to particles and lipopolysaccharide in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res. 2000;49:469–478.PubMed

20.

Del Buono A, Denaro V, Maffulli N. Genetic susceptibility to aseptic loosening following total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review. Br Med Bull. 2012;101:39–55.PubMed

21.

Dempsey K, Riggio M, Lennon A, Hannah V, Ramage G, Allan D, Bagg J. Identification of bacteria on the surface of clinically infected and non-infected prosthetic hip joints removed during revision arthroplasties by 16 s rrna gene sequencing and by microbiological culture. Arthritis Res Ther. 2007;9:R46.PubMedCentralPubMed

22.

Ding H, Zhu Z, Tang T, Yu D, Yu B, Dai K. Comparison of the cytotoxic and inflammatory responses of titanium particles with different methods for endotoxin removal in raw264.7 macrophages. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2012;23:1055–1062.PubMed

23.

Engesaeter LB, Lie SA, Espehaug B, Furnes O, Vollset SE, Havelin LI. Antibiotic prophylaxis in total hip arthroplasty. Acta Orthop Scand. 2003;74:644–651.PubMed

24.

Erridge C. Endogenous ligands of TLR2 and TLR4: agonists or assistants? J Leukoc Biol. 2010;87:989–999.PubMed

25.

Erridge C. Diet, commensals and the intestine as sources of pathogen-associated molecular patterns in atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Atherosclerosis. 2011;216:1–6.PubMed

26.

Fishman D, Faulds G, Jeffery R, Mohamed-Ali V, Yudkin JS, Humphries S, Woo P. The effect of novel polymorphisms in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene on IL-6 transcription and plasma IL-6 levels, and an association with systemic-onset juvenile chronic arthritis. J Clin Invest. 1998;102:1369–1376.PubMedCentralPubMed

27.

Gallo J, Mrazek F, Petrek M. Variation in cytokine genes can contribute to severity of acetabular osteolysis and risk for revision in patients with ABG 1 total hip arthroplasty: a genetic association study. BMC Med Genet. 2009;10:109.PubMedCentralPubMed

28.

Ganal SC, Sanos SL, Kallfass C, Oberle K, Johner C, Kirschning C, Lieenklaus S, Weiss S, Staeheli P, Aichele P, Diefenbach A. Priming of natural killer cells by nonmucosal mononuclear phagocytes requires instructive signals from commensal microbiota. Immunity. 2012;37:171–186.PubMed

29.

Geerts SO, Nys M, De MP, Charpentier J, Albert A, Legrand V, Rompen EH. Systemic release of endotoxins induced by gentle mastication: association with periodontitis severity. J Periodontol. 2002;73:73–78.PubMed

30.

Godoy-Santos AL, D’Elia CO, Teixeira WJ, Cabrita HB, Camanho GL. Aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty: preliminary genetic investigation. J Arthroplasty. 2009;24:297–302.PubMed

31.

Gordon A, Greenfield EM, Eastell R, Kiss-Toth E, Wilkinson JM. Individual susceptibility to periprosthetic osteolysis is associated with altered patterns of innate immune gene expression in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. J Orthop Res. 2010;28:1127–1135.PubMed

32.

Gordon A, Kiss-Toth E, Stockley I, Eastell R, Wilkinson JM. Polymorphisms in the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-6 genes affect risk of osteolysis in patients with total hip arthroplasty. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:3157–3165.PubMed

33.

Gordon A, Southam L, Loughlin J, Wilson A, Stockley I, Hamer A, Eastell R, Wilkinson J. Variation in the secreted frizzled-related protein-3 gene and risk of osteolysis and heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty. J Orthop Res. 2007;25:1665–1670.PubMed

34.

Grandjean-Laquerriere A, Tabary O, Jacquot J, Richard D, Frayssinet P, Guenounou M, Laurent-Maquin D, Laquerriere P, Gangloff S. Involvement of Toll-like receptor 4 in the inflammatory reaction induced by hydroxyapatite particles. Biomaterials. 2007;28:400–404.PubMed

35.

Greenfield E. Particulate matter and host reactions. In: Wnek G, Bowlin G, eds. Encyclopedia of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering. New York, NY, USA: Taylor & Francis; 2006.

