One of the first plant collections of useful plant in northeastern Mexico (Coahuila, San Luis Potosí, and Tamaulipas) was carried out by Palmer [
45], this set of plants is currently stored at the Peabody Museum (Harvard University), and several of the plants mentioned are used in Rayones in similar way. As in other parts of Nuevo León and north of Mexico, the peyote and its psychoactive compounds are used to heal arthritis, but also for its hallucinogenic properties [
46,
47].
Echinocactus platyacanthus is commonly used to feed goats and to make candies, the populations of this species and the ones of
Ferocactus histrix are severely impacted for these uses [
48], currently, and both of them are endangered species in México. The quelites (
Amaranthus) are widely used in Mexico as food [
49], the quelites are a common food in the diet of the Rayones residents. The lechuguilla production [
50], wood use [
51], amole root used as shampoo[
52], ixtle fiber extraction [
53], consumption of wild beans [
54], laurel oils uses [
55] recorded in the north, central and south of Mexico are also common practices of routine use in Rayones; all of them are similarly used in Rayones for same purposes. People still produce lechuguilla fibers, however, this practice is almost vanished because of the low prices of the fibers. Several roots (
Agave and
Opuntia) are commonly used for make soap, food or for medicinal use in a similar way to the
chicana (
Hechtia) roots [
40], and other species of
Agave from northwestern Mexico [
56]. In Tamaulipas, 610 useful species were recorded, including 334 medicinal and 154 timber species [
57], almost 30% of them are found in Rayones. For the arid areas of Tamaulipas, 53 medicinal species have been recorded [
58], many of these species are present and used in Rayones in a similar way, especially the herbaceous and shrub species. In Coahuila, the ethnic Kikapoo uses at least 150 useful plant species, 26 of them are widely used as medicinal [
59], almost 12% of them are commonly used in Rayones. In northwestern Mexico, the Raramuri ethnia uses dozens of medicinal plants, and has been compared to those found in city markets [
60], some of them are used as a poisonous plants [
61], only one species (
Solanum douglasii) is used as a poisonous plant in Rayones. In Chihuahua it is known that many Raramuri kids know up to 40 different useful species [
62], greater amount than that in younger individuals interviewed in Rayones. Raramuri women know at least 356 different useful species, highlighting those medicinal, forage, food, fuel and construction [
17]. In Sonora, where Pima and Yaqui ethnicity persist, still uses several plants as living fences [
63] and many species are used as food [
64], several of these genera are also used in Rayones for the same purpose. Of the nearly seventy medicinal plants recorded on the market of Monterrey [
65], almost 60% of them are used in Rayones in similar way, especially the medicinal species. Almost 70% of plants recorded in Rayones are used also in similar way in the Cumbres de Monterrey National Park [
11], and almost 80% of the useful flora recorded in Rayones was recorded in the southern area of Nuevo León, México [
12].