Background
Methods
Sample design
Anthropometric measurements and data collection
Statistical methods
Results
Demographic characteristics
Variables | Total n (%) | Men n (%) | Women n (%) |
p valuesc
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) a
| 41.7±14.4 | 41.2±14.5 | 42.2±14.4 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) a
| 23.8±3.7 | 24.2±3.8 | 23.5±3.7 | <0.001 |
WC (cm) a
| 81.4±11.1 | 84.0±10.9 | 78.8±10.6 | <0.001 |
Ethnic | ||||
Han | 23169 (92.0) | 11179 (90.1) | 11990 (93.8) | <0.001 |
Others | 2027 (8.0) | 1234 (9.9) | 793 (6.2) | |
Educational level | ||||
No school | 983 (3.9) | 177 (1.4) | 806 (6.3) | <0.001 |
Primary school | 3225 (12.8) | 1314 (10.6) | 1911 (15.0) | |
Junior high school | 14736 (58.5) | 7434 (59.9) | 7302 (57.1) | |
≥Senior high school | 6252 (24.8) | 3488 (28.1) | 2764 (21.6) | |
Occupation | ||||
Blue-collar worker | 11887 (47.2) | 4732 (38.1) | 7155 (56.0) | <0.001 |
White-collar worker | 4011 (15.9) | 2198 (17.7) | 1813 (14.2) | |
Cadres | 1894 (7.5) | 1188 (9.6) | 706 (5.5) | |
Others | 7404 (29.4) | 4295 (34.6) | 3109 (24.3) | |
Family income/year b
| ||||
<10,000 RMB | 2484 (9.9) | 1376 (11.1) | 1108 (8.7) | <0.001 |
10,000-30,000 RMB | 3286 (13.0) | 1275 (10.3) | 2011 (15.7) | |
30,000-50,000 RMB | 13004 (51.6) | 6522 (52.5) | 6482 (50.7) | |
>50,000RMB | 6422 (25.5) | 3240 (26.1) | 3182 (24.9) | |
Parental obesity | ||||
No | 20178 (80.1) | 9775 (78.8) | 10363 (81.1) | <0.001 |
Yes | 5018 (19.9) | 2638 (21.2) | 2420 (18.9) | |
Physical activity | ||||
Low | 18207 (72.3) | 8638 (69.6) | 9569 (74.9) | <0.001 |
High | 6989 (27.7) | 3775 (30.4) | 3214(25.1) | |
Cigarette smoking | ||||
Never | 17180 (68.2) | 5256 (42.3) | 11924 (93.2) | <0.001 |
Current | 7094 (28.1) | 6356 (51.2) | 738 (5.8) | |
Former | 922 (3.7) | 801 (6.5) | 121 (1.0) | |
Alcohol consumption | ||||
Never | 19240 (76.4) | 6849 (55.2) | 12391 (96.9) | <0.001 |
1 drink per day | 842 (3.3) | 788 (6.3) | 54 (0.4) | |
≥2 drinks per day | 5114 (20.3) | 4776 (38.5) | 338 (2.7) | |
Eat fried foods | ||||
Never | 19820 (78.7) | 8675 (69.9) | 11145 (87.2) | <0.001 |
Yes | 5376 (21.3) | 3738 (30.1) | 1638 (12.8) | |
Have a diet low in fat/calorie | ||||
No | 17365 (68.9) | 8015 (64.6) | 9350 (73.1) | <0.001 |
Yes | 7831 (31.1) | 4398 (35.4) | 3433 (26.9) |
Age (years) | n | BMI (kg/m2) | WC (cm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overweighta
| Obesitya
| Overweightb
| Obesityb
| Abdominal obesitya
| Abdominal obesityb
| ||
Men | |||||||
18-34 | 5028 | 1044 (20.8) | 888 (17.7) | 1584 (31.5) | 348 (6.9) | 1452 (28.9) | 180 (3.6) |
35-44 | 2560 | 507 (19.8) | 405 (15.8) | 778 (30.4) | 134 (5.2) | 809 (31.6) | 162 (6.3) |
45-54 | 2469 | 570 (23.1) | 360 (14.6) | 837 (33.9) | 93 (3.8) | 856 (34.7) | 117 (4.7) |
55-64 | 1426 | 298 (20.9) | 211 (14.8) | 461 (32.3) | 48 (3.4) | 479 (33.6) | 75 (5.3) |