36.

Greenfield E, Bechtold J. What other biological and mechanical factors might contribute to osteolysis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2008;16:S56–S62.PubMed

37.

Greenfield EM, Beidelschies MA, Tatro JM, Goldberg VM, Hise AG. Bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulate biological activity of orthopaedic wear particles by activating cognate Toll-like receptors. J Biol Chem. 2010;285:32378–32384.PubMedCentralPubMed

38.

Greenfield EM, Bi Y, Ragab AA, Goldberg VM, Vandemotter RR. The role of osteoclast differentiation in aseptic loosening. J Orthop Res. 2002;20:1–8.PubMed

39.

Hallab N, Merritt K, Jacobs J. Metal sensitivity in patients with orthopaedic implants. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83:428–436.PubMed

40.

Hao HN, Zheng B, Nasser S, Ren W, Latteier M, Wooley P, Morawa L. The roles of monocytic heat shock protein 60 and Toll-like receptors in the regional inflammation response to wear debris particles. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010;92:1373–1381.PubMed

41.

Harder S, Quabius ES, Ossenkop L, Mehl C, Kern M. Surface contamination of dental implants assessed by gene expression analysis in a whole-blood in vitro assay: a preliminary study. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39:987–994.PubMed

42.

Henao-Mejia J, Elinav E, Jin C, Hao L, Mehal WZ, Strowig T, Thaiss CA, Kau AL, Eisenbarth SC, Jurczak MJ, Camporez JP, Shulman GI, Gordon JI, Hoffman HM, Flavell RA. Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature. 2012;482:179–185.PubMedCentralPubMed

43.

Hoenders CS, Harmsen MC, Van Luyn MJ. The local inflammatory environment and microorganisms in ‘aseptic’ loosening of hip prostheses. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2008;86:291–301.PubMed

44.

Howie DW, Neale SD, Stamenkov R, Mcgee MA, Taylor DJ, Findlay DM. Progression of acetabular periprosthetic osteolytic lesions measured with computed tomography. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:1818–1825.PubMed

45.

Illgen RL 2nd, Bauer LM, Hotujec BT, Kolpin SE, Bakhtiar A, Forsythe TM. Highly crosslinked vs conventional polyethylene particles: relative in vivo inflammatory response. J Arthroplasty. 2009;24:117–124.PubMed

46.

Ise K, Kawanabe K, Matsusaki T, Shimizu M, Onishi E, Nakamura T. Patient sensitivity to polyethylene particles with cemented total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2007;22:966–973.PubMed

47.

Jacovides CL, Kreft R, Adeli B, Hozack B, Ehrlich GD, Parvizi J. Successful identification of pathogens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based electron spray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) in culture-negative periprosthetic joint infection. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94:2247–2254.PubMed

48.

Kaar SG, Ragab AA, Kaye SJ, Kilic BA, Jinno T, Goldberg VM, Bi Y, Stewart MC, Carter JR, Greenfield EM. Rapid repair of titanium particle-induced osteolysis is dramatically reduced in aged mice. J Orthop Res. 2001;19:171–178.PubMed

49.

Kadoya Y, Revell PA, Al-Saffer N, Kobayashi A, Scott G, Freeman MA. Bone formation and bone resorption in failed total joint arthroplasties: histomorphometric analysis with histochemical and immunohistochemical technique. J Orthop Res. 1996;14:473–482.PubMed

50.

Kawai M, Modder UI, Khosla S, Rosen CJ. Emerging therapeutic opportunities for skeletal restoration. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2011;10:141–156.PubMedCentralPubMed

51.

Kawai T, Akira S. The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors. Nat Immunol. 2010;11:373–384.PubMed

52.

Kelly CJ, Colgan SP, Frank DN. Of microbes and meals: the health consequences of dietary endotoxemia. Nutr Clin Pract. 2012;27:215–225.PubMedCentralPubMed

53.

Kiss-Toth E, Harlock E, Lath D, Quertermous T, Wilkinson JM. A TNF variant that associates with susceptibility to musculoskeletal disease modulates thyroid hormone receptor binding to control promoter activation. PLoS One. 2013;8:e76034.PubMedCentralPubMed

54.

