nach oben

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

Erschienen in:

04.07.2016 | Original Article

Effort–reward imbalance, cortisol secretion, and inflammatory activity in police officers with 24-h work shifts

verfasst von: Shuhei Izawa, Akizumi Tsutsumi, Namiko Ogawa

Erschienen in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health | Ausgabe 7/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

Accumulating evidence shows that effort–reward imbalance (ERI) at work can cause various health problems. However, few studies have investigated the biological pathways linking ERI and health outcomes, and their findings have been inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the associations between ERI, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis, and inflammation in a sample of police officers.

Methods

One hundred forty-two male police officers that were engaged in a working system of 24-h shifts were followed up during the work shift as well as during the two subsequent work-free days. Throughout this period, the participants provided two saliva samples each day for the 3-day period, and we measured the concentrations of cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the saliva. The police officers also completed the Japanese short version of the Effort–Reward Imbalance Questionnaire.

Results

The results of linear mixed model analyses controlled for possible confounding variables indicated that higher effort scores (p = 0.031) as well as effort–reward ratio (p = 0.080) were associated with lower cortisol levels, and the effect of effort was strengthened in the younger police officers (p = 0.017). Furthermore, higher effort scores were associated with higher CRP levels in younger police officers (p = 0.037).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that effort, a component of ERI, has physiological effects in younger police officers, which possibly contribute to the development of stress-related diseases.

Almadi T, Cathers I, Hamdan Mansour AM, Chow CM (2012) The association between work stress and inflammatory biomarkers in Jordanian male workers. Psychophysiology 49:172–177. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01296.x CrossRef

Bellingrath S, Weigl T, Kudielka BM (2008) Cortisol dysregulation in school teachers in relation to burnout, vital exhaustion, and effort-reward-imbalance. Biol Psychol 78:104–113. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.01.006 CrossRef

Bellingrath S, Rohleder N, Kudielka BM (2013) Effort-reward-imbalance in healthy teachers is associated with higher LPS-stimulated production and lower glucocorticoid sensitivity of interleukin-6 in vitro. Biol Psychol 92:403–409. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.12.003 CrossRef

Chandola T, Britton A, Brunner E, Hemingway H, Malik M, Kumari M et al (2008) Work stress and coronary heart disease: what are the mechanism? Eur Heart J 29:640–648. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm584 CrossRef

Costa G, Ghirlanda G, Tarondi G, Minors D, Waterhouse J (1994) Evaluation of a rapidly rotating shift system for tolerance of nurses to nightwork. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 65:305–311CrossRef

Dickerson SS, Kemeny ME (2004) Acute stressors and cortisol responses: a theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychol Bull 130:355–391CrossRef

Eller NH, Netterstrøm B, Hansen AM (2006) Psychosocial factors at home and at work and levels of salivary cortisol. Biol Psychol 73:280–287CrossRef

Eller NH, Nielsen SF, Blønd M, Nielsen ML, Hansen ÅM, Netterstrøm B (2012) Effort reward imbalance, and salivary cortisol in the morning. Biol Psychol 89:342–348. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.11.007 CrossRef

Franke WD, Collins SA, Hinz PN (1998) Cardiovascular disease morbidity in an Iowa law enforcement cohort, compared with the general Iowa population. J Occup Environ Med 40:441–444CrossRef

Franke WD, Ramey SL, Shelley MC 2nd (2002) Relationship between cardiovascular disease morbidity, risk factors, and stress in a law enforcement cohort. J Occup Environ Med 44:1182–1189CrossRef

Fries E, Dettenborn L, Kirschbaum C (2009) The cortisol awakening response (CAR): facts and future directions. Int J Psychophysiol 72:67–73. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.03.014 CrossRef

Hamer M, Williams E, Vuonovirta R, Giacobazzi P, Gibson EL, Steptoe A (2006) The effects of effort-reward imbalance on inflammatory and cardiovascular responses to mental stress. Psychosom Med 68:408–413CrossRef

Hanson EK, Maas CJ, Meijman TF, Godaert GL (2000) Cortisol secretion throughout the day, perceptions of the work environment, and negative affect. Ann Behav Med 22:316–324CrossRef