65-74 | 930 | 163 (17.5) | 90 (9.7) | 224 (24.1) | 29 (3.1) | 268 (28.8) | 46 (5.0) |
Total | 12413 | 2582 (20.8) | 1954 (15.7) | 3884 (31.3) | 652 (5.3) | 3864 (31.1) | 580 (4.7) |
Women | |||||||
18-34 | 4792 | 496 (10.4) | 360 (7.5) | 704 (14.7) | 152 (3.2) | 1096 (22.9) | 400 (8.4) |
35-44 | 2693 | 473 (17.6) | 326 (12.1) | 707 (26.3) | 92 (3.4) | 1108 (41.1) | 395 (14.7) |
45-54 | 2689 | 708 (26.3) | 526 (19.6) | 1066 (39.6) | 168 (6.3) | 1556 (57.9) | 644 (24.0) |
55-64 | 1670 | 375 (22.5) | 468 (28.0) | 649 (38.9) | 194 (11.6) | 1225 (73.4) | 746 (44.7) |
65-74 | 939 | 211 (22.5) | 150 (16.0) | 308 (32.8) | 53 (5.6) | 627 (66.8) | 320 (34.1) |
Total | 12783 | 2263 (17.7) | 1830 (14.3) | 3434 (26.9) | 659 (5.2) | 5612 (43.9) | 2505 (19.6) |
All subjects | |||||||
18-34 | 9820 | 1540 (15.7) | 1248 (12.7) | 2288 (23.3) | 500 (5.1) | 2548 (26.0) | 580 (5.9) |
35-44 | 5253 | 980 (18.7) | 731 (13.9) | 1485 (28.3) | 226 (4.3) | 1917 (36.5) | 557 (10.6) |
45-54 | 5158 | 1278 (24.8) | 886 (17.2) | 1903 (36.9) | 261 (5.1) | 2412 (46.8) | 761 (14.8) |
55-64 | 3096 | 673 (21.7) | 679 (21.9) | 1110 (35.9) | 242 (7.8) | 1704 (55.0) | 821 (26.5) |
65-74 | 1869 | 374 (20.0) | 240 (12.8) | 532 (28.5) | 82 (4.4) | 895 (47.9) | 366 (19.6) |
Total | 25196 | 4845 (19.2) | 3784 (15.0) | 7318 (29.0) | 1311 (5.2) | 9476 (37.6) | 3085 (12.2) |
Variables | General obesityb
| Abdominal obesityb
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | OR (95% CI)a
| (%) | OR (95% CI)a
| |
Age-groups (years) | ||||
18-34 | 17.7 | 1.00 | 28.9 | 1.00 |
35-44 | 15.8 | 1.19(1.03-1.37) | 31.6 | 1.50(1.33-1.68) |
45-54 | 14.6 | 1.09(0.94-1.27) | 34.7 | 1.77(1.57-2.00) |
55-64 | 14.8 | 1.29 (1.06-1.56) | 33.6 | 1.87(1.61-2.17) |
65-74 | 9.7 | 0.88(0.67-1.14) | 28.8 | 1.60(1.33-1.92) |
Ethnic | ||||
Han | 16.1 | 1.00 | 31.6 | 1.00 |
Others | 12.7 | 0.83(0.69-0.99) | 26.6 | 0.86(0.75-0.99) |
Educational level | ||||
No school | 9.0 | 1.00 | 20.3 | 1.00 |
Primary school | 9.7 | 1.42(0.80-2.52) | 22.0 | 1.50(1.00-2.25) |
Junior high school | 14.6 | 1.92(1.11-3.31) | 31.6 | 2.36(1.60-3.48) |
≥Senior high school | 20.8 | 2.45(1.40-4.29) | 34.1 | 2.39(1.60-3.56) |
Occupation | ||||
Blue-collar | 13.9 | 1.00 | 27.9 | 1.00 |
White-collar | 20.9 | 1.31(1.12-1.52) | 40.0 | 1.64(1.45-1.85) |
Cadres | 16.7 | 1.33(1.11-1.61) | 34.9 | 1.57(1.36-1.82) |
Others | 14.9 | 1.34(1.18-1.52) | 29.2 | 1.19(1.08-1.31) |
Family income/year c
| ||||
<10,000 RMB | 12.5 | 1.00 | 27.9 | 1.00 |
10,000-30,000 RMB | 13.8 | 0.91(0.72-1.15) | 32.1 | 1.07(0.90-1.27) |
30,000-50,000RMB | 14.1 | 0.78(0.65-0.94) | 30.0 | 0.94(0.82-1.08) |
>50,000RMB | 21.1 | 1.05(0.86-1.29) | 34.4 | 1.04(0.89-1.21) |
Parental obesity | ||||
No | 12.2 | 1.00 | 27.5 | 1.00 |
Yes | 34.4 | 3.51(3.13-3.94) | 50.4 | 2.72 (2.45-3.02) |
Physical activity | ||||
Low | 15.1 | 1.00 | 30.4 | 1.00 |