Kobayashi N, Procop GW, Krebs V, Kobayashi H, Bauer TW. Molecular identification of bacteria from aseptically loose implants. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466:1716–1725.PubMedCentralPubMed

55.

Kobayashi S, Takaoka K, Saito N, Hisa K. Factors affecting aseptic failure of fixation after primary charnley total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;79:1618–1627.PubMed

56.

Kolundzic R, Orlic D, Trkulja V, Pavelic K, Troselj KG. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the interleukin-6 gene promoter, tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter, and transforming growth factor-beta1 gene signal sequence as predictors of time to onset of aseptic loosening after total hip arthroplasty: preliminary study. J Orthop Sci. 2006;11:592–600.PubMed

57.

Lahdeoja T, Pajarinen J, Kouri VP, Sillat T, Salo J, Konttinen YT. Toll-like receptors and aseptic loosening of hip endoprosthesis-a potential to respond against danger signals? J Orthop Res. 2010;28:184–190.PubMed

58.

Li YJ, Azuma A, Usuki J, Abe S, Matsuda K, Sunazuka T, Shimizu T, Hirata Y, Inagaki H, Kawada T, Takahashi S, Kudoh S, Omura S. EM703 improves bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by the inhibition of TGF-beta signaling in lung fibroblasts. Respir Res. 2006;7:16.PubMedCentralPubMed

59.

Lieder R, Petersen PH, Sigurjonsson OE. Endotoxins—the invisible companion in biomaterials research. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2013;19:391–402.PubMed

60.

Liu S, Virdi AS, Sena K, Sumner DR. Sclerostin antibody prevents particle-induced implant loosening by stimulating bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption in a rat model. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:4012–4020.PubMed

61.

Lopez-Boado YS, Rubin BK. Macrolides as immunomodulatory medications for the therapy of chronic lung diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2008;8:286–291.PubMed

62.

Macinnes S, Gordon A, Wilkinson J. Risk factors for aseptic loosening following total hip arthroplasty. In: Fokter S, ed. Recent Advances in Arthroplasty. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech; 2012:275–294.

63.

Macpherson AJ, Harris NL. Interactions between commensal intestinal bacteria and the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004;4:478–485.PubMed

64.

Maitra R, Clement CC, Crisi GM, Cobelli N, Santambrogio L. Immunogenecity of modified alkane polymers is mediated through TLR1/2 activation. PLoS One. 2008;3:e2438.PubMedCentralPubMed

65.

Maitra R, Clement CC, Scharf B, Crisi GM, Chitta S, Paget D, Purdue PE, Cobelli N, Santambrogio L. Endosomal damage and TLR2 mediated inflammasome activation by alkane particles in the generation of aseptic osteolysis. Mol Immunol. 2009;47:175–184.PubMedCentralPubMed

66.

Malik MH, Bayat A, Jury F, Kay PR, Ollier WE. Genetic susceptibility to total hip arthroplasty failure—positive association with mannose-binding lectin. J Arthroplasty. 2007;22:265–270.PubMed

67.

Malik MH, Bayat A, Jury F, Ollier WE, Kay PR. Genetic susceptibility to hip arthroplasty failure—association with the rank/opg pathway. Int Orthop. 2006;30:177–181.PubMedCentralPubMed

68.

Malik MH, Jury F, Bayat A, Ollier WE, Kay PR. Genetic susceptibility to total hip arthroplasty failure: a preliminary study on the influence of matrix metalloproteinase 1, interleukin 6 polymorphisms and vitamin d receptor. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66:1116–1120.PubMedCentralPubMed

69.

Matzinger P. Friendly and dangerous signals: is the tissue in control? Nat Immunol. 2007;8:11–13.PubMed

70.

Mazmanian SK, Liu CH, Tzianabos AO, Kasper DL. An immunomodulatory molecule of symbiotic bacteria directs maturation of the host immune system. Cell. 2005;122:107–118.PubMed

71.

Moreira AP, Texeira TF, Ferreira AB, Peluzio Mdo C, Alfenas Rde C. Influence of a high-fat diet on gut microbiota, intestinal permeability and metabolic endotoxaemia. Br J Nutr. 2012;108:801–809.PubMed

72.

