Background
Methods
Study Sample
Instrument
Participant Characteristics
Statistical analysis
Factor structure evaluation
Item-level analysis
Results
Characteristic | LLD Developmental Sample
b
(Percentage) | LIFE-P |
---|---|---|
N
|
150
|
424
|
Age | ||
60-69 | 27.3 | 0 |
70-79 | 40.7 | 72.9 |
80-89 | 26.7 | 27.1 |
90+ | 5.3 | 0 |
Gender - Women | 77.3 | 68.9 |
Race | ||
White | 84.0 | 74.3 |
Black | 7.3 | 18.2 |
Asian | 2.7 | 0.7 |
Hispanic | 5.3 | 4.7 |
American Indian | 0.7 | 0.9 |
Other | 0 | 1.0 |
Missing | 0 | 0.2 |
Education | ||
High School or less | 38.7 | 30.0 |
Bachelor/certificate degree | 44.7 | 45.8 |
Graduate/professional degree | 16.6 | 21.2 |
Other | 0 | 2.8 |
Missing | 0 | 0.2 |
Marital Status--Married | 39.3 | 39.5 |
Living Arrangements | ||
Alone | 45.3 | 45.1 |
With spouse (only) | 33.3 | 39.2 |
With family | 18.0 | 14.4 |
With nonfamily | 3.4 | 1.4 |
Disability Limitation Scaled Score - mean | ||
Total | 68.6 | 69.3, 71.4, 71.2 c
|
Instrumental Role | 67.2 | 68.7, 71.1, 70.8 |
Management Role | 86.3 | 83.8, 84.9, 84.7 |
Self-Reported Conditions | ||
Heart condition | 10.0 | 13.0d
|
Chronic pulmonary condition | 10.0 | 13.7 |
Anxiety/depression | 6.0 | 29.7 |
Stroke | 6.0 | 4.7 |
Diabetes | 3.3 | 17.7 |
Hip fracture | 2.6 | 3.1 |
Liver disease | 2.6 | 2.6 |
Cancer | 1.3 | 17.5 |
Factor structure evaluation
a. Baseline
| 16 items from Jette et al. | Original 8 items from McAuley et al. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
One factor
|
Two factor
|
One factor
|
Two factor
| |||
Items
|
Factor 1
|
Factor 2
|
Social role
|
Personal role
| ||
Visit friends |
0.58
a
| 0.40 | 0.43 |
0.62
|
0.70
| 0.14 |
Travel out of town |
0.66
|
0.59
| 0.33 |
0.68
|
0.71
| 0.23 |
Go out to public places |
0.73
|
0.57
|
0.46
|
0.76
|
0.73
| 0.33 |
Work at a volunteer job |
0.69
|
0.73
| 0.20 | |||
Keep in touch with others |
0.50
| 0.19 |
0.55
| |||
Participate in social activities |
0.73
|
0.64
| 0.36 | |||
Invite family and friends into home |
0.70
|
0.64
| 0.33 |
0.71
|
0.74
| 0.24 |
Participate in active recreation |
0.55
|
0.77
| -0.07 | |||
Provide assistance to others |
0.64
|
0.54
| 0.35 | |||
Provide meals |
0.64
| 0.37 |
0.56
|
0.69
| 0.34 |
0.66
|
Take care of personal care needs |
0.53
| 0.12 |
0.69
|
0.60
| 0.05 |
0.84
|
Take care of local errands |
0.70
|
0.47
|
0.53
|
0.73
| 0.40 |
0.65
|
Take care of health |
0.56
| 0.08 |
0.78
| |||
Take care of household business |
0.56
| 0.17 |
0.68
|
0.57
| 0.26 |
0.56
|
Take part in an exercise program |
0.63
|
0.74
| 0.09 | |||
Take care of inside of home |
0.68
|
0.61
| 0.32 | |||
b. Month 6 Follow-Up
| ||||||
One factor
|
Two factor
|
One factor
|
Two factor
| |||
Items
|
Factor 1
|
Factor 1
|
Factor 2
|
Social role
|
Personal role
| |
Visit friends |
0.63
|
0.63
| 0.21 |
0.63
|
0.80
| 0.09 |
Travel out of town |
0.69
|
0.70
| 0.22 |
0.68
|
0.71
| 0.26 |
Go out to public places |
0.71
|
0.64
| 0.33 |
0.72
|
0.65
| 0.36 |
Work at a volunteer job |
0.68
|
0.74
| 0.16 | |||
Keep in touch with others |
0.49
| 0.37 | 0.31 | |||
Participate in social activities |
0.70
|
0.62