Harris A, Ursin H, Murison R, Eriksen HR (2007) Coffee, stress and cortisol in nursing staff. Psychoneuroendocrinology 32:322–330CrossRef

Irie M, Tsutsumi A, Shioji I, Kobayashi F (2004) Effort-reward imbalance and physical health among Japanese workers in a recently downsized corporation. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 77:409–417CrossRef

Izawa S, Miki K, Liu X, Ogawa N (2013) The diurnal patterns of salivary interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in healthy young adults. Brain Behav Immun 27:38–41. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.07.001 CrossRef

Joseph PN, Violanti JM, Donahue R, Andrew ME, Trevisan M, Burchfiel CM et al (2009) Police work and subclinical atherosclerosis. J Occup Environ Med 51:700–707CrossRef

Karlson B, Lindfors P, Riva R, Mellner C, Theorell T (2012) Psychosocial work stressors and salivary cortisol. In: Kristenson M, Garvin P, Lundberg U (eds) The role of saliva cortisol measurement in health and disease. Bentham Science Publishers, Bussum, pp 43–66

Kunz-Ebrecht SR, Kirschbaum C, Marmot M, Steptoe A (2004) Differences in cortisol awakening response on work days and weekends in women and men from the Whitehall II cohort. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29:516–528CrossRef

Kuper H, Marmot M (2003) Job strain, job demands, decision latitude, and risk of coronary heart disease within the Whitehall II study. J Epidemiol Community Health 57:147–153CrossRef

Kuper H, Singh-Manoux A, Siegrist J, Marmot M (2002) When reciprocity fails: effort-reward imbalance in relation to coronary heart disease and health functioning within the Whitehall II study. Occup Environ Med 59:777–784CrossRef

Leese G, Chattington P, Fraser W, Vora J, Edwards R, Williams G (1996) Short-term night-shift working mimics the pituitary-adrenocortical dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:1867–1870

Lennartsson AK, Sjörs A, Währborg P, Ljung T, Jonsdottir IH (2015) Burnout and hypocortisolism—a matter of severity? A study on ACTH and cortisol responses to acute psychosocial stress. Front Psychiatry 6:8. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00008 CrossRef

Maina G, Bovenzi M, Palmas A, Larese Filon F (2009) Associations between two job stress models and measures of salivary cortisol. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 82:1141–1150. doi:10.1007/s00420-009-0439-0 CrossRef

Maina G, Bovenzi M, Palmas A, Rossi F, Filon FL (2012) Psychosocial environment and health: methodological variability of the salivary cortisol measurements. Toxicol Lett 213:21–26. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.08.019 CrossRef

Marchand A, Juster RP, Durand P, Lupien SJ (2016) Work stress models and diurnal cortisol variations: the SALVEO study. J Occup Health Psychol 21:182–193. doi:10.1037/a0039674 CrossRef

McEwen BS (2000) Allostasis and allostatic load: implications for neuropsychopharmacology. Neuropsychopharmacology 22:108–124CrossRef

Munakata M, Ichi S, Nunokawa T, Saito Y, Ito N, Fukudo S et al (2001) Influence of night shift work on psychologic state and cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses in healthy nurses. Hypertens Res 24:25–31CrossRef

Nakata A (2012) Psychosocial job stress and immunity: a systematic review. Methods Mol Biol 934:39–75. doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-071-7_3 CrossRef

Ota A, Mase J, Howteerakul N, Rajatanun T, Suwannapong N, Yatsuya H et al (2014) The effort-reward imbalance work-stress model and daytime salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) among Japanese women. Sci Rep 4:6402. doi:10.1038/srep06402 CrossRef

Ouellet-Morin I, Danese A, Williams B, Arseneault L (2011) Validation of a high-sensitivity assay for C-reactive protein in human saliva. Brain Behav Immun 25:640–646. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.12.020 CrossRef

Pruessner JC, Wolf OT, Hellhammer DH, Buske-Kirschbaum A, von Auer K, Jobst S et al (1997) Free cortisol levels after awakening: a reliable biological marker for the assessment of adrenocortical activity. Life Sc 61:2539–2549CrossRef