Mrazek F, Gallo J, Stahelova A, Petrek M. Functional variants of the P2RX7 gene, aseptic osteolysis, and revision of the total hip arthroplasty: a preliminary study. Hum Immunol. 2010;71:201–205.PubMed

73.

Nalepka J, Lee M, Kraay M, Marcus R, Goldberg V, Chen X, Greenfield E. Lipopolysaccharide found in aseptic loosening patients with inflammatory arthritis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;451:229–235.PubMed

74.

Neut D, Vanhorn JR, Vankooten TG, Vandermei HC, Busscher HJ. Detection of biomaterial-associated infections in orthopaedic joint implants. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;413:261–268.PubMed

75.

Nich C, Takakubo Y, Pajarinen J, Ainola M, Salem A, Sillat T, Rao AJ, Raska M, Tamaki Y, Takagi M, Konttinen YT, Goodman SB, Gallo J. Macrophages–key cells in the response to wear debris from joint replacements. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2013;101:3033–3045.PubMedCentralPubMed

76.

Obst U, Marten SM, Niessner C, Hartwig E. Bacterial DNA from orthopedic implants after routine removal. Int J Artif Organs. 2011;34:856–862.PubMed

77.

Obst U, Marten SM, Niessner C, Hartwig E, Korsch M, Walther W. Diversity of patients microflora on orthopaedic and dental implants. Int J Artif Organs. 2012;35:727–734.PubMed

78.

Olsen I, Snorrason F, Lingaas E. Should patients with hip joint prosthesis receive antibiotic prophylaxis before dental treatment? J Oral Microbiol. 2010;2.

79.

O’Neill L, Bowie A. The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007;7:353–364.PubMed

80.

Pajarinen J, Cenni E, Savarino L, Gomez-Barrena E, Tamaki Y, Takagi M, Salo J, Konttinen YT. Profile of Toll-like receptor-positive cells in septic and aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty implants. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010;94:84–92.PubMed

81.

Pajarinen J, Kouri VP, Jamsen E, Li TF, Mandelin J, Konttinen YT. The response of macrophages to titanium particles is determined by macrophage polarization. Acta Biomater. 2013;9:9229–9240.PubMed

82.

Pearl JI, Ma T, Irani AR, Huang Z, Robinson WH, Smith RL, Goodman SB. Role of the toll-like receptor pathway in the recognition of orthopedic implant wear-debris particles. Biomaterials. 2011;32:5535–5542.PubMedCentralPubMed

83.

Pijls BG, Nieuwenhuijse MJ, Fiocco M, Plevier JW, Middeldorp S, Nelissen RG, Valstar ER. Early proximal migration of cups is associated with late revision in THA: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 26 RSA studies and 49 survival studies. Acta Orthop. 2012;83:583–591.PubMedCentralPubMed

84.

Piya MK, Harte AL, Mcternan PG. Metabolic endotoxaemia: is it more than just a gut feeling? Curr Opin Lipidol. 2013;24:78–85.PubMed

85.

Potnis PA, Dutta DK, Wood SC. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway mediates proinflammatory immune response to cobalt-alloy particles. Cell Immunol. 2013;282:53–65.PubMed

86.

Qidwai T, Khan F. Tumour necrosis factor gene polymorphism and disease prevalence. Scand J Immunol. 2011;74:522–547.PubMed

87.

Ragab AA, Vandemotter R, Lavish SA, Goldberg VM, Ninomiya JT, Carlin CR, Greenfield EM. Measurement and removal of adherent endotoxin from titanium particles and implant surfaces. J Orthop Res. 1999;17:803–809.PubMed

88.

Raghavan B, Martin SF, Esser PR, Goebeler M, Schmidt M. Metal allergens nickel and cobalt facilitate tlr4 homodimerization independently of md2. EMBO Rep. 2012;13:1109–1115.PubMedCentralPubMed

89.

Ren W, Blasier R, Peng X, Shi T, Wooley PH, Markel D. Effect of oral erythromycin therapy in patients with aseptic loosening of joint prostheses. Bone. 2009;44:671–677.PubMed

90.