| 0.35 | |||
Invite family and friends into home |
0.70
|
0.64
| 0.31 |
0.70
|
0.72
| 0.27 |
Participate in active recreation |
0.61
|
0.73
| 0.06 | |||
Provide assistance to others |
0.69
|
0.59
| 0.37 | |||
Provide meals |
0.66
| 0.30 |
0.69
|
0.74
| 0.27 |
0.77
|
Take care of personal care needs |
0.65
| 0.25 |
0.74
|
0.70
| 0.13 |
0.85
|
Take care of local errands |
0.70
| 0.36 |
0.68
|
0.76
| 0.28 |
0.79
|
Take care of health |
0.59
| 0.14 |
0.77
| |||
Take care of household business |
0.58
| 0.19 |
0.71
|
0.63
| 0.41 |
0.48
|
Take part in an exercise program |
0.67
|
0.66
| 0.24 | |||
Take care of inside of home |
0.69
|
0.59
| 0.38 | |||
c. Month 12 Follow-Up
| ||||||
One factor
|
Two factor
|
One factor
|
Two factor
| |||
Items
|
Factor 1
|
Factor 1
|
Factor 2
|
Social role
|
Personal role
| |
Visit friends |
0.60
| 0.36 |
0.49
|
0.62
|
0.76
| 0.14 |
Travel out of town |
0.70
|
0.65
| 0.32 |
0.72
|
0.79
| 0.24 |
Go out to public places |
0.73
|
0.55
|
0.49
|
0.79
|
0.70
| 0.43 |
Work at a volunteer job |
0.69
|
0.68
| 0.28 | |||
Keep in touch with others |
0.59
| 0.18 |
0.68
| |||
Participate in social activities |
0.74
|
0.59
|
0.46
| |||
Invite family and friends into home |
0.69
|
0.65
| 0.30 |
0.69
|
0.66
| 0.33 |
Participate in active recreation |
0.62
|
0.79
| 0.05 | |||
Provide assistance to others |
0.65
|
0.51
| 0.41 | |||
Provide meals |
0.70
| 0.44 |
0.56
|
0.76
| 0.30 |
0.76
|
Take care of personal care needs |
0.66
| 0.33 |
0.62
|
0.71
| 0.21 |
0.78
|
Take care of local errands |
0.71
| 0.41 |
0.62
|
0.74
| 0.21 |
0.82
|
Take care of health |
0.59
| 0.14 |
0.72
| |||
Take care of household business |
0.58
| 0.14 |
0.71
|
0.60
| 0.28 |
0.56
|
Take part in an exercise program |
0.68
|
0.74
| 0.20 | |||
Take care of inside of home |
0.71
|
0.65
| 0.34 |
16 items from Jette et al.
| |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time
|
No. of Factors
|
Chi-Square
|
df
|
p-value
|
Goodness of Fit Index
|
CFI
a
|
Non-normed Index
|
NFI
b
|
RMSEA
c
|
Baseline | 1 | 512.9 | 104 | < .0001 | 0.8484 | 0.8302 | 0.8313 | 0.7971 | 0.0991 |
2 | 321.7 | 89 | < .0001 | 0.9008 | 0.9034 | 0.9046 | 0.8727 | 0.0808 | |
Month 6 | 1 | 438.3 | 104 | < .0001 | 0.8499 | 0.8621 | 0.8630 | 0.8278 | 0.0926 |
2 | 237.4 | 89 | < .0001 | 0.9205 | 0.9388 | 0.9396 | 0.9067 | 0.0667 | |
Month 12 | 1 | 403.7 | 104 | < .0001 | 0.8727 | 0.8832 | 0.8839 | 0.8497 | 0.0872 |
2 | 282.4 | 89 | < .0001 | 0.9103 | 0.9246 | 0.9255 | 0.8949 | 0.0757 | |
Original 8 items from McAuley et al.
| |||||||||
Time
|
No. of Factors
|
Chi-Square
|
df
|
p-value
|
Goodness of Fit Index
|
CFI
|
Non-normed Index
|
NFI
|
RMSEA
|
Baseline | 1 | 61.9 | 20 | < .0001 | 0.9620 | 0.9534 | 0.9538 | 0.9333 | 0.0710 |
2 | 19.2 | 13 | 0.1182 | 0.9890 | 0.9932 | 0.9933 | 0.9794 | 0.0337 | |
Month 6 | 1 | 140.3 | 20 | < .0001 | 0.9042 | 0.8832 | 0.8841 | 0.8674 | 0.1251 |
2 | 40.5 | 13 | 0.0001 | 0.9741 | 0.9733 | 0.9736 | 0.9617 | 0.0743 | |
Month 12 | 1 | 115.5 | 20 | < .0001 | 0.9219 | 0.9109 | 0.9116 | 0.8950 | 0.1118 |
2 | 35.8 | 13 | 0.0006 | 0.9777 | 0.9788 | 0.9791 | 0.9675 | 0.0677 |