Punyadeera C, Dimeski G, Kostner K, Beyerlein P, Cooper-White J (2011) One-step homogeneous C-reactive protein assay for saliva. J Immunol Methods 373:19–25. doi:10.1016/j.jim.2011.07.013 CrossRef

Sapolsky RM, Romero LM, Munck AU (2000) How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions. Endocr Rev 21:55–89

Schlotz W, Hellhammer J, Schulz P, Stone AA (2004) Perceived work overload and chronic worrying predict weekend-weekday differences in the cortisol awakening response. Psychosom Med 66:207–214CrossRef

Segerstrom SC, Miller GE (2004) Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychol Bull 130:601–630CrossRef

Siegrist J (1996) Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions. J Occup Health Psychol 1:27–41CrossRef

Siegrist J, Peter R, Motz W, Strauer BE (1992) The role of hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and psychosocial risks in cardiovascular disease: prospective evidence from blue-collar men. Eur Heart J 13:89–95CrossRef

Siegrist J, Klein D, Voigt KH (1997) Linking sociological with physiological data: the model of effort-reward imbalance at work. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 640:112–116

Steptoe A, Brydon L (2007) Psychosocial factors and coronary heart disease: the role of psychoneuroimmunological processes. In: Ader R (ed) Psychoneuroimmunology, 4th edn. Elsevier Academic Press, MA, pp 945–974CrossRef

Theorell T, Tsutsumi A, Hallquist J, Reuterwall C, Hogstedt C, Fredlund P et al (1998) Decision latitude, job strain, and myocardial infarction: a study of working men in Stockholm. The SHEEP Study Group. Stockholm Heart epidemiology Program. Am J Public Health 88:328–382CrossRef

Theorell T, Hasselhorn HM, Vingård E, Andersson B, the MUSIC-Norrtälje Study Group (2000) Interleukin 6 and cortisol in acute musculoskeletal disorders: results from a case-referent study in Sweden. Stress Med 16:27–35CrossRef

Tsai SS, Lai CH, Shih TS, Lin MH, Liou SH (2014) High job strain is associated with inflammatory markers of disease in young long-haul bus drivers. J Occup Health Psychol 19:336–347. doi:10.1037/a0036600 CrossRef

Tsutsumi A, Ishitake T, Peter R, Siegrist J, Matoba T (2001a) The Japanese version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire: a study in dental technicians. Work Stress 15:86–96CrossRef

Tsutsumi A, Kayaba K, Theorell T, Siegrist J (2001b) Association between job stress and depression among Japanese employees threatened by job loss in a comparison between two complementary job-stress models. Scand J Work Environ Health 27:146–153CrossRef

Tsutsumi A, Nagami M, Morimoto K, Matoba T (2002) Responsiveness of measures in the effort-reward imbalance questionnaire to organizational changes: a validation study. J Psychosom Res 52:249–256CrossRef

Tsutsumi A, Iwata N, Wakita T, Kumagai R, Noguchi H, Kawakami N (2008) Improving the measurement accuracy of the effort-reward imbalance scales. Int J Behav Med 15:109–119. doi:10.1080/10705500801929718 CrossRef

Titel: Effort–reward imbalance, cortisol secretion, and inflammatory activity in police officers with 24-h work shifts
verfasst von: Shuhei Izawa
Akizumi Tsutsumi
Namiko Ogawa
Publikationsdatum: 04.07.2016
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health / Ausgabe 7/2016
Print ISSN: 0340-0131
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1246
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-016-1154-2

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2016

Burnout and health behaviors in health professionals from seven European countries

Does age matter in predicting musculoskeletal disorder risk? An analysis of workplace predictors over 4 years

A longitudinal study on urinary cadmium and renal tubular protein excretion of nickel–cadmium battery workers after cessation of cadmium exposure

Who is working while sick? Nonstandard employment and its association with absenteeism and presenteeism in South Korea

Twenty-four-hour work shifts, increased job demands, and elevated blood pressure in professional firefighters

Ambient and at-the-ear occupational noise exposure and serum lipid levels