High | 18.0 | 0.98(0.87-1.10) | 33.7 | 1.00(0.90-1.10) |
Cigarette smoking | ||||
Never | 16.8 | 1.00 | 31.7 | 1.00 |
Current | 13.6 | 0.81(0.72-0.91) | 28.9 | 0.85(0.78-0.93) |
Former | 25.2 | 1.81(1.50-2.18) | 45.1 | 1.61(1.37-1.88) |
Alcohol consumption | ||||
Never | 15.4 | 1.00 | 29.7 | 1.00 |
1 drink per day | 10.7 | 0.84(0.65-1.09) | 27.7 | 0.91(0.76-1.09) |
≥2 drinks per day | 17.1 | 1.16(1.04-1.30) | 33.7 | 1.22(1.11-1.33) |
Eat fried foods | ||||
Never | 17.5 | 1.00 | 33.7 | 1.00 |
Yes | 11.6 | 0.79(0.70-0.89) | 25.3 | 0.85(0.78-0.93) |
Have a diet low in fat/calories | ||||
No | 17.6 | 1.00 | 34.0 | 1.00 |
Yes | 12.4 | 0.75(0.67-0.84) | 25.9 | 0.64(0.58-0.70) |
Variables | General obesityb
| Abdominal obesityb
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | OR (95% CI)a
| (%) | OR (95% CI)a
| |
Age-groups (years) | ||||
18-34 | 7.5 | 1.00 | 22.9 | 1.00 |
35-44 | 12.1 | 1.45(1.23-1.71) | 41.1 | 1.96(1.76-2.18) |
45-54 | 19.6 | 2.57(2.19-3.01) | 57.9 | 3.59(3.21-4.02) |
55-64 | 28.0 | 4.39(3.68-5.24) | 73.4 | 6.85(5.93-7.91) |
65-74 | 16.0 | 2.57(2.01-3.29) | 66.8 | 4.96 (4.11-5.98) |
Ethnic | ||||
Han | 14.6 | 1.00 | 45.0 | 1.00 |
Others | 10.1 | 0.86(0.67-1.10) | 27.7 | 0.55(0.46-0.66) |
Educational level | ||||
No school | 19.0 | 1.00 | 64.8 | 1.00 |
Primary school | 20.9 | 1.13(0.91-1.41) | 65.5 | 1.33(1.10-1.60) |
Junior high school | 15.0 | 1.02(0.82-1.27) | 43.6 | 0.96(0.80-1.15) |
≥Senior high school | 6.6 | 0.61(0.45-0.81) | 23.6 | 0.61(0.49-0.75) |
Occupation | ||||
Blue-collar | 15.3 | 1.00 | 46.6 | 1.00 |
White-collar | 9.4 | 0.77(0.63-0.94) | 36.9 | 1.12(0.98-1.28) |
Organization | 12.6 | 1.19(0.93-1.54) | 37.4 | 1.17(0.97-1.42) |
Others | 15.3 | 0.93(0.82-1.06) | 43.3 | 0.81(0.74-0.90) |
Family income/year c
| ||||
<10,000 RMB | 18.7 | 1.00 | 65.1 | 1.00 |
10,000-30,000 RMB | 17.5 | 1.09(0.90-1.34) | 55.1 | 0.83(0.70-0.98) |
30,000-50,000RMB | 13.9 | 1.00(0.83-1.20) | 42.8 | 0.62(0.53-0.72) |
>50,000RMB | 11.6 | 1.02(0.82-1.26) | 31.7 | 0.47(0.40-0.56) |
Parental obesity | ||||
No | 13.0 | 1.00 | 43.8 | 1.00 |
Yes | 20.3 | 2.06(1.82-2.33) | 44.5 | 1.26(1.14-1.40) |
Physical activity | ||||
Low | 14.1 | 1.00 | 42.1 | 1.00 |
High | 15.0 | 0.89 (0.79-1.01) | 49.3 | 0.99(0.90-1.09) |
Cigarette smoking | ||||
Never | 14.5 | 1.00 | 43.2 | 1.00 |
Current | 11.0 | 0.47(0.36-0.60) | 50.0 | 0.58(0.49-0.68) |
Former | 13.2 | 0.63(0.36-1.08) | 71.9 | 2.31(1.47-3.62) |
Alcohol consumption | ||||
Never | 14.4 | 1.00 | 43.7 | 1.00 |
1 drink per day | 7.4 | 0.32(0.11-0.90) | 63.0 | 0.79(0.44-1.41) |
≥2 drinks per day | 11.0 | 0.79(0.55-1.13) | 46.8 | 1.46(1.15-1.86) |
Eat fried foods | ||||
Never | 15.3 | 1.00 | 46.1 | 1.00 |
Yes | 7.6 | 0.63(0.51-0.77) | 29.2 | 0.76(0.67-0.86) |
Have a diet low in fat/calories | ||||
No | 15.2 | 1.00 | 43.1 | 1.00 |
Yes | 11.9 | 0.67(0.59-0.76) | 46.1 | 1.05(0.96-1.15) |