Introduction
Methods
Hong Kong
Japan
Sweden
Statistical analyses
Results
Men (n = 1,810) | Women (n = 2,302) | |
---|---|---|
Years of follow-up (mean ± SD (range)) | 3.5 ± 2.9 (1–14) | 4.7 ± 2.6 (1–14) |
Age (year) | 68 ± 10.3 (50–99) | 62 ± 8.2 (50–91) |
Height (cm) | 164.6 ± 6.5 | 152.7 ± 6.0 |
Weight (kg) | 62.9 ± 10.3 | 55.3 ± 9.1 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.1 ± 8.4 | 23.7 ± 3.7 |
Number of postmenopausal women | – | 2,229 (96%) |
Age at menopause (year) | – | 49.5 ± 4.0 |
Current or history of hormone replacement therapy | – | 217 (9.4%) |
Difficulty bending forward | 185 (10.2%) | 365 (15.8%) |
Kyphosis | 78 (4.3%) | 126 (5.5%) |
Low back pain | 510 (28.2%) | 1,336 (58.0%) |
Height loss >2 cm since 25 years old | 442 (24.4%) | 854 (37.1%) |
Have at least one of the above symptoms | 1,004 (55.5%) | 1,660 (72.1%) |
History of clinical vertebral fracture | 48 (2.7%) | 126 (5.5%) |
History of hip fracture | 24 (1.7%) | 31 (1.3%) |
Incident clinical vertebral fracture at follow-up | 11 (0.6%) | 46 (2.0%) |
Incident hip fracture at follow-up | 10 (0.6%) | 24 (1.0%) |
Fracture site and age group | Men | Women | F/M |
---|---|---|---|
Hip | |||
50–54 | 10 | 16 | 1.6 |
55–59 | 21 | 31 | 1.5 |
60–64 | 46 | 57 | 1.2 |
65–69 | 99 | 103 | 1.0 |
70–74 | 215 | 273 | 1.3 |
75–79 | 348 | 527 | 1.5 |
80–84 | 602 | 1,059 | 1.8 |
85+ | 477 | 1,377 | 2.9 |
Vertebral | |||
50–54 | 50 | 219 | 4.4 |
55–59 | 111 | 313 | 2.8 |
60–64 | 165 | 516 | 3.1 |
65–69 | 95 | 564 | 5.9 |
70–74 | 226 | 874 | 3.9 |
75–79 | 450 | 1,205 | 2.7 |
80–84 | 594 | 2,119 | 3.6 |
85+ | 954 | 2,689 | 2.8 |
Men | Women | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age group | Japan [24] | Hong Kong | Sweden [28] | Japan [24] | Hong Kong | Sweden [28] |
50–54 | 3.9 | 5.0 | 2.2 | N/Aa
| 13.7 | 2.6 |
55–59 | 7.1 | 5.3 | 1.4 | 4.7 | 10.1 | 2.9 |
60–64 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 1.6 |
65–69 | 4.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 1.4 |
70–74 | 3.5 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 1.4 |
75–79 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 0.8 |
80–84 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 0.5 |
85+ | 1.7 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.4 |