Ren W, Li XH, Chen BD, Wooley PH. Erythromycin inhibits wear debris-induced osteoclastogenesis by modulation of murine macrophage nf-kappab activity. J Orthop Res. 2004;22:21–29.PubMed

91.

Ren W, Wu B, Peng X, Mayton L, Yu D, Ren J, Chen BD, Wooley PH. Erythromycin inhibits wear debris-induced inflammatory osteolysis in a murine model. J Orthop Res. 2006;24:280–290.PubMed

92.

Rivera-Chavez FA, Peters-Hybki DL, Barber RC, O’Keefe GE. Interleukin-6 promoter haplotypes and interleukin-6 cytokine responses. Shock. 2003;20:218–223.PubMedCentralPubMed

93.

Ross VC, Twohy CW. Endotoxins and medical devices. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1985;189:267–281.PubMed

94.

Sapadin AN, Fleischmajer R. Tetracyclines: nonantibiotic properties and their clinical implications. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54:258–265.PubMed

95.

Scherrer CB, Mannion AF, Kyburz D, Vogt M, Kramers-De Quervain IA. Infection risk after orthopedic surgery in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65:2032–2040.

96.

Schrijver IA, Melief MJ, Tak PP, Hazenberg MP, Laman JD. Antigen-presenting cells containing bacterial peptidoglycan in synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis patients coexpress costimulatory molecules and cytokines. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:2160–2168.PubMed

97.

Shen H, Liu Y, Liu P, Recker R, Deng H. Nonreplication in genetic studies of complex diseases-lessons learned from studies of osteoporosis and tentative remedies. J Bone Miner Res. 2005;20:365–376.PubMed

98.

Sierra JM, Garcia S, Martinez-Pastor JC, Tomas X, Gallart X, Vila J, Bori G, Macule F, Mensa J, Riba J, Soriano A. Relationship between the degree of osteolysis and cultures obtained by sonication of the prostheses in patients with aseptic loosening of a hip or knee arthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2011;131:1357–1361.PubMed

99.

Silkov AN, Sennikova NS, Goreva EP, Lopatnikova YA, Sennikov SV. Production of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in carriers of different allele variants of the gene. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2012;153:68–71.PubMed

100.

Skoglund B, Larsson L, Aspenberg PA. Bone-resorptive effects of endotoxin-contaminated high-density polyethylene particles spontaneously eliminated in vivo. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84:767–773.PubMed

101.

Sorbara MT, Philpott DJ. Peptidoglycan: a critical activator of the mammalian immune system during infection and homeostasis. Immunol Rev. 2011;243:40–60.PubMed

102.

Taki N, Tatro JM, Nalepka JL, Togawa D, Goldberg VM, Rimnac CM, Greenfield EM. Polyethylene and titanium particles induce osteolysis by similar, lymphocyte-independent, mechanisms. J Orthop Res. 2005;23:376–383.PubMed

103.

Tamaki Y, Takakubo Y, Goto K, Hirayama T, Sasaki K, Konttinen J, Goodman S, Takagi M. Increased expression of toll-like receptors in aseptic loose periprosthetic tissues and septic synovial membranes around total hip implants. J Rheumatol. 2009;36:598–608.PubMed

104.

Tatro J, Taki N, Islam A, Goldberg V, Rimnac C, Doerschuk C, Stewart M, Greenfield E. The balance between endotoxin accumulation and clearance during particle-induced osteolysis in murine calvaria. J Orthop Res. 2007;25:361–369.PubMed

105.

Terry CF, Loukaci V, Green FR. Cooperative influence of genetic polymorphisms on interleukin 6 transcriptional regulation. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:18138–18144.PubMed

106.

Toivanen P. Normal intestinal microbiota in the aetiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:807–811.PubMedCentralPubMed

107.

Trampuz A, Piper K, Jacobson M, Hanssen A, Unni K, Osmon D, Mandrekar J, Cockerill F, Steckelberg J, Greenleaf J, Patel R. Sonication of removed hip and knee prostheses for diagnosis of infection. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:654–663.PubMed

108.

Tuan RS, Lee FY, Y TK, Wilkinson JM, Smith RL; Implant Wear Symposium Biologic Work Group. What are the local and systemic biologic reactions and mediators to wear debris, and what host factors determine or modulate the biologic response to wear particles? J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2008;16(Suppl 1):S42-S48.PubMedCentralPubMed

109.

Tunney MM, Patrick S, Curran MD, Ramage G, Hanna D, Nixon JR, Gorman SP, Davis RI, Anderson N. Detection of prosthetic hip infection at revision arthroplasty by immunofluorescence microscopy and pcr amplification of the bacterial 16s rrna gene. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37:3281–3290.PubMedCentralPubMed

110.

Tyson-Capper AJ, Lawrence H, Holland JP, Deehan DJ, Kirby JA. Metal-on-metal hips: cobalt can induce an endotoxin-like response. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:460–461.PubMed

111.

Wilkinson JM, Hamer AJ, Stockley I, Eastell R. Polyethylene wear rate and osteolysis: critical threshold versus continuous dose-response relationship. J Orthop Res. 2005;23:520–525.PubMed

112.

Wilkinson JM, Wilson A, Stockley I, Scott I, Macdonald D, Hamer A, Duff G, Eastell R. Variation in the tnf gene promoter and risk of osteolysis after total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18:1995–2001.PubMed

113.

Wilson KW, Wilson MR, Mcglasson DL. Serum endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-6 response to total hip arthroplasty. Mil Med. 1993;158:712–716.PubMed

114.

Xing Z, Pabst M, Hasty K, Smith R. Accumulation of LPS by polyethylene particles decreases bone attachment to implants. J Orthop Res. 2006;24:959–966.PubMed

115.

Xu XL, Lee RT, Fang HM, Wang YM, Li R, Zou H, Zhu Y, Wang Y. Bacterial peptidoglycan triggers candida albicans hyphal growth by directly activating the adenylyl cyclase Cyr1p. Cell Host Microbe. 2008;4:28–39.PubMed

116.

Zondervan KT, Cardon LR. The complex interplay among factors that influence allelic association. Nat Rev Genet. 2004;5:89–100.PubMed

Titel: Do Genetic Susceptibility, Toll-like Receptors, and Pathogen-associated Molecular Patterns Modulate the Effects of Wear?
verfasst von: Edward M. Greenfield, PhD
Publikationsdatum: 01.12.2014
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® / Ausgabe 12/2014
Print ISSN: 0009-921X
Elektronische ISSN: 1528-1132
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-014-3786-4

Arthropedia

Grundlagenwissen der Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie. Erweitert durch Fallbeispiele, Videos und Abbildungen.
» Jetzt entdecken

Neu im Fachgebiet Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Arthroskopie kann Knieprothese nicht hinauszögern

25.04.2024 Gonarthrose Nachrichten

Ein arthroskopischer Eingriff bei Kniearthrose macht im Hinblick darauf, ob und wann ein Gelenkersatz fällig wird, offenbar keinen Unterschied.

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

25.04.2024 Hypertonie Nachrichten

Beginnen ältere Männer im Pflegeheim eine Antihypertensiva-Therapie, dann ist die Frakturrate in den folgenden 30 Tagen mehr als verdoppelt. Besonders häufig stürzen Demenzkranke und Männer, die erstmals Blutdrucksenker nehmen. Dafür spricht eine Analyse unter US-Veteranen.

Ärztliche Empathie hilft gegen Rückenschmerzen

23.04.2024 Leitsymptom Rückenschmerzen Nachrichten

Personen mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen, die von einfühlsamen Ärzten und Ärztinnen betreut werden, berichten über weniger Beschwerden und eine bessere Lebensqualität.

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Background

Where Are We Now?

Where Do We Need to Go?

How Do We Get There?

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 12/2014

Are There Biological Markers for Wear or Corrosion? A Systematic Review

CORR Insights®: Comorbidities in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: Do They Influence Hospital Costs and Length of Stay?

Art in Science: The Gross Clinic by Thomas Eakins

An Analysis of References Used for the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination: What are Their Levels of Evidence and Journal Impact Factors?

Fracture Reduction and Primary Ankle Arthrodesis: A Reliable Approach for Severely Comminuted Tibial Pilon Fracture